अ

a
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vivaran	'a' devanagari varnamala ka pratham varn aur pratham svar hai.
bhashavijnan ki drishti se	kanthh‌y hrasv (jisaka dirgh roop ‘a’ hai), madhy, avrittamukhi, ardhavivrit aur mool svar hai.
anunasik roop	aan (jaise- ‘aangana’, ‘aandhera’).
matra	‘a’ ka koee matra-chihh‌n nahian hota apitu kisi vyanjan ke bad ‘a’ ju dane par keval ‘halh‌’ chihh‌n (‌h) hat jata hai (jaise—kh‌+a = k, khh‌+a = kh, hh‌+a = h).
vyakaran	[ sanskrit (dhatu) akh + d ] pulliang- vishnu, shiv, brahma, vayu, agni, vishv, amrit.
vishesh	'a' ibrali bhasha ke alephh‌, yoonani ke alpha aur latini, italiy tatha aangrezi ke e ke samakaksh hai.
sanbandhit lekh	a, i, ee, o, au
any janakari	'a' ka prayog avyayibhav samas ke roop mean bhi hota hai. nanh tatpurush samas mean nakar ka lop hokar keval akar rah jata hai; arrini ko chho dakar svar ke poorv 'a' ka anh‌ ho jata hai.

a sanskrit tatha bharat ki samast pradeshik bhashaoan ki varnamala ka pratham akshar hai. ibrali bhasha ka alephh‌, yoonani ka alpha aur latini, italiy tatha aangrezi ka e isake samakaksh hai. 'a' devanagari varnamala ka pratham varn aur pratham svar hai. bhasha vijnan ki drishti se ‘a’ kanthh‌y hrasv (jisaka dirgh roop ‘a’ hai), madhy, avrittamukhi, ardhavivrit aur mool svar hai.

vishesh-

1. [ sanskrit (dhatu) akh + d ] pulliang- vishnu, shiv, brahma, vayu, agni, vishv, amrit.
2. ‘a’ ka anunasik roop aan hai (jaise- ‘aangana’, ‘aandhera’ adi mean prayukt).
3. any svaroan ke matra-chihh‌n hote haian parantu ‘a’ ka koee matra-chihh‌n nahian hota apitu kisi vyanjan ke bad ‘a’ ju dane par keval ‘halh‌’ chihh‌n (‌h) hat jata hai (jaise—kh‌+a = k, khh‌+a = kh, hh‌+a = h).
4. uchcharan ki drishti se ‘a’ ke 6 bhed haian- udatt, anudatt aur svarit hone se 3 bhed aur unake ‘niranunasik’ (anunasik –rahit) aur anunasik hone se kul 6 bhed hai. prachin sanskrit vaiyakaran ‘a’ ke ‘hrasv’, ‘dirgh’ aur ‘plut’ bhed manate haian, aur isalie ‘a’ ke 8 bhed kahate haian. hiandi mean ‘dirgh a’ arthath‌ ‘a’ ek prithakh svar mana jata hai aur ‘plut a’ (arthath‌ ‘aaa) ka hiandi mean kabhi-kabhi hi prayog hota hai.
5. hiandi mean ‘a’ ke mukhyat: 3 roop hi adhik prachalit haian- ‘a’, anunasik roop ‘aan’ tatha anusvar yukt roop ‘a’. yah dhyan dene yogy hai ki anunasik roop ‘aan’ ka chihh‌n ‘an’ hai jise ‘ardhachandrabiandu’ ya ‘chandrabiandu’ kaha jata hai.
6. ‘aan’ ke anusvar yukt ‘a’ hai usaka prayog vahian samajhana chahie jahaan vah y, r, l, v, sh, sh, s ya h se pahale ae (jaise—aansh,aans). anusvar ka vastavik chihh‌n ‘an’ hai jo sabhi svaroan ke sath a sakata hai (ekaansh, viansh). any vyanjanoan se pahale ‘aan’ ka prayog nh‌, nh‌, nh‌, nh‌, mh‌ arthath kavarg adi paanchoan vargoan ke aantim varnoan ke sthan par lekhan-suvidha, tankan-suvidha, ya mudran-suvidha ke lie kiya jata hai. udaharanarth, ank, anjan, anda, aandha, ambarish, ko kramash: aank, aanjan, aanda, aandha, aanbarish likha ja sakata hai parantu ‘a’ mean lagi biandi ‘anusvar’ nahian hai, apitu pancham varn ka pratik haian- yah dhyan rakhane yogy hai. is mahattvapoorn bat ka jnan n hone, ya usaka dhyan n rakhane, ke karan hiandi ke asankhy vidyarthi adi hi nahian, lekhak aur koshakar bhi bhramit rahe haian aur aj bhi haian. yah janana mahattvapoorn hai ki ‘ant’ poornat: sahi hai aur ‘anh‌t’ bhi usi ke saman hai parantu ‘aant’ ke keval suvidha ke lie likha jata hai, bhasha–drishti se ‘aant’ shabd ko ‘anusvar-yukt a vala’ nahian kaha ja sakata.
7. ukt bat ko any svaroan tatha svar-yukt vyanjanoan ke sandarbh mean bhi janana chahie tatha shabdakosh, anukramanika ityadi mean us par dhyan dena chahie. sanskrit ke shabdakoshoan mean is par dhyan dene se koshoan ka shabd-kram shuddh hai parantu hiandi ke adhikatar koshakar bhramit rahe haian aur unake shabdakram mean ‘aandolan’, ‘kanth’, ‘sant', ko anusvar-yukt manakar ek jagah sthan diya jata hai aur ‘aandolan’, kanth’, ’sant’ ko doosari jagah, jabaki in shabdoan ke sthan kramash: nh‌, nh‌, nh‌,… dhvani ke anusar sunishchit rahane chahie. abhi tak ke prasiddh hiandi shabdakoshoan mean ‘akaradi kram’ ke sthan par ‘aankaradikram’ raha hai jo ashuddh, truti poorn aur bhramak hai.
8. ‘akar’ arthath‌ ‘a’ ka ek vyapak upayog mahattvapoorn hai. vyanjan ke shuddh roop (kh‌, khh‌ adi) ka uchcharan akele karana samanyat: kathin ya asambhav hai. at: vyanjan ka svar-sahit uchcharan hi svabhavik roop se kiya jata hai, at: ‘kh‌’, ko ‘k’, ‘khh‌’ ko ‘khh‌’, ...’ bolane mean vyanjan ke aant mean ‘a’ ju d hi jata hai. vyanjanoan ka is prakar akaraant uchcharan hiandi bhashi kshetroan ki visheshata hai. sanskrit vaiyakaran bhi ‘kh‌’, ‘khh‌’, ...’ ki dhvaniyoan ko kramash: kakar, khakar... hi kahate haian (kh‌kar, khh‌kar,…nahian).

uchcharan

panini ke anusar isaka uchcharan kanth se hota hai. uchcharan ke anusar sanskrit mean isake atharah bhed haian:-

sanunasik hrasv udatt anudatt svarit dirgh udatt anudatt svarit plut udatt anudatt svarit

niranunasik hrasv udatt anudatt svarit dirgh udatt anudatt svarit plut udatt anudatt svarit

hiandi tatha any bharatiy bhashaoan mean a ke pray do hi uchcharan hrasv tatha dirgh hote haian. keval parvatiy pradeshoan mean, jahaan door se logoan ko bulana ya sanbodhan karana hota hai, plut ka prayog hota hai. in uchcharanoan ko kramash a, a² aur a³ se vyakt kiya ja sakata hai. dirgh karane ke lie a ke age ek kh di rekha jo d dete haian jisase usaka akar a ho jata hai. sanskrit tatha usase sanbaddh sabhi bhashaoan ke vyanjan mean a samahit hota hai aur usaki sahayata se hi unaka poorn uchcharan hota hai. udaharan ke lie, k= kh‌+ a; kh= khh‌+ a, adi. vastav mean sabhi vyanjanoan ko vyakt karane vale aksharoan ki rachana mean a prastut rahata hai. a ka pratik kh di rekha. athava a hai jo vyanjan ke dakshin, madhy ya oopari bhag mean vartaman rahati hai, jaise k (kh + a) mean madhy mean hai; kh (khh + a) , g (gh+ a) , gh (ghh+ a) mean dakshin bhag mean tatha n (nh‌+ a) , chh (chhh‌ + a) , t (th + a) adi mean oopari bhag mean hai. 'a' svar ki rachana ke bare mean varnoddharatantr mean ullekh hai. ek matra se do rekhaean milati haian. ek rekha dakshin or se ghoomakar oopar sankuchit ho jati hai; doosari baeean or se akar dahini or hoti huee matra se mil jati hai. isaka akar pray is prakar sangathit ho sakata hai. chauthi shati eesa poorv ki brahmi se lekar navian shati ee. ko devanagari tak isake kee roop milate haian.

'a' ka prayog

a ka prayog avyay ke roop mean bhi hota hai. nanh tatpurush samas mean nakar ka lop hokar keval akar rah jata hai; arrini ko chho dakar svar ke poorv a ka anh‌ ho jata hai. nanh tatpurush mean a ka prayog nimnalikhit chhah vibhinn arthoan mean hota hai-

1. sadrishy- abrahman. isaka arth hai brahman ko chho dakar usake sadrish doosara varn, (kshatriy, vaishy adi).
2. abhav- apap. pap ka abhav.
3. anyatv- aghat. ghat chho dakar doosara padarth, pat, pith adi.
4. alpata- anudari. chhote pet vali.
5. aprashasty- akal. bura kal, vipatkal adi.
6. virodh- asur. sur ka virodhi, rakshas adi.

isi tarah a ka prayog sanbodhan (a! ), vismay (a:), adhikshep (tiraskar) adi mean hota hai.

tatsadrishyamabhavashch tadanyatvan tadalpata.
aprashastyan virodhashch narnthashath prakirtita..

vishesh mahattv

a (pulliang, sanjna) arth mean vishnu ke lie prayukt hota hai. kahian-kahian akar se brahma ka bhi bodh hota hai. tantrashastr ke anusar a mean brahma, vishnu aur shiv tatha unaki shaktiyaan vartaman haian. tantr mean a ke paryay srishti, shrikanth, megh, kirti, nivritti, brahma, vamadyaj, sarasvat, amrit, har, narakati, lalat, ekamatrik, kanth brahman, vagish tatha pranavadi bhi pae jate haian. pranav ke (a+ u+ m) tin aksharoan mean a pratham hai. yog sadhana mean pranav (o3mh‌) aur visheshat usake pratham akshar a ka vishesh mahatv hai. chitt ekagr karane ke lie pahale poore o3mh‌ ka uchcharan n kar usake bijakshar a ka hi jap kiya jata hai. aisa vishvas kiya jata hai ki isake jap se sharir ke bhitari tattv kaph, vayu, pitt, rakt tatha shukr shuddh ho jate haian aur isase samadhi ki poornavastha ki prapti hoti hai.

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