अंग महाजनपद
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thumb|300px|aang mahajanapad
Anga Great Realm
aang desh ya 'aang mahajanapad' prachin janapad tha, jo bihar rajy ke vartaman bhagalapur aur muanger ziloan ka samavarti tha. aang ki rajadhani chanpa thi. aj bhi bhagalapur ke ek muhalle ka nam chanpanagar hai. mahabharat ki paranpara ke anusar aang ke vrihadrath aur any rajaoan ne magadh ko jita tha, pichhe bianbisar aur magadh ki badhati huee samrajy lipsa ka vah svayan shikar hua. raja dasharath ke mitr lomapad aur mahabharat ke aangaraj karn ne vahaan raj kiya tha. bauddh granth 'aanguttaranikay' mean bharat ke buddh poorv solah janapadoan mean aang ki ganana huee hai.[1]
itihas
aang desh ka sarvapratham namollekh atharvaved 5,22,14 mean hai-
'gandharibhyan moojavadbhayongebhyo magadhebhy: praishyanh janamiv shevadhian tavamanan paridadmasi.'
is aprashansatmak kathan se soochit hota hai ki atharvaved ke rachanakal (athava uttar vaidik kal) tak aang, magadh ki bhaanti hi, ary-sabhyata ke prasar ke bahar tha, jisaki sima tab tak panjab se lekar uttar pradesh tak hi thi. mahabharatakal mean aang aur magadh ek hi rajy ke do bhag the. shaanti parv 29,35 (aangan brihadrathan chaiv mritan srianjay shushrum') mean magadharaj jarasandh ke pita brihadrath ko hi aang ka shasak bataya gaya hai. shaanti parv 5,6-7 ('pritya dadau s karnay malinian nagaramath, aangeshu narashardool s rajasith sapatnajith. palayamas chanpaan ch karn: parabalardan:, duryodhanasyanumate tavapi viditan tatha') se spasht hai ki jarasandh ne karn ko aangasthit malini ya chanpapuri dekar vahaan ka raja man liya tha. tatpashchath duryodhan ne karn ko aangaraj ghoshit kar diya tha.[2]
vaidik kal mean
vaidik kal ki sthiti ke pratikool, mahabharat ke samay, aang ary-sabhyata ke prabhav mean poornaroop se a gaya tha aur panjab ka hi ek bhag- madr- is samay aryasanskriti se bahishkrit samajha jata tha.[3] mahabharat ke anusar aangadesh ki nianv raja aang ne dali thi. sanbhavat: aitarey brahman 8,22 mean ullikhit aang-vairochan hi aangarajy ka sansthapak tha. jatak-kathaoan tatha bauddhasahity ke any granthoan se jnat hota hai ki gautamabuddh se poorv, aang ki ganana uttarabharat ke shodash janapadoan mean thi. is kal mean aang ki rajadhani chanpanagari thi. aanganagar ya chanpa ka ullekh buddhacharit 27, 11 mean bhi hai. poorvabuddhakal mean aang tatha magadh mean rajyasatta ke lie sada shatruta rahi. jainasootr- upasakadasha mean aang tatha usake p dosi deshoan ki magadh ke sath hone vali shatruta ka abhas milata hai. prajnapana-sootr mean any janapadoan ke sath aang ka bhi ullekh hai tatha aang aur bang ko aryajanoan ka mahattvapoorn sthan bataya gaya hai. apane aishvaryakal mean aang ke rajaoan ka magadh par bhi adhikar tha jaisa ki vidhurapanditajatak (kaanvel 6, 133) ke us ullekh se prakat hota hai jisamean magadh ki rajadhani rajagrih ko aangadesh ka hi ek nagar bataya gaya hai. kiantu is sthiti ka viparyay[4] hone mean adhik samay n laga aur magadh ke rajakumar bianbisar ne aangaraj brahmadatt ko marakar usaka rajy magadh mean mila liya. bianbisar apane pita ki mrityu tak aang ka shasak bhi raha tha.[2]
maury kal mean
jain-granthoan mean bianbisar ke putr kunik ajatashatru ko aang aur chanpa ka raja bataya gaya hai. mauryakal mean aang avashy hi magadh ke mahanh samrajy ke aantargat tha. kalidas ne raghu. 6,27 mean aangaraj ka ullekh iandumati-svayanvar ke prasang mean magadh-naresh ke thik pashchath kiya hai jisase pratit hota hai ki aang ki pratishtha poorvaguptakal mean magadh se kuchh hi kam rahi hogi. raghu. 6, 27 mean hi aangarajy ke prashikshit hathiyoan ka manohar varnan hai- 'jagad chainamayamanganath: suraanganaprarthit yauvanashri: vinitanag: kilasootrakarairendran padan bhoomigatoapi bhuankte'. vishnu puran aansh 4, adhyay 18 mean aangavanshiy rajaoan ka ullekh hai. kathasaritsagar 44, 9 se soochit hota hai ki gyarahavian shati ee. mean aangadesh ka vistar samudratat (bangal ki kha di) tak tha kyoanki aang ka ek nagar vitankapur samudr ke kinare hi basa tha.[2]
pauranik varnan
mahabharat granth mean prasang hai ki hastinapur mean kaurav rajakumaroan ke yuddh kaushal ke pradarshan hetu achary dron ne ek pratiyogita ka ayojan kiya. arjun is pratiyogita mean sarvochch pratibhashali dhanurdhar ke roop mean ubhara. karn ne is pratiyogita mean arjun ko dvand yudgh ke lie chunauti di. kintu kripachary ne yah kahakar thukara diya ki karn koee rajakumar nahian hai. isalie is pratiyogita mean bhag nahian le sakata. tab duryodhan ne karn ko aang desh ka raja ghoshit kar diya tha.
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