अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संदर्भ में हिन्दी -प्रो. सिद्धेश्वर प्रसाद
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | yah lekh svatantr lekhan shreni ka lekh hai. is lekh mean prayukt samagri, jaise ki tathy, aank de, vichar, chitr adi ka, sanpoorn uttaradayitv is lekh ke lekhak/lekhakoan ka hai bharatakosh ka nahian. |
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- lekhak- pro. siddheshvar prasad
bhasha aur sahity ki samriddhi tatha bhasha bhashiyoan ki sankhya adi sabhi drishtiyoan se hindi sansar ki vishisht evan kuchh atyant mahattvapoorn bhashaoan mean ek hai. pichhale karib ek hazar varshoan se jab rajabhasha aur rashtrabhasha ke roop mean sanskrit ka prachalan kam ho gaya, hindi rashtrabhasha aur sanpark donoan roopoan mean bharat tatha as pas ke kuchh deshoan mean vyahrit hoti rahi hai. lekin svarajy ki prapti ke bad hindi keval bharat ki rashtrabhasha hi nahian rah gee, balki jab ise sanvidhan mean bharat ki rajabhasha ke roop mean bhi svikrit kiya gaya to svabhavat: aisa mana jane laga ki ise der-saber sanyukt rashtr sangh evan sansar ki any aantarrashtriy sansthaoan-sansthanoan mean bhi sthan mil jayega aur aantarrashtriy sanpark ki bhasha ke roop mean ise bhi dhire dhire svat: manyata prapt hogi. lekin jin karanoan se bharat ko sanyukt rashtr sangh mean ya vishesh roop se sanyukt rashtr sangh ki suraksha parishad mean sthayi ya vishesh mahattv nahian prapt ho saka, qarib-qarib unhian karanoan se bharat ki rajabhasha hindi ko bhi vah sthan nahian prapt ho saka.
isamean sandeh nahian ki san 1947 ki tulana mean aj kee drishtiyoan se sthiti badal gee hai. jahaan tak aantarik sthiti ki bat hai, sabase b di bat yah huee hai ki aj desh mean rashtriyata ki vaisi jvalant bhavana nahian hai, jaisi bhavana ke bina bharat jaise desh ki rajabhasha hi nahian balki any arthik aur rajanitik samasyaoan ka bhi samadhan sanbhav nahian hai. aj aksar rashtriyata jaisi moolyoan ki bat ko bhavukata ki bat kah kar tal dena ek faishan sa ho gaya hai. parantu kya yah vastavikata nahian hai ki bagair bhavana ke manav jivan banjar ho jata hai aur usaka jivan pashu ke saman, kyoanki sabhi manyataoan aur adarshoan ka mool sanbandh bhavana se hi hai. at: rashtriyata ki bhavana ke bagair hamari anek samasyaoan ka n to samuchit nidan sanbhav hai aur n unaka samadhan.
ek or to yah thik hai ki aangrezi raj ki tulana mean aj kee batoan mean bharat sarakar ke rajakaj mean hindi ka bharat ki sanpark bhasha ke roop mean prayog badha hai, parantu doosari or yah bat bhi utani hi sahi hai ki svarajy ki prapti ke bad aangrezi aur aangreziyat ka dabadaba bhi utani hi tezise badha hai tatha aj sare desh mean chhote-chhote kasboan mean bhi aangrezi madhyam ke vidyalay khulate ja rahe haian. yah is bat ka dyotak hai ki hamari rashtriyata ki bhavana mand p d gee hai aur ham bhasha jaisi rashtriy mahattv ki bat par bhi aj rashtriy drishti se vichar nahian kar pa rahe haian.
sanvidhan mean svikar kiya gaya tha ki 26 janavari, 1965 ke bad hindi bharat sarakar ki rajabhasha hogi. lekin sanvidhan ki is manyata ke sath 15 varshoan ki avadhi mean rajakaj ki bhasha ke roop mean hindi ke prayog ko badhane ki jo bat thi, sarakar ne n keval qarib-qarib isaki upeksha ki balki aangrezi ke samarthakoan ki is bhavana ko bhi thes pahuanchane mean hichakati rahi hai ki san 1965 ke bad desh mean aangrezi nahian rahegi. isilie n keval desh ke bhitar sarakari kamakaj mean balki desh ke bahar ke sanpark mean bhi hindi ke vyavahar ko jo adhikadhik sthan diya jana chahie tha n to usake lie koee taiyari ki gee aur n us or koee dhyan hi diya gaya.
at: svabhavat: aisi sthiti ban gee hai ki yadi ham bharat sarakar ka sarakari kamakaj hindi ke madhyam se karana chahean to bhavanatmak star par to anek kathinaiyoan ka samana karana hi p dega, sath hi vyavaharik star par bhi kuchh kathinaiyaan samane a jaeangi. is drishti se sabase b di kathinaee yah hai ki hindi ko rajakaj ki drishti se sanvidhan ke lagoo hote hi jo taiyari ki jani chahie usaki or ekadam dhyan nahian diya gaya. isaka parinam yah hua hai ki is drishti se jo sarvadhik mahattvapoorn kam tha shiksha-diksha ke madhyam ke roop mean hindi evan any sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan ko madhyam ke roop mean svikar kiya jaega usaki or koee thos kadam nahian uthae ge. uchch shiksha ke svaroop, gathan aur niti ke sanbandh mean vichar karane ke lie d aauktar radhakrishnan ki adhyakshata mean jis shiksha ayog ka gathan kiya gaya tha, us ayog ke aangrezi samarthakoan evan bharatiy bhasha virodhi roop ke karan us ayog ki sipharishoan mean bharatiy bhashaoan ke vikas ki or n keval koee dhyan nahian diya gaya balki usake lie raste mean anek kathinaiyaan kh di kar di geean. isaka parinam yah hua ki rashtr ne audyogik vikas ki rashtriy niti to tay ki, parantu shiksha aur saanskritik vikas ki koee rashtriy niti aj tak tay nahian ki ja saki. isaka arth yah hua ki aj bhi hamare samane yah spasht nahi hai ki ham bharat mean kis prakar ki samaj vyavastha kayam karana chahate haian.
bhasha ka prashn rajanitik nahian balki samajik aur saanskritik prashn hai. jahaan tak bhasha ke rajanitik paksh ki bat hai, usaka samadhan to usi raj ho gaya jis roj bharat svatantr ho gaya tha aur bhasha ke samajik aur saanskritik paksh ki drishti to bharat ke nivasiyoan ne apani rashtrabhasha aur sanpark bhasha ki samasya ka samadhan atyant sahaj aur svabhavik gati se usi roj dhooandh liya tha, jis roj sanskrit, pali, prakrit aur apabhransh ke sthan par dhire dhire sare desh mean hindi ko hi desh bhar ke tirth yatri, vyavasayi aur paryatak sanpark bhasha ke roop mean kam mean lane lage the. itana hi nahian, aangrezi rajy kal mean bhi bharat ki n keval hindi bhashi riyasatean balki anek ahindi bhashi riyasatoan mean bhi n keval rajakaj balki sanpark bhasha ke roop mean hindi ka prachalan tha. aphasos ki bat yah hai ki svarajy ki prapti ke bad in deshi riyasatoan ke kshetroan mean bhi n keval hindi ka prachalan band kar diya gaya balki usake sthan par aangrezi ka hi ekachhatr rajy ho gaya.
hindi farasi ya aangrezi ki tarah n to videshi bhasha hai aur n sanskrit ki tarah devabhasha. at: sanskrit, farasi ya aangrezi ki tarah rajabhasha ke roop mean prayukt hone ke bad bhi isaka janabhasha ka svaroop sada bana rahega. yahi hindi ki sabase b di shakti bhi hai aur sima bhi. aranbh se aj tak jin ahindi bhashiyoan ne hindi ka rashtrabhasha ke roop mean samarthan kiya, unaka aisa karane ka karan yah tha ki hindi is desh ki sabase b di jan samooh ki bhasha thi aur shesh bharat mean bhi yah samajhi-boli jati thi. par aj hindi ki isi shakti ko hindi ke virodhi aur aangrezi ke samarthak yah kah kar hindi ke virodh mean apane brahmastr ke roop mean kam mean late haian ki chooanki hindi jan samooh vishesh ki matribhasha hai, at: isake rajabhasha hone se un logoan ko vishesh suvidhaean prapt ho jati hai. ve log yah bhool jate haian ki tamil, bangala, telugu, kann d adi bharat ki un sabhi kshetriy bhashaoan ki apane kshetroan mean rashtrabhasha ke roop mean manyata ka adhar unaki apane-apane kshetr ki jan bhasha hi honi hai. at: yah spasht hai ki hindi ke virodh mean prayog kiya jane vala yah tark do dhari talavar ki tarah hai vastut: kisi bhi janatantr mean yah aisa bachakana tark hai, jisaka prayog janatantr ki j d par hi kutharaghat karata hai.
nagapur mean hue pratham hindi sammelan mean sarvasammati se yah prastav svikrit kiya gaya tha ki sanyukt rashtr sangh mean hindi ko manyata pradan karane ke lie poora prayatn kiya jae. lekin ab tak is drishti se koee thos prayas nahian kiya gaya hai. yah thik hai ki tatkalin videsh mantri shri atal bihari vajapeyi ne apana ek bhashan hinadi mean diya tha, parantu unhoanne sanyukt rashtr mean hindi ko manyata pradan karavane ke lie sarakari star par koee thos kadam nahian uthaya tha. isi prakar se vartaman videsh mantri shri pi. vi. narasianharav ne bhale hi sanyukt rashtr sangh mean apane bhashan ka aranbh hindi mean kiya ho, lekin isake lie sarakari taur par aj bhi thos kadam nahian uthaya gaya hai. isake viparit doosari or sthiti yah hai ki aj bharat ke bahar sansar ke karib sau vishvavidyalayoan mean hindi par shodh ka bhi mahattvapoorn kary kiya ja raha hai. isase yah to asandigdh hai ki vishv ki ek samarth aur samriddh bhasha ke roop mean hindi ki manyata badhati hi ja rahi hai. parantu doosari or is sachchaee se bhi iankar nahian kiya ja sakata ki vibhinn aantarrashtriy sansthaoan mean hindi ko sthan dilane ke lie jo prayas kiya jana chahie, vah aj tak nahian kiya ja saka hai aur isake lie bharat mean jo taiyari ki jani chahie, usaki or bhi nahian ke barabar dhyan diya gaya hai. sanyukt rashtr sangh ya is prakar ki any aantarrashtriy sansthaoan evan sansthanoan mean hindi ka prayog aranbh karane ke lie n keval bharat sarakar ko usake arthik vyay ko vahan karana hoga balki isake sath hi is kary ke lie use b di sankhya mean dubhashie aur anuvadakoan ko bhi upalabdh karana hoga. lekin abhi tak isake lie bharat koee kary shuroo nahian kiya ja saka hai. yah thik hai ki bharat mean hindi ke sath aangrezi janane vale dubhashie aur anuvadak hazaroan ki sankhya mean haian, parantu sanyukt rashtr sangh ki freanch, roosi, chini, spenish aur arabi jaisi any many prapt bhashaoan ke lie avashyak sankhya mean yogy aur prashikshit dubhashiyoan evan anuvadakoan ka jo abhav hai usake karan aantarrashtriy vyavahar ki drishti se hindi ke prayog mean jo kathinaee ane vali hai, usake samadhan ka marg bharat ko hi dhooandhana hoga.
isi prishthabhoomi aur inhian batoan ko dhyan mean rakhakar pratham evan dvitiy vishv hindi sammelan mean sanyukt rashtr sangh mean hindi ko manyata dilane ke sath-sath vishv hindi vidyapith ki sthapana ki bat ko bhi sarvasammat prastav ke roop mean svikrit kiya gaya tha. dvitiy bhasha ke roop mean hindi sikhane ke lie vishv hindi vidyapith ke roop mean vardha mean ek sanstha ki sthapana ki ja chuki hai. lekin abhi tak ise keandriy sarakar ki svikriti prapt nahian ho saki hai. parantu sanyukt rashtr sangh mean hindi ko vyavahar mean lae jane ke lie itana hi kafi nahian hai. isilie dilli mean vishv hindi vidyapith ke ek keandr ki sthapana ki yojana keandriy shiksha mantralay ke samane prastut ki gee hai, jisake anusar is keandr mean hindi ke madhyam se sanyukt rashtr sangh ki manyata prapt evan vishv ki any pramukh bhashaoan ke lie dubhashie evan anuvadak taiyar karana, aise karyoan ke lie sanganakoan jaise adhunik vaijnanik yantroan aur sadhanoan ka prayog karana, hindi ke ek sandarbh pustakalay ki sthapana karana tatha hindi mean ek aisi traimasik patrika ka prakashan karana, jisake madhyam se bhasha aur sahity ke kshetr mean sansar ki any bhashaoan mean hone vale mahattvapoorn karyoan ka hindi ke pathakoan ko pata chal sake aur hindi mean ho rahe mahattvapoorn karyoan ka bharat ke bahar ke logoan ko pata chal sake. is vidyapith ki sthapana se bharat ki rajakaj ki bhasha ke roop mean poori tarah se vyavahar mean lae jane ke marg mean hindi ki jo svabhavik kathinaiyaan haian, unhean door karane ke lie thos kadam bhi uthae ja sakeange. abhi aangrezi ke madhyam se hamara shesh jagath se sanpark raha hai. lekin yah n keval aparyapt hai, balki hamare lie anek prakar ke kashtoan ka karan bhi raha hai. at: hamean sansar ke bhi rashtroan se unaki bhasha ke madhyam se sanpark sthapit karane ke lie thos kadam uthana hoga. vishv hindi vidyapith ke madhyam se aisa karana sanbhav ho sakega.
marishas, fiji, soorinam adi sansar ke anek deshoan mean kafi b di sankhya mean base bharatiy hindi ke madhyam se apani shiksha diksha prapt karana chahate haian. lekin abhi bharat mean koee bhi aisa vishvavidyalay nahian hai, jo unaki aisi shikshan sansthaoan ko manyata pradan kar sake ya aise saanskritik keandroan ke sath nirantar sanpark banae rakh sake. vishv hindi vidyapith in donoan karyoan ko kar sakega. yah kahane ki avashyakata nahian hai ki shesh jagath ke sath jivant saanskritik sanbandh jo dane ki drishti se ye sabhi batean kitani adhik mahattv rakhati hai.
lekin yah sab keval tritiy vishv hindi vishv sammelan ke ayojan ko saphal bana dene se nahian hone vala hai. ayojan ki vastavik saphalata to is bat par nirbhar karati hai ki yah sammelan bharat ki aangrezi aur aangrezi parast manasikata ko badalane mean kitani door tak saphal hota hai. isilie vaise yah sammelan kahane bhar ko hi tritiy hindi vishv sammelan hai, parantu vastav mean yah sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan ka sabhi bharatiy bhashaoan ke lie kiya ja raha sammelan hai. jab tak tamilanadu mean tamil ko, bangal mean bangali ko, maharashtr mean marathi ko aur usi prakar se desh ke sabhi rajyoan mean apani-apani bhashaoan ko shiksha-diksha aur rajabhasha ki bhasha ke roop mean prayukt nahian kiya jata hai, tab tak aangrezi aur aangreziyat ka bhoot logoan ke sir par savar rahega aur bharatiy bhashaoan ke vikas ka rajamarg prashast nahian paega.
at: mool prashn bharat ki manasikata ko badalane ka hai. bharat ki manasikata mean badalav lakar hi mahatma gaandhi ne is desh se aangrezoan ke bhay ke bhoot ko bhaga diya aur is desh ke karo doan mook, nirih aur asahay log jab apane pairoan par uth kh de hue to aangrezi rajy ka sitara sada ke lie doob gaya. isake lie rashtriyata ki jis bhavana ko prajvalit karane ki zaroorat p di thi, aj pun: us bujhati bhavana ko prabal banane ki nitaant avashkata hai kyoanki isake bagair har mahanh rashtriy prashn ke samadhan ke marg mean baune log chhote-chhote sthaniy prashnoan ke ro de atakate raheange aur bharat ke vikas ke mahanh rath ko jis veg se age badhana chahie, usamean apekshit gati nahian a paegi.
saanskritik dasata ki j d rajanitik dasata ki j d se bhi adhik gahari hoti hai aur isake sookshm ko pahachan pana atyant kathin hota hai. lekin jis prakar se arthik svatantrata ke bina rajanitik svatantrata nirarthak hoti hai, usi prakar se saanskritik svatantrata ke bina rajanitik aur arthik svatantrata bhi pranahin hoti hai. saanskritik mooly hi samajik jivan ko vah adhar pradan karate haian, jis par rajanitik aur arthik dhaancha kh da kiya jata hai. at: yadi saanskritik nianv kamazor rahe to svabhavat: samajik, arthik aur rajanitik dhaancha bhi kamazor hoga. jab svarajy prapti ke lie aandolan chal raha tha to us avadhi mean mahatma gaandhi jab tak is moolabhoot bat ki or hamara dhyan akrisht karate rahate the. svami vivekanand, raviandranath thakur, lokamany tilak aur shri araviand ne to barabar kaha tha ki ham svarajy ke sath sath un moolyoan ke lie l d rahe haian, jinhean aangrezi rajy ne qarib qarib samapt-sa kar diya hai. pashchimi sabhyata ke svaroop ki alochana karate samay jab mahatma gaandhi usaki mahajani sabhyata kahakar tiraskar karate the, to usake pichhe bhi mool bat moolyoan ki hi hoti thi. yahaan maian bhasha ke sandarbh mean in batoan ka smaran isalie kara raha hooan ki aj yah bat bhula di gee hai ki bharat ki rajabhasha ka saval ek or manasikata ka saval hai aur doosari or vah hamare rashtriy jivan ke un buniyadi moolyoan se ju da hua hai, jinake bagair svatantrata apani garima kho deti hai.
jan jivan se ju di hone ke karan hindi lokatantr ke un buniyadi moolyoan se bhi ju di huee hai, jinake bina lokatantr mean pran ka sanchar nahian ho sakata. lokataantrik paddhati rajakaj ka koee dhaancha matr nahian hai, jahaan par samay par chunav kara diya jae aur phir rajakaj chalata rahe. lokatantr to lokataantrik tarikoan se un samasyaoan ka samadhan khoj nikalata hai, jinaka lok jivan se gahara sanbandh hua karata hai. at: chunav ke avasar par to lok bhasha ka prayog kiya jae aur paanch sal ke lie use bhula diya jae to yah n keval alokataantrik niti hai balki aise mool sankat ko bhi nimantran deti hai, jisake karan aant mean lokatantr ke poore dhaanche par bhi khatare ki ashanka ban sakati hai. isalie panchayat se lekar aantarrashtriy sandarbh ke hindi ke prayogoan ke sabhi pakshoan par vichar karate samay mool bat yah hai ki lokatantr ke buniyadi moolyoan mean hamari shraddha kitani gahari hai. jis bhasha mean kabir, soor, jayasi, tulasi, raham, mira, jayashankar prasad aur premachand jaise lokavishrut sahityakaroan ne apani anubhootiyoan ko vyakt kiya, us bhasha ke madhyam se sansar ka sara kam chalaya ja sakata hai. par yah tabhi sanbhav hai, jab isake lie ham sankalp le lean aur panchayat star se lekar sanyukt rashtr sangh tak hindi ke prayog ko bharatiy rashtriyata ki kasauti manakar chalean.
mahatma gaandhi ne jab yah kaha tha ki rashtr gooanga hai to unhoanne bharatiyoan ke hriday ki mook bhavana ko hi vani pradan ki thi. at: ek rashtr ke lie rashtradhvaj aur rashtragit ki tarah rashtrabhasha bhi anivary hai aur jis prakar se rashtragit evan rashtradhvaj ko sanpoorn rashtr gaurav ka sthan pradan karata hai, usi prakar se rashtrabhasha ko bhi gaurav ka sthan dena hi hoga. ashchary ki bat to yah hai ki jab rashtrabhasha ki bat ati hai, to sanvidhan ke b de-b de pandit tak hindi ke nam par nak-bhauan siko dane lagate haian aur rashtrabhasha ke sanbandh mean sanvidhan mean jo bat kahi gee, use sarvatha anadekha kar jate haian. yah unaki dasata aur manasikata ka parinam hai, jo unhean bharatiy jan jivan se apane ko alag rakh kar apani visheshata banaye rakhane ki vishakt prerana padan karata hai.
jaisa ki kaha ja chuka hai, bhasha ka prashn rajanitik nahian hai balki saanskritik evan samajik hai. at: jab ham aangrezi aur aangreziyat ki manasikata aur dasata se ubharakar bharat ki svatantr saanskritik, samajik satta ki khoj ki or unmukh hoange, tabhi hamean hindi evan bharatiy bhashaoan ke gaurav ka bodh hoga. sahity ke vidyarthi is bat ko janate haian ki jab shrimati sarojini nayadoo ne aangrezi ke romaantik kaviyoan ke anukaran par kavitaean likhian to unhean kaviyitri ke roop mean koee aantarrashtriy manyata prapt nahian huee, lekin jab raviandranath thakur ne upanishadoan aur santoan ki paranpara mean gitajanli ki rachana ki to nobal puraskar ke roop mean unhean aantarrashtriy manyata prapt huee. ashchary aur du:kh ki bat yah hai ki aj is aitihasik tathy ko bhula diya gaya hai aur nakal ki aandhi mean ham bahate ja rahe haian. sansar bharat ko bharat ke roop mean dekhana chahata hai, n ki ianglaiand, amerika, roos, chin, arab ya kisi any desh ki phooh d nakal ke roop mean. yah tabhi sanbhav hai jab bharatiy ke roop mean hamean apani rashtriy asmita ka bodh hoga aur usaki pahachan yah hogi ki ham hindi evan any bharatiy bhashaoan ko apane rojamarra ke vyavahar, shiksha aur diksha ke madhyam evan bharatiy tatha aantarrashtriy kamakaj ki bhasha ke roop mean hindi ka sahaj bhav se kitani saphalatapoorvak prayog karate haian. jis roj bharat ek rashtr ke roop mean aisa karane ka sankalp le laga, us roj bharat ke saanskritik aur samajik vikas ke marg ki sari manasik badhaean door ho jaeangi aur usaka vah tej pun: prakat hoga, jisaki sansar sadaiv se pratiksha kar raha hai. yah kam kisi grah se ane vala koee prani nahian karega, balki ise ham bharatiyoan ko karana hoga.
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
| kramaank | lekh ka nam | lekhak |
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