अंत्याधार
aantyadhar pul ke chhoroan par eeant, simeant adi ki bani un bhari sanrachanaoan ko kahate haian, jo puloan ki dab ya pratikriya sahan karati haian. bahudha charoan or divarean banakar bich mean mitti bhar di jati hai. oordhvadhar bhar sahane ke atirikt aantyadhar pul ko age-pichhe khisakane se aur ek bagal bojh p dane par pul ki aianthane ki pravritti ko bhi rokate haian.[1]
prakar
eetean chunakar ya sade kankrit se ya ispat ki chh doan se sudridh kie[2] kankrit se ye banate haian. aantyadhar kee prakar ke hote haian, jaise-
- sidhe aantyadhar
- sudridh ki gee kankrit ki divarean
- sadridh kiye ge simeant ke pushte[3]
- sudridh kiye ge simeant ke koshthamay khokhale aantyadhar[4]
sanrachana
bagali divarean[5] aur javabi divarean[6] sabhi alag bana di jati haian, kabhi aantyadhar mean ju di huee banaee jati haian. sanrachana ko itana bhari aur dridh hona chahie ki pul ki dab se vah ulat n jae aur aisa n ho ki vah apani nianv par ya bich ke kisi radde par khisak jae. yah dhyan rakhana chahie ki sanrachana athava nianv ke kisi bhi sthan par mahattam svikrit bal se adhik bal n p de. dab adi ki ganana karate samay is bat ka bhi dhyan rakhana chahie ki pul par ati-jati ga diyoan ke karan bal kitana adhik badh jaega. jahaan agal-bagal pakki divarean banakar bich mean mitti bhari jati hai, vahaan aisa vishvas kiya jata hai ki lagabhag 10 phut lanbi sudridh kie kankrit ki patan[7] dal dene se mitti ke khisakane ka dar nahian rahata. agal-bagal ki divaroan par mukke[8] chho d dene chahie, jisamean mitti mean ghuse pani ko bahane ka marg mil jae aur is prakar mitti ke dab ke sath pani ka atirikt dab divaroan par n p de.[1]
sadharanat: samajha jata hai ki divar ke kisi biandu par tanav nahian p dana chahie, kyoanki ve keval sanpi danajanit bal hi sanbhal sakati haian, parantu yadi sudridhikrit kankrit se tanav sah sakane vali aisi divar banaee jae, jisamean sanpi danajanit bal ko keval kankrit[9] apani poori sima tak sahan karata hai, to kharch kam p data hai.
divarean
aantyadhar ki divaroan ki parikalpana[10] mean yah mana jata hai ki oopar pul ka pat sanbhale hue haian aur niche nianv, ya yah mana jata hai ki ve to da[11] haian. b de puloan ke bhari aantyadharoan ki parikalpana sthir karane ke pahale vahaan ki mitti ki jaanch savadhani se karani chahie. yadi avashyakata pratit ho to khooante[12] ya koop[13] ga dakar un par nianv rakhani chahie.
kam kharch ke upae
pul banane mean aantyadharoan par bhi bahut kharch ho jata hai. is kharch ko kam karane ke lie nimnalikhit upayoan ka upayog kiya ja sakata hai-
- pul par ane vali s dak ki mitti pul ke itane pas tak dali jae ki pul ka aantim paya mitti mean doob jae aur phir vahaan se bharav dhaloo hota hua nadi tal tak pahuanche. dhaloo bharav ya mitti ka ho, ya kam se kam dhoanke aur mitti ki tah se surakshit ho aur bhoomi ke pas nati divar[14] banaee jae.
- pul ke aantim bayaang[15] bahut chhote hoan, jisamean unako sanbhalane ke lie chhichhale aantyadharoan ki avashyakata p de.[1]
aantyadhar paya
un aantyadharoan ka bhi dhyan rakhana chahie, jo puloan ke to dedar chhoroan[16] ko sthir karane ke lie prayukt hote haian, ya jhoola puloan ko dridh karane vale gardaroan ke siroan ko sthir karane ke lie prayukt hote haian. puloan ke payoan mean se bich mean p dane vale un payoan ko 'aantyadhar paya' kahate haian, jo asapas ke bayaangoan ke bharoan ko sanbhal sakane ke atirikt keval ek or ke bayaang ke kul achal bojh ko poornat: sanbhal sakate haian. meharaboan se bane puloan mean sadharanat: pratyek chautha ya paanchavaan paya aantyadhar paya manakar adhik dridh banaya jata hai, jisaka uddeshy yah hota hai ki ek bayaang ke tootane par sara pul hi n toot jae.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 aantyadhar (hindi) bharatakhoj. abhigaman tithi: 12 agast, 2014.
- ↑ riinphorsd
- ↑ kauantaraphort riteniang vals
- ↑ selular h aauli abatameant
- ↑ viang vals
- ↑ ritarn vals
- ↑ slaib
- ↑ chhed
- ↑ n ki usamean p da ispat
- ↑ dizain
- ↑ kaitilivar
- ↑ pail
- ↑ khokhale khanbhe
- ↑ to val
- ↑ spain
- ↑ kaiantilivar eands