अदालत
adalat 'arabi bhasha' ka shabd hai jisaka samanarthavachi hiandi shabd 'nyayalay' hai. samanyataya adalat ka tatpary us sthan se hai jahaan par nyay prashasan kary hota hai, parantu bahudha isaka prayog nyayadhish ke arth mean bhi hota hai. bolachal ki bhasha mean adalat ko 'kachahari' bhi kahate haian.
itihas
bharatiy nyayalayoan ki vartaman pranali kisi vishesh prachin paranpara se sanbaddh nahian hai. mugal kal mean do pramukh nyayalayoan ka ullekh milata hai sadar divani adalat tatha sadar nijam e adalat, jahaan kramash vyavaharavad tatha aparadhik mamaloan ki sunavaee hoti thi. sanh 1857 ee. ke asaphal svatantray yuddh ke pashchath aangrezi nyay-prashasan-pranali ke adhar par vibhinn nyayalayoan ki srishti huee. ianglaiand mean sthit privi kauansil bharat ki sarvochch nyayalay thi. sanh 1947 ee. mean desh svatantr hua aur tatpashchath bharatiy sanvidhan ke aantargat sanpoorn-prabhutv sanpann ganarajy ki sthapana huee. uchchatam nyayalay (suprim kort) desh ka sarvochch nyayalay bana.
vargikaran
nyayalayoan ko unake bhedanusar vibhinn vargoan mean baanta ja sakata hai, jaise uchch tatha nimn nyayalay, abhilekh nyayalay tatha ve jo abhilekh nyayalay nahian hai, vyavaharik, rajasv tatha dand nyayalay, pratham nyayalay tatha apil nyayalay aur sainik tatha anyany nyayalay. uchchatam nyayalay desh ka sarvochch abhilekh nyayalay hai. pratyek rajy mean ek abhilekh nyayalay hai. rajy ke samast nyayalay usake adhin haian. rajasv parishadh (bord aauv revenyoo) rajasv sanbandhi mamaloan ko pradeshik sarvochch abhilekh nyayalay hai. katipay mamaloan ko chho dakar uparyukt nyayalayoan ko apil sanbandhi kshetradhikar hai.
zile mean pradhan nyayalay zila nyayadhish ka hai. any nyayalay karyakshetranusar is prakar hai-
- vyavaharik nyayalay, jaise sivil jaj tatha muansiph ke nyayalay aur laghuvad nyayalay (kort aauv smal kajej).
- dand nyayalay, jaise zila dandadhikari (distrikt maijistret), any dandadhikariyoan ke nyayalay tatha satr nyayalay (kort aauv seshans)
- rajasv nyayalay, jaise ziladhish (kalaktar) tatha ayukt (kamishnar) ke nyayalay.
- panchayati adalat- ye simit kshetradhikar vale gram nyayalay haian.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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