अद्वैतवाद
advaitavad
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| vivaran | 'advaitavad' sanatan darshan vedaant ke sabase prabhavashali matoan mean se ek hai. advaitamat ke anusar jiv aur brahma ki bhinnata ka karan maya hai, jise avidya bhi kahate haian. |
| sansthapak | gau dapadachary |
| vishesh | madhyakalin darshanik shankarachary ne gau dapad ke siddhaantoan ke adhar par mukhyat: vedaant sootroan par apani tika 'sharirik-mimaansa-bhashy' mean is mat ka vikas kiya tha. |
| sanbandhit lekh | gau dapad, shankarachary |
| any janakari | advaitamat ke anusar maya ke sambandh se hi brahma jiv kahalata hai. yah mayaroop upadhi anadikal se hi brahma ko lagi huee hai aur is avidya ke karan hi jiv, apane apako brahma se bhinn samajhata hai. |
advaitavad (sanskrit shabd, arthath 'ekatvavad' ya 'do n hona'), bharat ke sanatan darshan vedaant ke sabase prabhavashali matoan mean se ek hai. isake anuyayi manate haian ki upanishadoan mean isake siddhaantoan ki poori abhivyakti hai aur yah vedaant sootroan ke dvara vyasthit hai. jahaan tak isake upalabdh path ka prashn hai, isaka aitihasik aranbh maandook upanishad par chhand roop mean likhit tika 'maandooky karika' ke lekhak gau dapad se ju da hua hai.
sthapana
'advaitavad' vicharadhara ki niv gau dapadachary ne 215 karikayoan (shlokoan) se ki thi. inake shishy govindachary hue aur unake shishy dakshin bharat mean janme svami shankarachary hue, jinhoanne in karikayoan ka bhashy racha tha. yahi vichar 'advaitavad' ke nam se prasiddh hua tha. svami shankarachary atyant prakhar buddhi ke advitiy vidvanh the, jinhoanne bharat mean phail rahe nastik bauddh aur jain mat ko shastrarth mean parast kar vaidik dharm ki raksha ki. unake prachar se bharat mean nastik mat to samapt ho gaya, par 'mayavad' arthath 'advaitavad' ki sthapana ho gayi.[1]
gau dapad dvara vyakhya
gau dapad satavian shatabdi se poorv, shayad pahali paanch shatabdiyoan ke kalakhand mean kabhi hue the. kaha jata hai ki unhoanne bauddh mahayan ke shoonyata darshan ko apana adhar banaya tha. unhoanne tark diya ki 'dvait' hai hi nahian; mastishk jagrit avastha ya svapn mean maya mean hi vicharan karata hai; aur sirph 'advait' hi param saty hai. maya ki ajnanata ke karan yah saty chhipa hua hai. kisi vastu ka svayan ya kisi any vastu se kisi vastu ka astitv mean ana hai hi nahian. aantat: koee vaiyaktik sv ya jiv nahian hai, keval atman ya paramatma hai, jisamean jiv asthayi roop se aankit ho jata hai, bilkul usi tarah jaise poornakash ka ek aansh kisi patr mean bhar jata hai aur patr ke tootane par vah vaiyaktik akash phir se poornakash ka aansh ho hata hai.
shankarachary ka tark
madhyakalin darshanik 'shankar' ya shankarachary (lagabhag 700-750) ne gau dapad ke siddhaantoan ke adhar par mukhyat: vedaant sootroan par apani tika 'sharirik-mimaansa-bhashy' mean is mat ka vikas kiya. shankar ne tark diya ki upanishad brahm (param tattv) ki prakriti ki shiksha dete hai aur sirph advait brahm hi param saty hai. shankarachary ke kee anuyayiyoan ne unakean karyoan ko jari rakha aur vistar pradan kiya, jinamean nauvian shatabdi ke darshanik vachaspati mishr ullekhaniy haian. advait sahity behad vistrit hai aur hindoo vicharadhara mean yah pramukh bhoomika ada karata hai. svami shankarachary brahma ke do roop manate haian, ek avidya upadhi sahit haian, jo jiv kahalata haian aur doosara sab prakar ki upadhiyoan se rahit shuddh brahma hai. avidya ki avastha mean hi upasy, upasak adi sab vyavahar haian aur jab jiv avidya se rahit hokar 'ahamh brahmasmi' arthath 'mean brahma hooan', is avastha ko pahuanch jata haian to jiv ka jivapan nasht ho jata hai.
maya ka svaroop
advaitamat ke anusar maya ke sambandh se hi brahma jiv kahalata hai. yah mayaroop upadhi anadikal se hi brahma ko lagi huee hai aur is avidya ke karan hi jiv, apane apako brahma se bhinn samajhata hai. svami shankarachary ke anusar maya ko parameshvar ki shakti, trigunatmika, anadiroopa, avidya ka nam diya gaya hai. ise anirvachaniy[2] mana gaya hai.
jagat mithya
advaitamat ke anusar jagath mithya hai. jis prakar svapn joothe hote haian tatha aandhere mean rassi ko dekhakar saanp ka bhram hota hai, usi prakar is bhranti, avidya, ajnan ke karan hi jiv, is mithya sansar ko saty man raha hai. vastav mean n koee sansar ki utpatti, n pralay, n koee sadhak, n koee mumukshu (mukti) chahane vala hai, keval brahma hi saty hai aur kuchh nahian. advaitamat ke anusar yah aantaratma n karta hai, n bhokta hai, n dekhata hai, n dikhata hai. yah nishkriy hai. soory ke pratibimb ki bhaanti, jivoan ki kriyaean, buddhi par chidabhas[3] se ho rahi haian.[1]
maya ki samiksha
advaitamat ke anusar jiv aur brahma ki bhinnata ka karan maya hai, jise avidya bhi kahate haian. jis samay jiv se avidya door ho jati hai, us samay vah brahma ho jata hai. hamara pratham akshep hai ki yadi avidya brahma ka svabhavik gun hai, tab to avidya ka nash nahian ho sakata, kyooanki svabhavik gun sada hi apane ashrit dravy ke adhar par sthir rahata hai. yadi yah avidya nemaitik hai to kis nimit se brahma ka avidya se sanpark hua. yadi koee aur nimit mana jaye to brahma ke sath us nimit ko bhi nity manana p dega aur use nity manane par dvait siddh hota hai. phir advaitavad nahian rahata. doosare is avidya ka nash vedadi shastroan ke jnan dvara hota hai to phir vah nirupadhi brahma ved jnan ko kaise utpann karata hai?
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 ved aur advaitavad (hindi) agnivir phen. abhigaman tithi: 21 agast, 2014.
- ↑ jo kahian n ja sake
- ↑ chaitany pratibimb chhaya (Reflection)
sanbandhit lekh
