अधिक मास

भारत डिस्कवरी प्रस्तुति
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adhik mas
vivaran 'adhik mas' ka hindoo dharm mean b da hi mahattv mana gaya hai. bharat mean khagoliy ganana ke anusar pratyek tisare varsh ek adhik mas hota hai.
any nam 'adhimas', 'malamas', 'malimluch', 'sansarp', 'aanhaspati' ya 'aanhasaspati', 'purushottamamas'.
kya karean is mah mean vrat, dan, pooja, havan, dhyan adi karane se pap karm samapt ho jate haian aur kie ge punyoan ka phal kee guna prapt hota hai.
vishesh 'malamas' ya 'adhik mas' ka koee svami nahian hota, at: is mah mean sabhi prakar ke maangalik kary, shubh evan pitrikary varjit mane ge haian.
any janakari devi bhagavat puran ke anusar 'malamas' mean kie gaye sabhi shubh karmo ka anant guna phal prapt hota hai. is mah mean 'bhagavat' katha shravan ki bhi vishesh mahatta hai. adhik mas mean tirth sthaloan par snan ka bhi mahattv hai.

purushottam, mal ya adhik mas
bharatiy panchaang (khagoliy ganana) ke anusar pratyek tisare varsh ek adhik mas hota hai. yah saur aur chandr mas ko ek saman lane ki ganitiy prakriya hai. shastroan ke anusar purushottam mas mean kie ge jap, tap, dan se anant punyoan ki prapti hoti hai. soory ki barah sankraanti hoti haian aur isi adhar par hamare chandr par adharit 12 mah hote haian. har tin varsh ke aantaral par adhik mas ya malamas ata hai. shastranusar-

yasmin chaandre n sankranti: so adhimaso nigahyate
tatr mangal karyani naiv kuryat kadachanh.
yasmin mase dvi sankranti kshay: mas: s kathyate
tasmin shubhani karyani yatnat: parivarjayet..

adhik mas kya hai?

  • jis mah mean soory sankraanti nahian hoti vah adhik mas hota hai. isi prakar jis mah mean do soory sankraanti hoti hai vah kshay mas kahalata hai.
  • in donoan hi masoan mean maangalik kary varjit mane jate haian, parantu dharm-karm ke kary puny phaladayi hote haian. saur varsh 365.2422 din ka hota hai jabaki chandr varsh 354.327 din ka hota hai. is tarah donoan ke kaileandar varsh mean 10.87 din ka farq a jata hai aur tin varsh mean yah aantar 1 mah ka ho jata hai. is asamanata ko door karane ke lie adhik mas evan kshay mas ka niyam banaya gaya hai.

adhik mas kyoan v kab

yah ek khagolashastriy tathy hai ki soory 30.44 din mean ek rashi ko par kar leta hai aur yahi soory ka saur mahina hai. aise barah mahinoan ka samay jo 365.25 din ka hai, ek saur varsh kahalata hai. chandrama ka mahina 29.53 dinoan ka hota hai jisase chandr varsh mean 354.36 din hi hote haian. yah aantar 32.5 mah ke bad yah ek chandr mah ke barabar ho jata hai. is samay ko samayojit karane ke lie har tisare varsh ek adhik mas hota hai. ek amavasya se doosari amavasya ke bich kam se kam ek bar soory ki sankraanti hoti hai. yah prakritik niyam hai. jab do amavasya ke bich koee sankraanti nahian hoti to vah mah badha hua ya adhik mas hota hai. sankraanti vala mah shuddh mah, sankraanti rahit mah adhik mah aur do amavasya ke bich do sankraanti ho jayean to kshay mah hota hai. kshay mas kabhi kabhi hota hai.

adhik mas ke vividh sandarbh

  • adhik mas kee namoan se vikhyat hai - adhimas, malamas, malimluch, sansarp, aanhaspati ya aanhasaspati, purushottamamas. inaki vyakhya avashyak hai. yah drashtavy hai ki bahut prachin kal se adhik mas nindy thaharaye ge haian.
  • aitarey brahman [1] mean aya haiah 'devoan ne som ki lata 13vean mas mean kharidi, jo vyakti ise bechata hai vah patit hai, 13vaan mas phaladayak nahian hota.'
  • taitariy sanhita mean 13vaan mas 'sansarp' evan 'aanhaspati' [2] kaha gaya hai.
  • rrigved mean 'aanhash' ka tatpary pap se hai. yah atirikt mas hai, atah adhimas ya adhik mas nam p d gaya hai. ise malamas isalie kaha jata hai ki manoan yah kal ka mal hai.
  • atharvaved [3] mean 'malimluch' aya hai, kintu isaka arth spasht nahian hai.
  • kathasanhita [4] mean bhi isaka ullekh hai.
  • pashchatkalin sahity mean 'malimluch' ka arth hai 'chor'. [5].
  • malamasatattv [6] mean yah vyutpatti haiah 'mali sanh mlochati gachchhatiti malimluchah' arthath 'malin (ganda) hone par yah age badh jata hai'. 'sansarp' evan 'aanhasaspati' shabd vajasaneyi sanhita [7] mean tatha 'aanhasaspatiy vajasaneyi sanhita [8] mean ae haian. [9].
  • 'aanhasaspati' ka shabdik arth hai 'pap ka svami'. pashchatkalin lekhakoan ne 'sansarp' evan 'aanhasaspati' mean antar vyakt kiya hai. jab ek varsh mean do adhimas hoan aur ek kshay mas ho to donoan adhimasoan mean pratham 'sansarp' kaha jata hai aur yah vivah ko chho dakar any dharmik krityoan ke lie nindy mana jata hai. aanhasaspati kshay mas tak simit hai. kuchh puranoan mean[10] adhimas purushottam mas (vishnu ko purushottam kaha jata hai) kaha gaya hai aur sambhav hai, adhimas ki nindyata ko kam karane ke lie aisa nam diya gaya hai.
  • dharmashastriy granthoan mean adhimas ke vishay par bahut kuchh likha hua hai-
  • agni puran [11] mean aya hai - vaidik agniyoan ko prajvalit karana, moorti-pratishtha, yajn, dan, vrat, sankalp ke sath ved-path, saan d chho dana (vrishotsarg), choo dakaran, upanayan, namakaran, abhishek adhimas mean nahian karana chahie.
  • hemadri [12] ne varjit evan many krityoan ki lambi-lambi soochiyaan di haian.[13].
  • samany niyam yah hai ki malamas mean nity karmoan evan naimittik karmoan (kuchh vishisht avasaroan par kie jane vale karmoan) ko karate rahana hi chahie, yatha sandhya, pooja, panchamahayajn (brahmayajn, vaishvadev adi), agni mean havi dalana (agnihotr ke roop mean), grahan-snan (yadyapi yah naimittik hai), antyeshti karm (naimittik). yadi shastr kahata hai ki yah krity (yatha som yajn) nahian karana chahie to use adhimas mean sthagit kar dena chahie. yah bhi samany niyam hai ki kamy (nity nahian, vah jise kisi phal ki prapti ke lie kiya jata hai) karm nahian karana chahie. kuchh apavad bhi haian, yatha kuchh karm, jo adhimas ke poorv hi arambh ho ge hoan (yatha 12 dinoan vala prajapaty prayashchit, ek mas vala chandrayan vrat), adhimas tak bhi chalae ja sakate haian. yadi dubhiksh ho, varsha n ho rahi ho to usake lie 'kariri ishti' adhimas mean bhi karana mana nahian hai, kyoanki aisa n karane se hani ho jane ki sambhavana rahati hai. ye batean kalanirnay-karikaoan (21-24) mean varnit haian.[14]
  • kuchh batean malamas ke lie hi vyavasthit haian, yatha pratidin ya kam se kam ek din brahmanoan ko 33 apoopoan (poooan) ka dan karana chahie.
  • kuchh aise karm haian jo shuddh masoan mean hi karaniy haian, yatha vapi evan t dag (bavali evan talab) khudavana, koop banavana, yajn karm, mahadan evan vrat.
  • kuchh aise karm haian jo adhimas evan shuddh mas, donoan mean kie ja sakate haian, yatha garbh ka krity (puansavan jaise sanskar), byaj lena, parishramik dena, mas-shraddh (amavasya par), ahnik dan, antyeshti kriya, nav-shraddh, magha nakshatr ki trayodashi par shraddh, solah shraddh, chandr evan saur grahanoan par snan, nity evan naimittik krity [15].
  • jis prakar hamare yahaan 13vean mas (malamas) mean dharmik krity varjit haian, pashchim deshoan mean 13vian sankhya abhagyasoochak mani jati hai, visheshatah mej par 13 chizoan ki sankhya.

ganana ka adhar

kal nirdharan mean ‘varsh’ ki ganana ka mukhy adhar soory ke charoan or prithvi ka bhraman hai. isase rrituean banati haian. at: saur varsh ka spashtat: rrituoan ke sath sambandh hai. ek varsh mean pray: 365.256363 din hote haian. saur man ke anusar ek saur sankraannti se doosari saur sankraannti tak ka samay ek saur mas hota hai kintu bharatiy paddhati ke anusar 'chandrama' se 'mas' ganana ko nirdharit kiya jata hai, jisaka man ek amavasya se doosari amavasya tak (amant man ke anusar) athava ek poornamasi se doosari poornamasi tak (poornimant man ke anusar) hota hai. savan ke dinoan mean chandraman ki avadhi lagabhag 29.5306 din hoti hai. at: barah chandr mas vale chandravarsh mean pray: 354.3672 din hote haian. is prakar chandr varsh nirayan saur varsh se lagabhag 11 din kam hota hai kintu varsh ki ganana saur varsh se hi ki jati hai. bharatiy acharyoan ne khagoliy vaijnanik vidhi se chandr evan saur manakoan mean samanjasy karane ke lie 'adhimas' ya 'malamas' jo dane ki vidhi ka vikas kiya, jisase hamare vrat, parvotsav adi ka sambandh rrituoan aur chandr tithiyoan se hi bana raha. is paddhati ka prachalan vaidik kal se hi prapt hota hai. vahaan barah masoan ke sath terahavean mas ki kalpana spashtataya prapt hoti hai[16]. us samay mean bhi saur aur mas chandr mas the. varsh ganana ka sahaj sadhan rrituoan ka ek paribhramanakal aur mas ganana ka sahaj sadhan chandrama ke do bar poorn hone ki avadhi hai. yahi chandr saur pranali vikasit roop mean hamare yahaan ke paramparagat panchaangoan mean milati hai.

rrituoan ke ek chakr kal arthath ek varsh mean char bindu khagoliy drishtikon se mahattvapoorn haian jo kramash: sayan mesh, kark, tula aur makar saur sankraanti haian. inamean se mesh evan tula sankraman ko arthath 21 march aur 22 sitanbar ko din aur ratri barabar hote haian jabaki kark sankraman ( 21 joon) ko sabase b da din aur sabase chhoti rat aur makar sankraman ( 22 disambar) ko sabase chhota din aur sabase b di rat hoti hai. in kaloan mean jaivik prakriya mean atyadhik sakriyata evan parivartan drishtigochar hote haian. at: in binduoan ke asann kal mean shakti, oorja, manasvita ityadi ki prapti hetu shaktipoojan upayukt pratit hota haian.

basant rritu ko vedoan mean sanvatsar ka mukh kaha gaya hai[17]. isalie basant rritu mean varsharambh hona chahie. hamare vrat, parvotsav ka nirdharan chandraman ke anusar hi hota hai, basant rritu aur mesh sankraman ka sambandh chandramasoan mean ‘chaitr’ mas hai. 'chaitr' mas se hi chandramasoan ki ganana ki jati hai at: 'chaitr mas' se hi varsharambh mana jata hai. vaidik kal mean bhi varsharambh chaitr mas athava vedokt madhumas mean manaye jane ka praman milata hai. chandramas ka mukhyaman amant hai isilie 'shukl pratipada' se hi varsh ki pravritti mani gee hai. is prakar 'chaitr shukl pratipada' ko chandr saur paddhati ke anusar kalaganana ke anusar 'varsharambh' svikrit kiya gaya hai. bharatiy jyotish siddhant mean chandr saur paddhati ke karan ‘chaitr shukl pratipada’ hi varsharambh ke roop mean mani jati hai. kaliyug saptarshi-vikram-shak-gupt prabhriti bharatiy sanvatsaroan ki chandr-saur ganana ka prarambh bindu bhi ukt kal hi hai. in sanvatsaroan mean vikram evan shak kal ka hi adhik chalan hai. vikram sanvath ‘malav’ evan krith’ nam se bhi kee sthaloan par ullikhit hai. bangal ko chho dakar sampoorn uttar bharat mean isaka prachalan hai. 'vikram sanvath' lokapriyata ke karan ‘sanvath’ nam se bhi prachalit hai. jyotish siddhant mean khagoliy ganana ke lie pray: shak kal ka hi prayog kiya jata hai.

paramparagat shruti hai ki raja shalivahan ne sanh 78 ee. mean shakoan ko parast kar vijay smriti ke roop mean shak kal ko prarambh kiya tha, kuchh vidvanh shakoan ke dvara hi shak sanvat ka prarambh manate haian.

adhik mas mean kya karean

is mah mean vrat, dan, pooja, havan, dhyan karane se pap karm samapt ho jate haian aur kie ge punyoan ka phal kee guna prapt hota hai. devi bhagavat puran ke anusar malamas mean kie gaye sabhi shubh karmo ka anant guna phal prapt hota hai. is mah mean bhagavat katha shravan ki bhi vishesh mahatta hai. purushottam mas mean tirth sthaloan par snan ka bhi mahattv hai.

purushottam mas kaise hua

hamare panchaang mean tithi, var, nakshatr evan yog ke atirikt sabhi mas ke koee n koee devata ya svami haian, parantu malamas ya adhik mas ka koee svami nahian hota, at: is mah mean sabhi prakar ke maangalik kary, shubh evan pitri kary varjit mane ge haian.

puran mean

adhik mas svami ke na hone par vishnulok pahuanche aur bhagavan shrihari se anurodh kiya ki sabhi mah apane svamiyoan ke adhipaty mean haian aur unase prapt adhikaroan ke karan ve svatantr evan nirbhay rahate haian. ek maian hi bhagyahin hooan jisaka koee svami nahian hai, at: he prabhu mujhe is pi da se mukti dilaie. adhik mas ki prarthana ko sunakar shri hari ne kaha 'he malamas mere aandar jitane bhi sadgun haian vah maian tumhean pradan kar raha hooan aur mera vikhyat nam 'purushottam' maian tumhean de raha hooan aur tumhara maian hi svami hooan.' tabhi se malamas ka nam purushottam mas ho gaya aur bhagavan shri hari ki kripa se hi is mas mean bhagavan ka kirtan, bhajan, dan-puny karane vale mrityu ke pashchath shri hari dham ko prapt hote haian.

poojan vidhi

pavitr sthan par akshat se asht dal banakar jal ka kalash sthapit karana chahie. bhagavan radha-krishna ki pratima rakhakar podara vidhi se poojan karean aur katha shravan ki jae. sandhya samay dipadan karana chahie. mah ke aant mean dhatu ke patr mean 30 ki sankhya mean mishthann rakhakar dan kiya jae.

purushottam mas mean bhakt bhaanti-bhaanti ka dan karake puny phal prapt karate haian. mandiroan mean katha-puran ke ayojan kie jate haian. divangatoan ki shaanti aur kalyan ke lie poore mah jal seva karane ka sankalp liya jata hai. mitti ke kalash mean jal bhar kar dan kiya jata hai. kharabooza, am, tarabooz sahit any mausami phaloan ka dan karana chahie. mah mean snan kar vidhipoorvak poojan-archan katha shravan karana chahie.


panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ aitarey brahman 3|1
  2. ↑ taitariy sanhita 1|4|4|1 evan 6|5|3|4
  3. ↑ atharvaved 8|6|2
  4. ↑ kathasanhita 38|14
  5. ↑ rrigved 10|136|2, vajasaneyi sanhita (22|30), shaankhayan shrautasootr (6|12|15
  6. ↑ malamasatattv pri0 768
  7. ↑ vajasaneyi sanhita 22|30 evan 31
  8. ↑ vajasaneyi sanhita 7|31
  9. ↑ taitariy sanhita (1|4|14|1 evan 6|5|3|4
  10. ↑ padm puran, 6|64
  11. ↑ agni puran 175|29-30
  12. ↑ hemadri, kal, pri0 36-63
  13. ↑ nirnayasindhu (pri0 10-15) evan dharmasindhu (pri0 5-7
  14. ↑

    kamyarambhan tatsamaptian vivarjayeth.
    arabdhan malamasath prakh krichchhran chandradikan tu yath.
    tatsamapyan savanasy manasyanatilanghanath..
    arambhasy samapteshch madhye syachchenmalimluchah.
    pravrittamakhilan kamyan tadanushtheyamev tu..
    kariryadi tu yatkamyan tasyarambhasamapane karyakalavilambasy pratikshaya asambhavath..
    ananyagatikan nityamagnihotradi n tyajeth.
    gatyantarayutan nityan somayagadi varjayeth.. - kalanirnay-karika (21-24).

  15. ↑ hemadri, kal, pri0 52; samay prakash, pri0 145
  16. ↑ va.san. 7/30, 22/31 tai. san. 1/4/14, 5/6/7, tai.vra. 3/8/3
  17. ↑ taitariy brahman 1/1/2/6,7

sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
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