अनिषेक जनन

anishek janan adhikaansh jantuoan mean prajanan ki kriya ke lie sansechan (viry ka aand se milana) anivary hai; parantu kuchh aise bhi jantu haian jinamean bina sansechan ke prajanan ho jata hai, isako anishek janan kahate haian. kuchh machhaliyoan ko chho dakar kisi bhi prishthavanshi mean anishek janan nahian paya jata aur n kuchh b de b de kitagan, jaise vyadhapatangagan (odoneta) tatha bhinnapakshanugan (hetaroshtara) mean. kuchh aise bhi jantu haian jinamean prajanan sarvatha (athava lagabhag sarvatha) anishek janan dvara hi hota hai, jaise dvijananik viddhapatra (daijenetik tremaidods), kirotavarg (rotiphars), jalapianshu (vatar fli) tatha druyooka (aifid) mean. shalkipaksha (lepidoptara) mean anishek janan birale hi milata hai, kiantu syoonashalabhavansh (sikids) ki kee ek jatiyoan mean paya jata hai. ghunoan ke kuchh anuvanshoan mean bhi anishek janan pray: paya jata hai.

prajanan, lianganishchayan, tatha koshikatatv (sait aauloji) ki drishti se kee prakar ke anishek jananatantr pahachane ja sakate haian. prajanan ki drishti se anishek janan ka nimnalikhit vargikaran ho sakata hai :
a. akasmik anishek janan mean asansikt aanda kabhi kabhi vikasit ho jata hai.

a. samany anishek janan nimnalikhit prakaroan ka hota hai:

1. anivary anishek janan mean aanda sarvada bina sansechan ke vikasit hota hai:

k. poorn anishek janan mean sab pidhi ke vyaktiyoan mean anishek janan paya jata hai.

kh. chakrik anishek janan mean ek athava adhik anishek janit pidhiyoan ke bad ek dviliang pidhi ati rahati hai.

2. vaikalpik anishek janan mean aanda ya to sansikt hokar vikasit hota hai ya anishek janan dvara.

lianganishchay ke vichar se anishek janan tin prakar ke hote hai:

k. puanjanan (airin aautoki) mean asansikt aande anishek janan dvara vikasit hokar nar jantu banate haian. sansikt aande mada jantu banate haian.

kh. strijanan (theliotoki) mean asansikt aande vikasit hokar mada jantu banate haian.

g. ubhayajanan (deantarotoki, aianfitoki) mean asansikt aande vikasit hokar kuchh nar aur kuchh mada banate haian.

koshikatatv ki drishti se anishek janan kee prakar ka hota hai:

k. ardhak anishek janan mean anishek janan dvara utpann jantu un aandoan se vikasit hote haian jinamean keandrak sootroan (kromosomoan) ka hhras hota hai aur keandrak sootroan ki matra adhi ho jati hai. yah do vidhi se hota hai:

kh. tanoo anishek janan mean anishek janan dvara utpann jantuoan mean keandrakasootroan ki sankhya dvigun athava bahugun hoti hai. yah do vidhiyoan se hota hai:

(1) svatassansechak (aautomiktik) anishek janan mean niyamit roop se keandrak sootroan ka yugmanubandh (sinaipsis) tatha hhras hota hai aur keandrak sootroan ki sankhya aandoan mean adhi ho jati hai. parantu keandrak sootroan ki matra, do ardhakeandrakoan (nyookliaee) ke sammelan (fyoojhan) se pun: sthapit (restityooted) keandrak ke nirman athava aantarbhajan (eandomaitosis) dvara pun: badh jati hai.

(2) amaithuni (aipomiktik) anishek janan mean n to keandrak sootroan ki matra mean hras hota hai aur n ardhak anishek janan aandoan mean keandrak sootroan ka yugmanubandh aur hhras hota hai. aise aandoan ka yadi sansechan hota hai to ve vikasit hokar mada ban jate haian aur yadi sansechan nahian hota to ve nar banate haian. is karan ek hi mada ke aande vikasit hokar nar bhi ban sakate haian aur mada bhi. ardhak anishek janan ka phal is karan sada hi vaikalpik evan puanjanan (airin aautokas) hota hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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