अनुविधि

anuvidhi rajy ki prabhutvasanpann shakti dvara nirmit kanoon ko kahate haian. anyany deshoan mean anuvidhi nirman ki prithakh‌-prithakh‌ pranaliyaan haian jo vastut: us rajy ki shasanapranali ke anuroop hoti haian.

aangreji anuvidhi

aangreji kanoon mean jo anuvidhi hai usamean sanh‌ 1235 ee. ka 'staityoot aauv martan' sabase prachin hai. praranbh mean sabhi anuvidhiyaan sarvajanik hua karati thian. richard tritiy ke kal mean isaki do shakhaean ho gee-sarvajanik anuvidhi tatha niji anuvidhi. vartaman anuvidhiyaan char shroniyoan mean vibhakt haian:-
1. sarvajanik sadharan adhiniyam,
2. sarvajanik sthaniy tatha vyaktigat adhiniyam,
3. niji adhiniyam jo samrath ke mudrak dvara mudrit hote haian,
4. niji adhiniyam jo is prakar mudrit nahian hote. niji adhiniyamoan ka ab vyavahar roop mean lop hota ja raha hai.

bharatiy anuvidhi

prachin bharat mean koee anuvidhi pranali nahian thi. nyay siddhaant evan niyamoan ka ullekh manu, yajnavalky, narad, vyas, brihaspati, katyayan adi smritikaroan ke granthoan mean tatha bad mean unake bhashyoan mean milata haian muslim vidhi pranali mean bhi anuvidhiyaan nahian paee jatian. aangreji rajy ke praranbh mean kuchh anuvidhiyaan 'viniyam' ke roop mean aee. bad mean anek pramukh adhiniyamoan ka nirman hua; jaise 'iandiyan penal kod', 'sivil prosijar kod', 'kriminal prosijar kod', 'evideans aikt' adi sanh‌ 1935 ee. 'gavarnameant aauv iandiya aikt' ke dvara mahatvapoorn vaidhanik parivartan hue. 15 agasth‌ sanh‌ 1947 ee. ko bharat savatantr hua aur sanh‌ 1950 ee. mean svanirmit sanvidhan ke aantargat sanpoorn prabhutvasanpann lokantatratmak ganarajy ban gaya. isake poorvavarti adhiniyamoan ko mukhy roop mean apana liya gaya. taduparaant sansadh tatha rajyoan ke vidhanamandaloan dvara anek atyant mahatvapoorn adhiniyamoan ka nirman hua jinase desh ke rajanitik, vaidhanik, arthik, samajik evan saanskritik kshetroan mean kaantikari parivartan hue.

bharatiy sanvidhan ke anuchchhed 246 ke aantargat sansad tatha rajyoan ke vidhanamandaloan ki vidhi banane ki shakti ka vishay ke adhar par tin vibhinn soochiyoan mean vargikaran kiya gaya hai-
(1) sanghasoochi,
(2) samavarti soochi tatha
(3) rajyasoochi.
sansadh dvara nirmit adhiniyamoan mean rashtrapati tatha rajy ke vidhanamandal dvara nirmit adhiniyamoan mean rajyapal ki svikriti avashyak hai. samavarti soochi mean praganit vishayoan ke sanbandh mean yadi koee adhiniyam rajy ke vidhanamandal dvara banaya jata hai to usamean rashtrapati ki svikriti apekshit hai (dr. bharat ka sanvidhan anuchchhed 245-255).

sadharan:

(1) sarvajanik adhiniyam, jab tak vidhi dvara anyatha upabandh n ho, desh ki samast praja par lagoo hote haian. bharat mean niji adhiniyam nahian hote.
(2) pratyek adhiniyam svikritiprapti ki tithi se chaloo hota hai, jab tak kisi adhiniyam mean any kisi tithi ka ullekh n ho.
(3) koee adhiniyam prayog ke abhav mean aprayukt nahian samajha jata, jab tak usaka nirasan n ho.
(4) anuvidhi ka shirshak, prastavana athava parshvalekh usaka aang nahian hota, yadyapi nirvachan mean unaki sahayata li ja sakati hai.

pray:adhiniyamoan ka vargikaran vishayavastu ke adhar par kiya jata hai; jaise, shashvat tatha asthayi, dandaniy tatha lokahitakari, ajnapak tatha nideshatmak aur sakshamakari tatha ayogyakari.

(6) asthayi adhiniyam svayan usi mean nirdharit tithi ko samapt ho jata hai.

(7) katipay adhiniyam prati varsh parit hote haian.

adhiniyam ka nirvachan:

kisi adhiniyam ke nirvachan ke lie hamean samany vidhi tatha us adhiniyam ka ashray lena hota hai. nirvachan ke mukhy niyam is prakar haian:

(1) adhiniyam ka nirvachan usaki shabdavali ki apeksha usake abhipray tatha uddeshy ke adhar par karana chahie.

adhiniyam ka desh ki samany vidhi se jo sanbandh hai use dhyan mean rakhana chahie.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh