अबूबक्र खलीफा
| chitr:Disamb2.jpg aboobakr | ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- aboobakr (bahuvikalpi) |
aboo bakr usman ke putr jinake upanam 'sik aur atik' bhi the. sunni musalaman inako char pramukh pavitr khaliphaoan mean agrani manatean haian. ye paiganbar muhammad ke praranbhik anuyayiyoan mean se the aur inaki putri ayasha paiganbar ki chaheti patni thi. unhoanne 40,000 diraham ki pooanji se vyapar aranbh kiya tha jo us samay ghatakar 5000 diraham rah gee thi jab unhoanne paiganbar ke sath madina ko prasthan kiya. paiganbar ki mrityu (joon,8,632 ee.) ke pashchath madina ke adivasiyoan ne ek sabha mean lanbe vivad ke pashchath aboo bakr ko paiganbar ka khalipha (uttaradhikari) svikar kiya. ye us samay 60 varsh ke, ikahare sharir, kiantu prabal sahas aur shaktivale vinamr vyakti the. unhean dekhakar guman bhi nahian hota tha ki vah apani do varsh aur tin mas ki khilaphat ki chhoti si avadhi mean islam ke sabase b de khataroan se bacha sakeange.[1]
paiganbar ki mrityu hote hi makka, madina aur taif namak tin nagaroan ke atirikt samast arab pradesh islam vimukh ho gaya. paiganbar dvara lagae ge karoan aur niyukt kie ge karmachariyoan ka logoan ne bahishkar kar diya. tin apramanik purush paiganbar tatha ek apramanik stri paiganbar apana prithakh prachar karane lage. apane ghanishthatam mitroan ke paramarsh ke viruddh aboo bakr ne vidrohi adivasiyoan se samajhauta nahian kiya. 11 sainik dastoan ki sahayata se unhoanne samast arab pradesh ko ek varsh mean niyantrit kiya. musalaman nyayapanditoan ne dharmaparivartan ke aparadh ke lie mrityudand nishchit kiya, kiantu aboo bakr ne un sab jatiyoan ko kshama kar diya jinhoanne islam aur usaki keandriy shakti ko pun: svikar kar liya.
padarohan ke ek varsh ke bhitar hi aboo bakr ne khalid (putr valid) ko, jo sansar ke sarvottam senapatiyoan mean se tha, ajna di ki vah musanna namak senapati ke sath 18,000 sainik lekar irak par chadhaee kare. is sena ne eerani shakti ko anek l daiyoan mean nasht karake babul tak, jo eerani samrajy ki rajadhani madain ke nikat tha, apana adhipaty sthapit kiya. isake bad khalid ne aboo bakr ke ajnanusar irak se siriya ki or kooch kiya aur vahaan marusthal ko par karake vah 30,000 arab sainikoan se ja mila aur 1,00,000 bijantini sena ko philastin ke ajan daiin namak sthan par parast kiya (31 julaee, 634 ee.). kuchh hi dinoan bad aboo bakr ka dehaant ho gaya (23 agast, 624).
shasanavyavastha mean aboo bakr ne paiganbar dvara pratipadit garibi aur asani ke siddhaanto ka anukaran kiya. unaka koee sachivalay aur najakiy kosh nahian tha. kar prapt hote hi vyay kar diya jata tha. vah 5,000 diraham salana svayan liya karate the, kiantu apani mrityu se poorv unhoanne is dhan ko bhi apani niji sanpatti bechakar vapas kar diya.[2]
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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