अभिव्यंजनावाद
thumb|200px|abhivyanjanavadi chitrakala abhivyanjanavad (aangrezi: Expressionism) itali, jarmani aur aaustriya se pradurbhoot pradhanat: madhy yoorop ki ek chitr-moorti-shaili hai, jisaka prayog sahity, nrity aur sinema ke kshetr mean bhi hua hai. siddhaant roop mean isaka sahityik pratipadan itali ke vicharak benedito kroche ne kiya tha.
- abhivyanjanavad ke pradhanatah tin prakar haianah-
- viroopit, yadyapi sarvatha amoort nahian,
- amoort aur
- nav vastuvadi.
- kroche ke anusar "aantahprajna ke kshanoan mean atma ki sahajanubhooti hi abhivyanjana hai". kala ke kshetr mean ise avaan gard (hiraval daste) ke roop mean jana jata hai.
- abhivyanjanavad ki mool sankalpana hai ki kala ka anubhav bijali ki kauandh ki tarah hota hai, atah yah shaili varnanatmak athava chakshush n hokar vishleshanatmak aur abhyantarik hoti hai.
- us bhavavadi shaili ke viparit jisamean kalakar ki abhiruchi prakash aur gati mean hi keandrit hoti hai. yahian tak simit n hokar abhivyanjanavadi prakash ka prayog bahm roop ko bhed bhitar ka tathy prapt kar lene, aantarik saty se sakshatkar karane aur gati ke bhavaprakshepan atmanveshan ke lie karata hai. vah roop, rangadi ke viroopan dvara vastuoan ka svabhavik akar nasht kar anek aantarik avegatmak saty ko dhooandhata hai.
- inamean se pahale varg ke kalakaroan mean pradhan haian kirchanar norld, pekhstin, moolar; doosare mean mark, kaandisaki, kli, jaleanski aur tisare mean oto, diks, jarj grots adi. jarmani se bahar ke abhivyanjanavadiyoan mean pradhan rooal, sootean aur edavar mank haian. abhinyanjanavad lalit kalaoan ke madhyam se sahity mean aya. yahi aandolan itali mean bhavishyadvad (fyoochyoorist) aur kraantipoorv roop mean 'kyoobofyoocharizam' kahalaya is shabd ka sarvapratham prayog phraansisi chitrakar hev ne 1901 mean kiya, ise sahityalochan mean prayukt kiya.
- astriya ke lekhak heraman bahar ne 1914 ee. mean. isaka mool uddeshy tha yaantrikata ke viruddh vidroh. yatharthavad ki parinati prakritivad aur navy romaansavad tatha bianbavad adi se oobakar usaki pratikriya mean abhivyanjanavad chala. isamean aanri bergasaan namak phraansisi darshanik ke 'jivanotplav' aur jivanishakti' (elaan vital) siddhaant ne aur paripushti di. yah bad mean hussirl sahaj jnanashrit kshanikavad dastaphevsaki aur stridavarg ke manavatma ke avishkar adi ke roop mean darshanik pratishtha pata raha . phrayad ke manovishleshan aur chittavikalan ke siddhaanto ne, svapn tatha ardhachetana ke pratikatmak arthabhivyanjan paddhati ne abhivyanjanavad ka aur samarthan kiya. abhivyaktiyoan mean bhi vah apana ashray khojati hai.[1]
- abhivyanjanavadi bejan chijoan ko jianda banakar bulavate haian. yatha-'ganga ke ghat yadi bolean' ya 'burjiyoan ne kaha' ya 'gali ke mo d par letar baks, divar ya myunisipal lalaten ki batachit' adi. unhean jivan ke vartaman ke behad asantosh hota hai, jivan ko ve mrit manakar chalate haian, mritakoan jivit banane ka yatn karate haian. abhivyanjanavadiyoan mean bhi kee prakar haian; kuchh keval aandh aveg ya chalanashakti par jor dete haian, kuchh bauddhikata par, kuchh lekhakoan ne manushy aur prakriti ko samasya ko pradhanata di, kuchh ne manushy aur parameshvar ki samasya ko. is vicharapaddhati ka sabase adhik prabhav yoorop ke naty sahity aur manch par p da. 1912 ee. mean sirje ke di begar ya kaisar ke phram marniang til midanait aise hi natak the. adhikatar abhivyanjanavadi lekhak hitalar ke abhyuday ke sath jarmani se nishkasit kar die ge, yatha arnast talar; any kuchh lekhak yatha johart, hainike, lersh adi, natsi ban ge.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 184 |
- ↑ san.gran.-ech. kartar: di nyoo spirit in di yooropiyan thiyetar 1914-24 (1926); ar. saimuel aiand ar.ech.thamas : ekspreshan in jarman laiph, litarechar aiand di thiyetar, 1910-24 (1939); si. blaikabarn : 'kaantineantal influensez an yoojin o' nils ekspresiv dramaz; si.ee.dablyoo.e. dehalhstrom : skiandabargs draimaitik ekspresizm (1930).