अर्थ -न्याय दर्शन

• nyay darshan mean chautha pramey ka nam arth hai yah indriy ka arth hota hai. kramash: paanch indriyoan se grahan karane yogy paanch vishesh gun - gandh, ras, roop, sparsh tatha shabd ko indriyarth kahate haian. gandh, ras, roop tatha sparsh prithivi ke gun haian.
• ras, roop tatha sparsh jal ke gun haian, roop aur sparsh tejas ke gun haian keval sparsh vayu ka aur keval shabd akash ka gun hai. jis indriy mean jis gun ka utkarsh rahata hai, usase usi gun ka pratyaksh hota hai.
• ghran parthiv dravy hai. usamean yadyapi gandh, roop, ras tatha sparsh in char gunoan ka samavesh rahata hai tathapi gandh ka hi utkarsh rahata hai. atev usase gandh ka hi pratyaksh hota hai. jis dravy tatha jis gun mean pratyaksh ka prayojak dharm rahata hai, us dravy aur gun ka pratyaksh hota hai. keval udbhootattv dharm se yukt roop vishesh aur us roop se yukt dravy ka hi pratyaksh hota hai.
• yadyapi roop chakshush mean bhi hai kintu vah udbhootattv dharm-vishisht nahian hai. atev usaka pratyaksh nahian hota hai. jaise pashan adi anek dravyoan mean gandh rahane par bhi usamean gandh ki utkatata nahian hai, at: usaka pratyaksh nahian hota hai. isi tarah se ghranagat gandh ka bhi pratyaksh nahian hota hai. rasana adi indriyoan mean rahane vale ras adi gunoan ka pratyaksh nahian hota hai. is mat mean indriy ko atindriy mana gaya hai.