अलकपाद
alakapad (siripidiya) kathinivarg (krasteshiya) ke aantargat ek anuvarg ke jiv haian. inamean kee jatiyaan haian. sabhi keval samudr mean rahate haian. kuchh alakapad kha diyoan tatha nadiyoan ke muhanoan mean bhi milate haian. kuchh alakapad parajivi jivan vyatit karate haian. adhikaansh alakapad praudh avastha mean chattanoan ya bahate hue padartho se apane agr bhag (garadan) dvara chipake rahate haian. sadharanataya ye tin ianch lanbe hote haian, kiantu ek jati ke sadasy lagabhag nau ianch lanbe aur sava ianch moti garadan ke hote haian. jahajoan par kabhi kabhi alakapad itani sankhya mean chipak jate haian ki jahaj ka veg adha ho jata hai, ianjanoan mean tel ya koyala bahut kharch hota hai aur mashinoan par anuchit bal p data hai. isalie jahajoan ko naunivesh (d aauk) mean rakhakar bar-bar saph karana p data hai. anuman kiya gaya hai ki is saphaee mean prati varsh pachas karo d rupe se adhik hi kharch hota hoga. kuchh jangali manushy jatiyaanan b de alakapadoan ka maans khati haian. japan ke log samudr mean baans baandh dete haian aur jab unapar paryapt alakapad chipak jate haian to unako khurachakar chhu da lete haian aur khetoan mean khad ki tarah dalate haian. alakapadoan ke sharir apoorn, udar avikasit, ur se nikali tin jo di dvishakhi taangean or ek jo di puchchhakantika (k aaudal stails) hoti hai. aankh nahian hoti aur dianbh (chhota bachcha, larva) sparshasootrakoan (aiantanyools) dvara chipakata hai, parantu praudh avastha mean in sootroan ke chihn matr rah jate haian. sparshasootr (aianteni) bilakul nahian hote. baranekal aur sopinupa alapakad alakapadoan ke parichit udaharan haian. thumb|left|alakapad ka vahay roop baranekal apane eandinuma agrabhag se, jise oopar garadan kaha gaya hai. aur jise aangreji mean peandakal (chhota pair) kahate haian, samudr mean bahate hue padarthoan se chipake rahate haian. sipinuma jatiyoan mean eandivala bhag nahian hota, ye sir ke agrabhag ke chattanoan mean chipake pae jate haian or charoan taraph k de pattoan se ghire rahate haian jantu ka sara sharir, jo muandak (kaipitulam) kahalata hai, dviput charm ke khol se dhanka rahata hai aur yah khol paanch k de pattoan se surakshit rahata hai. dviput khol niche ki or khula rahata hai, jinase dvishakhi taangean nikali rahati haian. khol ke pichhale bhag ki or muanh rahata hai. khane ke samay yah jiv apani taange jaldi jaldi bahar bhitar is prakar nikalata hai aur khianchata hai ki khady vastuean, jo pani mean rahati haian, muanh mean chali jati haian. is tarah vah apana pet bharata hai. chhe dane se taangoan ka chalana band ho jata haian aur khol ke put band ho jate haian. taange roeandar par ki tarah hoti haian aur ve nanhean samudri jivoan ko pak dane mean jal ka kam deti haian. inhian kesh ke saman taangoan ke karan in praniyoan ka nam alakapad p da hai. aangreji shabd siripidiya ka arth thik yahi hai- kesh ke saman pairavale prani.thumb|right|alakapad ki sharir rachana adhikaansh praudh alakapad ubhayaliangi hote haian. ek ka nishechan doosare se,ya apane se hi, hota hai. kuchh jatiyaan aisi bhi haian jinamean yaun sanrachana tin prakar ki hoti hai. skailpelamh jati mean kuchh prani ubhayaliangi, kuchh mada aur kuchh keval nar hi hote haian. mada map aur akar mean to ubhayaliangi prani ke sadrish hoti haian, parantu inamean vrishanakosh (testiz) nahian hote. nar ubhayaliangi aur mada ki apeksha bahut hi chhote hote haian. ye ya to mada ke sanrakshak pattoan ke bhitar ya usake muanh ke pas rahate haian. inaka kary ekaantavasi madaoan ka nishechan karana hota hai.
alakapadoan ka jivan itihas aand se nikale nanhean dianbh (chhote bachche) se praranbh hota hai. tab unamean hath paanv ke badale tin jo di aang hote haian. kee bar kechul badalane ke bad ve ekaek aise roop mean a jate haian jisamean unaka sharir do k de kholoan (prakavach) se dhanka rahata hai. is avastha mean ye poornapuchchhak (saipris) kahalate haian ye apane chhot sparshasootrakoan (aiantenyools) ke chooshakoan se patthar, jahaj, lak di ya janavar (jaise kek de) ke sharir par chipak jate haian. phir ve apane bhitar se nikalanevale chep se apane sar ko b di dridhata se us patthar adi par chipaka lete haian. tab donoan prakavach jh d jate haian aur paanch khandoan ka naya prakavach ug ata hai. pahale ke tin jo di aang ab roeandar pair ho jate haian, aankh mit jati hai, garadan bahut lanbi ho jati hai aur is prakar alakapad apani yuvavastha mean a jata hai.
parajivi alakapad mean do jatiyaan, karkatodar syoonika (saikyoolina karsini) tatha shankhakarkajivi (peltogaistar), visheshakar ullekhaniy haian. karkatodar syoonika parajivi jivan se sharirik adhogati ka jvalant udaharan hai. praudh avastha mean ek visham maansatantr ke dher ki tarah yah kek de ke udaratal se chipaki rahati haian. isaki jivanakahani b di vichitr hai aur tin jo di aangavale dianbh se aranbh hoti hai. is dianbh mean lalatashrriang hote haian, kiantu muanh ya annasrotas nahian hota. poornapuchchhak (saipris) avastha mean yah kisi kek de ki taang ke ek dridh rom se apane sparshasootr ko dvara chipat jati hai. is avastha mean tho de samay ke bad poornapuchchhak ka sara dh d, maansapeshiyaan, taange aankh aur malotsarg ke aang sharir se bilakul prithakh hokar gir p date haian. tho da sa bhag, jisamean keval dianbhag hi rahate haian, kek de ke dridh rom se ju da rah jata hai. tab dianbh ka yah bacha hua bhag kek de ki dehagun mean chala jata hai. raktaparivahan dvara phir yah kek de ke annasrotas tak pahuanchakar usake adharatal mean chipak jata hai. tab isase chhoti-chhoti shakhaean nikalati haian jo apas mean milakar ek jal sa kek de ke sare sharir mean bana leti haian. yah jal taangoan tak pahuanchata hai. isi bich isake adharatal se phir ek gaanth si nikalati hai. jisamean prajanan granthi tatha pragand hota hai. jaise yah gaanth badhati hai vaise-vaise yah kek de ke udar ke adharatal par dabav dalati haian. kek da jab kechul badalata haian to syoonika poorn vikasit roop se bahar akar kek de ke udar ke adharatal se chipakakar latak jati hai.
syoonika ka parajivi jivan keval usaka sharirik adh:patan nahian karana varan apane poshak (kek de) ke lie bhi bahut hanikarak siddh hota hai. mukhy hanikarak prabhav ye haian: jab syoonika kisi nar kek de ke bahar a jati hai to kek de ka kechul chho dana bilakul band ho jata hai aur usaki prajanan granthiyaan dhire dhire bilakul dubali aur durbal ho jati haian. gaun laiangik avayav, jaise maithun kantika (k aaupuletari stails) tatha nakhar(kili) nap mean bahut chhote ho jate haian. tab nar kek da ubhayaliangi ya mada ho jata hai. usaka udar vistirn tatha chau da ho jata hai. isi tarah mada ke bhi gaun laiangik avayav (aandavahi upaang) nap mean chhote ho jate haian. shankhakarkajivi namak alakapad bhi ek any jati ke kek de ke lie usi prakar hanikarak hai jis prakar syoonika nar kek d ke lie, kiantu kuchh adhik matra mean.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 252 |