अल्पना
[[chitr:Alpna-Bengal.jpg|thumb|300px|phooloan se bani alpana (bangal)]] alpana vibhinn prakar ke rangoan se banaee jane vali bharat ki prachin saanskritik paranpara aur lok kala hai. isaka ek nam rangoli bhi hai. alpana bharat ke kee gharoan ke aangan me har din banaee jati hai. vishesh taur par maharashtr aur dakshin bharat mean yah jyada dekhane ko milati hai. pray: alag-alag pradeshoan mean alpana ke nam aur usaki shaili mean bhinnata ho sakati hai, kiantu isake pichhe nihit bhavana aur sanskriti mean paryapt samanata rahati hai. alpana ki yahi visheshata ise vividhata deti hai aur isake vibhinn ayamoan ko bhi pradarshit karati hai. yah samanyat: tyohar, vrat, pooja, utsav aur vivah adi shubh avasaroan par sookhe aur prakritik rangoan se banaee jati hai. alpana ke vaise to sadharan jyamitik akar ho sakate haian, lekin phir bhi devi-devataoan ki akritiyaan adi bhi isamean banaee jati haian.
pauranik ullekh
alpana ke sanbandh mean puranoan mean kee kathaean prachalit haian. chitrakala par pahale bharatiy lekh 'chitr lakshan' mean ek katha ka ullekh ata hai, jisake anusar 'ek raja ke purohit ka beta mar gaya. brahma ne raja se kaha, 'vah l dake ka rekhachitr zamin par bana de, taki us mean jan dali ja sake.' raja ne zamin par kuchh rekhaean khianchian. yahian se alpana ki shuruat huee. isi sandarbh mean ek aur katha hai ki brahma ne srijan ke unmad mean am ke pe d ka ras nikal kar usi se zamin par ek stri ki akriti banaee. us stri ka sauandary apsaraoan ko mat dene vala tha. bad mean vah stri urvashi kahalaee. brahma dvara khianchian gee yah akriti alpana ka pratham roop hai. alpana ke sanbandh mean aur bhi pauranik sandarbh milate haian, jaise- ramayan mean sita ke vivah mandap ki charcha jahaan ki gee haian, vahaan bhi alpana ka zikr hai. dakshin mean chol shasakoan ke yug mean alpana ka saanskritik vikas hua.[1]
prachinata
mohanajod do aur h dappa mean bhi maandi huee alpana ke chihn milate haian. alpana vatsyayan ke 'kamasootr' mean varnit chauansath kalaoan mean se ek hai. yah ati prachin lok kala hai. isaki utpatti ke sanbandh mean sadharanat: yah mana jata hai ki 'alpana' shabd sanskrit ke 'olanpen' shabd se nikala hai, jisaka arth hai- 'lep karana'. prachin kal mean logoan ka vishvas tha ki ye kalatmak chitr shahar v gaanvoan ko dhan-dhany se paripoorn rakhane mean samarth hote haian aur apane jaduee prabhav se sanpatti ko surakshit rakhate haian. isi drishtikon se alpana ka dharmik aur samajik avasaroan par prachalan shuroo hua.
vidvanh mat
kee prakar ke vrat ya pooja, jinamean alpana di jati hai, aryoan ke yug se poorv ki hai. anand kumar svami, jo ki bharatiy kala ke pandit kahalate haian, unaka mat hai ki bangal ki adhunik lok kala ka sidha sanbandh 5000 varsh poorv ki mohanajod do ki kala se hai. vratachari aandolan ke janmadata tatha bangala lok kala v sanskriti ke vidvanh gurusahay datt ke anusar kamal ka phool jo bangali striyaan apani alpanaoan ke madhy banati haian, vah mohanajod do ke samay ke kamal ke phool ka pratiroop hi hai. kuchh any vidvanoan ka mat hai ki alpana hamari sanskriti mean astrik logoan, jaise muanda prajatiyoan se aee hai, jo ki is desh mean aryoan ke ane se anek varsh poorv rah rahe the. unake anusar prachin v paranparagat bangala ki lok kala krishi yug se chali a rahi hai. us samay ke logoan ne kuchh devi-devataoan v kuchh jaduee prabhavoan par vishvas kar rakha tha, jisake abhyas se achchhi fasal hoti thi tatha pretatmaean bhag jati thian. kiantu isase yah nahian samajhana chahie ki alpana kala keval bangal mean hi prachalit thi.[1]
vibhinn roop
alpana ka alag-alag namoan se bhinn-bhinn roopoan mean bharat ke any bhagoan mean bhi prachalan raha hai. gujarat mean ise 'satiya', maharashtr mean 'rangoli', madhy pradesh, uttar pradesh mean 'chauk poorana' v 'saanjhi', paha doan mean 'chauk pooran' v kahian-kahian 'epan', rajasthan mean 'mandane', bihar mean 'arichan', madhubani, kahajar, aandhr pradesh mean 'muggul' aur dakshin bharat mean 'kolam' kaha jata hai.
vibhinn tathy
bharat ki is kala se ju de kee mahattvapoorn bindu nimnalikhit haian-
- sadharanat: alpana ka stri samaj se adhik sanbandh haian aur striyaan hi ise banati haian. b de utsavoan mean striyoan ke samooh ke samooh is kary ko karate haian. yah mana jata hai ki jo akar isamean ubharate haian, unake pichhe banane vale ka prem, lagan aur usaki bhakti hoti hai. striyaan jaise-jaise rekhaean khianchati haian, un rekhaoan mean akritiyaan banati jati haian. apane bhavoan ki abhivyakti ve gitoan ki panktiyoan mean bhi karati haian.
- alpana ko sajavat se banane valoan ki aantarik shuddhata ka pata chalata hai. kanyaean praranbh se hi pooja karate samay yah kamana karati haian ki hamean aisa pati v ghar mile, jo dhan-dhany se poorn ho. isalie alpana mean samast shrriangar v grihasthi ki chizean, jaise- dhan, machhali, kanghi banakar pooja ki jati hai.[1]
- jab nee bahoo ghar mean pravesh karati hai to kee jagah use daravazoan par ruk kar alpana banani p dati haian. is alpana mean jo akritiyaan ubharati haian, unako dekh kar banane vale ke vyaktitv ka bodh hota hai. kee parivaroan mean bahoo ko lakshmi ka roop manate haian. usake svagat mean alpana mean kamal banae jate haian, jin par use chalane ko kaha jata hai.
- alpana bahut tan, man v shraddha se banaee jati hai. yah samajik utsavoan, tyauharoan tatha saanskritik karyakramoan mean banaee jati hai. kuchh dharmik 'pratik' aise pae jate haian, jo pidhiyoan se usi roop mean banae jate rahe haian, aur in pratikoan ka banana avashyak hota hai. kanyaean tatha bahuean apani mataoan tatha sasoan se is kala ko sikhati haian aur is prakar apane-apane parivar ki paranpara ko qayam rakhati haian.
- is kala mean prayog ane vali samagri asani se har sthan par mil jati hai. isalie yah kala garib se garib parivar mean bhi aankit ki jati haian, jaise- pise hua chaval ka ghol, sukhae hue pattoan ke paudar se banaya rang, charakol, jalaee huee mitti adi.
- inhian paranparagat alekhanoan se prerana lekar avanindranath taigor ne 'shaanti niketan' mean kala bhavan mean any chitrakala ke vishayoan ke sath-sath is kala ko bhi ek anivary vishay banaya. aj yah kala 'shaanti niketan ki alpana' ke nam se jani jati hai. is kala mean gori devi maja ka nam chirasmaraniy rahega, jo 'shaanti niketan alpana' ki janani mani jati haian.[1]
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