अशोक का जीवन परिचय
ashok ka jivan parichay
| |
| poora nam | raja[1] priyadarshi devataoan ka priy ashok maury |
| any nam | 'devanampriy' evan 'priyadarshi'[2] |
| janm | 304 eesa poorv (sanbhavit) |
| janm bhoomi | pataliputr (patana) |
| mrityu tithi | 232 eesa poorv |
| mrityu sthan | pataliputr, patana |
| pita/mata | bindusar, subhadraangi (uttari parampara), rani dharma (dakshini parampara) |
| pati/patni | (1) devi (vedis-mahadevi shakyakumari), (2) karuvaki (dvitiy devi tivalamata), (3) asandhimitra- agramahishi, (4) padmavati, (5) tishyarakshita[3] |
| santan | devi se- putr mahendr, putri sanghamitra aur putri charumati, karuvaki se- putr tivar, padmavati se- putr kunal (dharmavivardhan) aur bhi kee putroan ka ullekh hai. |
| upadhi | raja[1], 'devanampriy' evan 'priyadarshi' |
| rajy sima | sampoorn bharat |
| shasan kal | eesapoorv 274[3] - 232 |
| sha. avadhi | 42 varsh lagabhag |
| rajyabhishek | 272[4] aur 270[3] eesa poorv ke madhy |
| dharmik manyata | hindoo dharm, bauddh dharm |
| prasiddhi | ashok mahan, samrajy vistarak, bauddh dharm pracharak |
| yuddh | samrat banane ke bad ek hi yuddh l da 'kaliang-yuddh' (262-260 ee.poo. ke bich) |
| nirman | bhavan, stoop, math aur stanbh |
| sudhar-parivartan | shilalekhoan dvara janata mean hitakari adeshoan ka prachar |
| rajadhani | pataliputr (patana) |
| poorvadhikari | bindusar (pita) |
| vansh | maury |
| sanbandhit lekh | ashok ke shilalekh, maury kal adi |
ashok athava 'asok' (kal eesa poorv 269 - 232) prachin bharat mean maury rajavansh ka raja tha. ashok ka devanampriy evan priyadarshi adi namoan se bhi ullekh kiya jata hai. usake samay maury rajy uttar mean hindukush ki shreniyoan se lekar dakshin mean godavari nadi ke dakshin tatha maisoor, karnatak tak tatha poorv mean bangal se pashchim mean afaganistan tak pahuanch gaya tha. yah us samay tak ka sabase b da bharatiy samrajy tha. samrat ashok ko apane vistrit samrajy ke behatar kushal prashasan tatha bauddh dharm ke prachar ke lie jana jata hai.
janm
ashok prachin bharat ke maury samrat biandusar ka putr tha. jisaka janm lagabhag 304 ee. poorv mean mana jata hai. lanka ki parampara mean [5] biandusar ki solah pataraniyoan aur 101 putroan ka ullekh hai. putroan mean keval tin ke namollekh haian, ve haian - susim [6] jo sabase b da tha, ashok aur tishy. tishy ashok ka sahodar bhaee aur sabase chhota tha.[7]bhaiyoan ke sath grih-yuddh ke bad 272 ee. poorv ashok ko rajagaddi mili aur 232 ee. poorv tak usane shasan kiya.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean
pita aur pitamah
aranbh mean ashok bhi apane pitamah chandragupt maury aur pita biandusar ki bhaanti yuddh ke dvara samrajy vistar karata gaya. kashmir, kaliang tatha kuchh any pradeshoan ko jitakar usane sanpoorn bharat mean apana samrajy sthapit kar liya, jisaki simaean pashchim mean eeran tak phaili huee thian. parantu kaliang yuddh mean jo janahani huee usaka ashok ke hriday par b da prabhav p da aur vah hiansak yuddhoan ki niti chho dakar dharm vijay ki or agrasar hua. ashok ki prasiddhi itihas mean usake samrajy vistar ke karan hi nahian hai varanh dharmik bhavana aur manavatavad ke pracharak ke roop mean bhi hai.
bindusar ki mrityu ke bad ashok samrat bana. ashok ke sambandh mean janakari prapt karane mean pramukh sadhan ashok ke shilalekh tatha stanbhoan par utkirn abhilekh haian. kintu ye abhilekh ashok ke prarambhik jivan par koee prakash nahian dalate. inake lie hamean sanskrit tatha pali mean likhe hue bauddh granthoan par nirbhar rahana p data hai. paramparanusar ashok ne apane bhaiyoan ka hanan karake sianhasan prapt kiya tha.
devanampriy priyadarshi ke arth
'devanampriy priyadarshi' is vakyaansh mean bi.e. smith ke matanusar 'devanampriy' adarasoochak pad hai aur isi arth mean hamane bhi isako liya hai kiantu devanampriy shabd (dev-priy nahian) panini ke ek sootr[8] ke anusar anadar ka soochak hai. katyayan[9] ise apavad mean rakha hai. patanjali[10] aur yahaan tak ki kashika (650 ee.) bhi ise apavad hi manate haian. par in sabake uttarakalin vaiyakaran bhattojidikshit ise apavad mean nahian rakhate. ve isaka anadaravachi arth 'moorkh' hi karate haian. unake mat se 'devanampriy brahmajnan se rahit us purush ko kahate haian jo yajn aur pooja se bhagavan ko prasann karane ka yatn karata hai. jaise- gay doodh dekar malik ko.[11] is prakar ek upadhi jo nandoan, mauryoan aur shuangoan ke yug mean adaravachi thi. us mahanh raja ke prati brahmanoan ke duragrah ke karan anadar soochak ban gee.
vyaktitv
kuchh itihasakaroan ka mat hai ki ashok ne dharmik kshetroan ki or dhyan n dekar rashtriy drishti se hit sadhan nahian kiya. isase bharat ka rajanitik vikas rooka jabaki us samay roman samrajy ke saman vishal bharatiy samrajy ki sthapana sanbhav thi. is niti se digvijayi sena nishkriy ho gee aur videshi akraman ka samana nahian kar saki. is niti ne desh ko bhautik samriddhi se vimukh kar diya jisase desh mean rashtriyata ki bhavanaoan ka vikas avaruddh ho gaya. doosari or any ka mat isase viparit hai. ve kahate haian isi niti se bharatiyata ka any deshoan mean prachar hua. ghrina ke sthan par sahridayata vikasit huee, sahishnuta aur udarata ko bal mila tatha barbarata ke krityoan se bhare hue itihas ko ek nee disha ka bodh hua. lokahit ki drishti se ashok hi apane samakalin itihas ka ekamatr aisa shasak hai jisane n keval manav ki varanh jivamatr ki chianta ki. is mat-vibhinnata ke rahate hue bhi yah vichar sarvamany hai ki ashok apane kal ka akela samrat tha, jisaki prashasti usake gunoan ke karan hoti aee hai, bal ke dar se nahian.
nidhan
is bat ka vivaran nahian milata hai ki ashok ke karmath jivan ka aant kab, kaise aur kahaan hua. tibbati parampara ke anusar usaka dehavasan takshashila mean hua. usake ek shilalekh ke anusar ashok ka aantim kary bhikshusangh mean phoot dalane ki nianda karana tha. sambhavat: yah ghatana bauddhoan ki tisari sangati ke bad ki hai. sianhali itihas granthoan ke anusar tisari sangiti ashok ke rajyakal mean pataliputr mean huee thi.[12]
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 yah dhyan dene yogy bat hai ki yadyapi ashok sarvochch shasak tha par vah apane ko sirph 'raja' shabd se nirdisht karata hai. 'maharaja' aur 'rajadhiraj' jaisi bhari-bharakam ya adambar-poorn upadhiyaan, jo alag-alag ya milakar prayukt ki jati haian, ashok ke samay mean prachalit nahian huee thian. 'ashok' | lekhak: di.ar. bhandarakar | prakashak: es. chand end kampani | prishth sankhya:6
- ↑ 'ashok' | lekhak: di.ar. bhandarakar | prakashak: es. chand end kampani | prishth sankhya:5
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 'ashok' | lekhak: radhakumud mukharji | prakashak: motilal banarasidas | prishth sankhya: 8-9
- ↑ dvijendr narayan jha, krishna mohan shrimali “mauryakal”, prachin bharat ka itihas, dvitiy sanskaran (hiandi), dilli: hiandi madhyam karyaanvay nideshalay, 178.
- ↑ jisaka akhyan 'dipavansh' aur 'mahavansh' mean hua hai
- ↑ uttari paramparaoan ka susim
- ↑ mukharji, radhakumud ashok (hiandi). nee dilli: motilal banarasidas, 2.
- ↑ panini 6,3,21
- ↑ ee.poo. 350 sar ar. ji. bhandakar
- ↑ ee. poo. 150
- ↑ tattvabodhini aur balamanorama
- ↑ bhattachary, sachidanand bharatiy itihas kosh (hiandi). lakhanoo: uttarapradesh hiandi sansthan, 28.
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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