अश्वधावन

ashvadhavan athava ghu dadau d gho doan ke veg ki pratiyogita hai. aisi pratiyogita mukhyat: dulaki, sarapat aur kshetragami (kr aaus-kantri) ya avarodhayukt (aaubstaikal) dau doan mean hoti hai. ashvadhavan ki pratha ati prachin hai, parantu pratham ashvadhavan pratiyogita, jisaka ullekh dinaank sahit prapt hai, 684 ee. poo. ki hai jo 23 vian olianpik pratiyogita thi. 40 varsh bad pratham bar 33vean olianpik mean ashvarohi pratiyogita huee. yoonan mean ashvadhavan sarvapriy kheloan mean se tha aur rashtriy khel mana jata tha.

yoonan ke saman rom mean bhi ashvadhavan prachalit tha aur lokapriy kheloan mean samajha jata tha. aisa anuman kiya jata hai ki gret briten mean roman adhipaty kal mean hi ashvadhavan ka prachalan pratiyogita ke roop mean hua. praanrabh mean is prakar ke khel kood eesaee dharm ke virood samajhe jate the. par dharm is khel ke akarshan ko n daba saka. jarmani mean sarvapratham aise kheloan ko dharmik samarohoan mean bhi sthan mila. kuchh kal mean ashvadhavan itana lokapriy ho gaya ki rajakul se bhi ise utsah milane laga. sanh‌ 1512 mean chestar mean sarvasadharan ke lie ashvadhavan pratiyogita praranbh huee. yah pratiyogita nagaradhyaksh (meyar) ke sabhapatitv mean hoti thi. ianglaiand ke jems pratham ne ianglaiand mean ashvadhavan sthal sthapit kie aur sath hi gho doan ki nasl sudharane ki bhi cheshta ki. ashvadhavan pratiyogitaoan mean ianglaiand ke rajaoan ki roochi badhati gee aur paritoshik bhi usi anupat mean badhate ge. sanh‌ 1721 ee. mean jarj pratham ne jitanevale ashv ko 100 gini paritoshik mean di. ashvadhavan ke prabandh ko sucharoo roop se chalane ke lie sanh‌ 1750 mean ashvarohi samiti (j aauki klab) ki sthapana huee. is sabha ko ianglaiand mean ashvadhavan sanbandhi sabhi batoan ke aantim nirnay ka adhikar diya gaya.

gret briten mean ashvadhavan ek rashtriy khel samajha jata hai aur b de samaroh ke sath vibhinn sthanoan mean sal mean isaki anek b di b di pratiyogitaean hoti haian. inamean se ye paanch pratiyogitaean paranparagat, prachin aur sarvotam mani jati haian: (1) seant lejar ashvadhavan pratiyogita, jisaka praranbh 1776 ee. mean hua. yah d aaunakastar mean sitanbar mas ke madhy mean hoti hai. (2)oks pratiyogita, jisaka praranbh 1779 ee. mean hua aur jo ipsam mean, mee ke atan mean, suprasaddhi darbi pratiyogita ke turant bad p danevale shukravar ko hoti hai. (3) darbi pratiyogita, jo sanh‌ 1780 ee. mean aranbh huee. yah bhi ipsam mean dau di jati hai. ipsam tivr mo doan tatha kathin utar aur chadhav ke lie prasiddh hai. is pratiyogita ko vishesh mahatv diya jata hai. (4) nyoo market mean dau di janevali do hajar gili ki dau d jo 1809 ee. mean praranbh huee. (5) ek hajar gini kie dau d bhi isi nyoo market sthal mean dau di jati hai. isaki sthapana sanh‌ 1814 ee. mean huee. in paanch dau doan ke atirikt bahut si dau de aisakat, gudavud adi kshetroan mean dau di jati haian aur ye bhi paryapt mahatvapoorn haian.

sanh‌ 1839 ee. mean nyoo market kshetr mean haiandipakaip ghu dadau d praranbh ki gee. is dau d ka uddeshy sarvotam ashvoan ke virooddh any ashvoan ko bhi dau d mean saphalata prapt karane ka avasar dena tha. haiandikaip ke niyamanusar ashvoan ki khyati, dhavanashakti evan ayu ko dhyan mean rakhate hue unake savaroan ka bhar nishchit kiya jata hai. sarvotam ashv ko bhari tatha nimn shreni ke ashv ko halka ashvarohi diya jata hai. kis ashv ko is prakar kitani suvidha athava asuvidha di jae, isaka nirnay ashvarohi samiti (j aauki klab) karati hai. savar ke bhar ke lie pratibandh rahate haian. ashvarohi ka apane bhar ko ath nau ston (ston=lagabhag sat serasar) tak banae rakhana ati avashyak hai. bhari ghu dasavar anuttirn kar die jate haian.

sanh‌ 1884 mean sain daun ke prabandhakartaoan ne ek nee 10,000 pauand ki pratiyogita ki yojana nikali. yah dau d iklips ke nam se prasiddh huee.

sanh‌ 1839 mean d graiand naishanal namak ek aur lokapriy ghu dadau d ka prachalan hua. yah sadhe char mil lanbi dau d livarapul mean hoti hai. yatharth mean yah gret briten ki purani stipanalachez pratha ka adhunik roop hai. purane samay mean stipachalez susanpann logoan nichi bhoomi tatha chhote b de avarodhoan ko laanghate hue, kisi doorasth charch ki nukili minar ko lakshy man ashvarohi ek doosare se ho d lete the. parantu ab vibhinn prakar ki badhaean nirdharit roop se kh di karake pratiyogita ek nishchit kshetr mean hone lagi hai.

ashvadhavan amarika mean bhi ati lokapriy hai. 17vian sadi ke madhy se hi isaka prachalan varajiniya aur merilaiand mean tha.

amarika mean dulaki chal ki dau d (tr aautiang res) utani hi priy hai jitani sarapat dau d dulaki dau d do prakar se dau di jati hai: (1) ghu dasavar gho de ki kathi par rahata hai. (2) ek chhoti do pahiyoanvali ga di gho de mean jotakar ashvarohi isi ga di par baithata hai.

phraans mean adhunik dhang se ashvadhavan sanh‌ 1833 se prachalit hua. priks d oralio, priks doo j aauki, priks doo prians ianpiriyal aur d graiand priks di peris yahaan ki mukhy aur mahatvapoorn dauan doan mean peris graiand stipal chezapramukh hai. astreliya, jarmani, itali tatha any deshoan mean ashvadhavan moolat: ianglaiand ki hi pratha niyamoan ke anusar hota hai.

ashvajanan - isaka uddeshy uttamottam ashvoan ki vriddhi karana hai. yah niyantrit roop ke keval chune hue uttam jati ke gho de gho diyoan dvara hi bachche utpann karake sanpadit kiya jata hai.

ashv puratan kal se hi itana tivragami aur shaktishali nahian tha jitana vah aj hai. niyantrit suprajanan dvara anek achchhe gho de sanbhav ho sake haian. ashvaprajanan (bridiang) anuvanshikata ke siddhaant par adharit hai. desh videsh ke ashvoan mean apani apani visheshataean hoti haian. inhian gunavisheshoan ko dhyan mean rakhate hue gho de tatha gho di ka jo da banaya jata hai aur is prakar inake bachchoan mean mata aur pita donoan ke vishesh gunoan mean se kuchh gun a jate haian. yadi bachcha dau dane mean tej nikala aur usake gun usake bachchoan mean bhi ane lage to usaki santan se ek navin nasl aranbh ho jati hai. ianglaiand mean ashvaprajanan ki or pratham bar vishesh dhyan henari ashtam ne diya. ashvoan ki nasl sudharane ke lie usane rajaniy banae. inake aantargat aise gho doan ko, jo do varsh se oopar ki ayu par bhi ooanchaee mean 60 ianch se kam rahate the, santanotpatti se vanchit rakha jata tha. pichhe door door deshoan se uchch jati ke ashv ianglaiand mean lae ge aur prajanan ki ritiyoan se aur bhi achchhe gho de utpann kie ge.

ashvajanan ke lie gho doan ka chayan unake uchch vansh, sudridh sharirarachana; saumy svabhav, atyadhik sahas aur dridh nishchay ki drishti se kiya jata hai. garbhavati gho di ko halka parantu paryapt vyayam karana avashyak hai. gho de ka bachcha gyarah mas tak garbh mean rahata hai. navajat bachh de ko paryapt matra mean maan ka doodh milana chahie. isake lie gho di ko achchha ahar dena ashyak haian. bachche ko paanch chhah mas tak hi maan ka doodh pilana chahie. pichhe usake ahar aur dinacharya par yathesht satarkata barati jati hai.

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