लोहा

loha
bhoore rang ke sath chamakadar dhatu
sadharan gunadharm
nam, pratik, sankhya	loha, Fe, 26
tatv shreni	sankraman dhatu
samooh, avart, kaksha	8, 4, d
manak paramanu bhar	55.845g·mol−1
ilektr aaun vinyas	1s2, 2s2 2p6, 3s2 3p6 3d6, 4s2
ilektr aaun prati shel	2, 8, 14, 2
bhautik gunadharm
avastha	thos
ghanatv (nikat k.ta.)	7.874 g·cm−3
taral ghanatv (galanaank par)	6.98 g·cm−3
galanaank	1811 K, 1538 °C, 2800 °F
kvathanaank	3134 K, 2862 °C, 5182 °F
sanlayan ooshma	13.81 kilo jool-mol
vashpan ooshma	340 kilo jool-mol
vishisht ooshmiy kshamata	25.10 jool-mol−1kilo−1
vashp dab
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1728 1890 2091 2346 2679 3132
paramanvik gunadharm
aauksikaran avastha	6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2 -->
ilektronegetiviti	1.83 (pailiang paimana)
ayanikaran oorjaean (adhik)	1st: 762.5 ki.jool•mol−1
	2nd: 1561.9 ki.jool•mol−1
	3rd: 2957 ki.jool•mol−1
paramanvik trijya	126 pm
sahasanyojak trijya	132±3 (low spin), 152±6 (high spin) pm
vividh gunadharm
chumbakiy kram	lohachumbakiy
ooshmiy chalakata	(300 K) 80.4 W·m−1·K−1
ooshmiy prasar	(25 °C) 11.8 µm·m−1·K−1
yang mapaank	211 GPa
aparoopan mapaank	82 GPa
sthool mapaank	170 GPa
p aauyazan anupat	0.29
mohs kathorata mapaank	4
vikars kathorata	608 MPa
brainal kathorata	490 MPa
si.e.es panjikaran sankhya	7439-89-6
samasthanik
samasthanik pra. prachurata arddh ayu ksharan avastha ksharan oorja (MeV) ksharan utpad 54Fe 5.8% >3.1×1022y 2ε capture ? 54Cr 55Fe syn 2.73 y ε capture 0.231 55Mn 56Fe 91.72% 56Fe 30 nyootr aaun ke sath sthir 57Fe 2.2% 57Fe 31 nyootr aaun ke sath sthir 58Fe 0.28% 58Fe 32 nyootr aaun ke sath sthir 59Fe syn 44.503 d β− 1.565 59Co 60Fe syn 2.6×106 y β− 3.978 60Co

loha (aangrezi:Iron) mukt avastha mean bahut kam paya jata hai. hemetait, mainnetait, ayaran, payaraitin adi isake pramukh ayask haian. hemetait ke roop mean yah bharat mean sianhabhoomi, mayooraganj, maisoor adi sthanoan mean paya jata hai. bharat mean tata ayaran end stil kampani, maisoor ayaran varkas, indiyan ayaran end stil kampani kulati adi lohe ke pramukh qarakhane haian. adhunik samay mean bharat poori tarah se loh utpadan mean atm-nirbhar ho chuka hai.

prakar

lohe mean upasthit karban ke adhar par yah, dhalavaan, pitavaan v stil tin prakar ka hota hai. isaka rang dhoosar hota hai v kvathanaank 2800° C hota hai. dhalavaan, pitavaan v stil mean payi jane vali karban v any tatvoan ki matra tatha inake gun v upayog nimn sarani pradarshit haian.

ispat

yah lohe ka ek prakar hai, jisamean 0.5 se 1.5% tak loha paya jata hai. yah mridu kristaliy tatha chamakadar hota hai, jise asani se pitakar mo da ja sakata hai. yah mukhyatah pitavaan lohe tatha dhalavaan lohe se banaya jata hai. karban ki matra ke adhar par yah tin prakar ka hota hai:-

mridu ispat

isamean karban ki matra 0.15% hoti hai. isaka upayog rel udyog tatha sanrachanatmak karyoan mean hota hai.

madhyam ispat

isamean karban ki matra 0.15 se 0.6% tak hoti hai. isaka upayog rel udyog tatha sanrachanatmak karyoan mean hota hai.

adhik karbanayukt ispat

isamean karban ki matra 0.6% se 1.5% tak hoti hai. isaka upayog rejar tatha shaly kriya mean kam ane vale yantr banane mean hota hai.

mishradhatu

isake alava bahut uchch koti ke ispat nikil, maianganij, tangstan, kromiyam ityadi dhatuoan ke mishradhatu ke roop mean prapt kiye jate haian, jinaka upayog vayuyan, bal beyariang, aml ke patr, gh di ityadi ko banane mean hota hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh