आवृत्तिदर्शी

avrittidarshi ek yantr haian jisase chalate hue kisi piand ko sthir roop mean dekha ja sakata hai. isaki kriya drishtisthapakatv (parasistaians aauv vijhan) par nirbhar hai. hamari aankh ke krishnapatal (retina) par kisi vastu ka pratibianb vastu ko hata lene ke lagabhag 1.16 sekeand se lekar 1.10 sekeand bad tak bana rahata hai. sadharan avrittidarshi mean ek vrittakar patr ya chakr (disk) hota hai, jisaki bari ke samip barabar dooriyoan par ek athava do tin vrittakar panktiyoan mean chhidr ban rahate haian. vrittakar patr ko ek chal se ghumaya jata hai aur chhidroan ke samip aankh vrittakar patr ko ek chal se ghumaya jata hai aur chhidroan ke samip aankh lagakar gatiman vastu ka nirikshan kiya jata hai. jab chhidr vastu ke samane ata hai tabhi vastu dikhaee p dati hai. yadi kisi avrittidarshi ko aisi gati se ghumaya jae ki mashin ki pratyek avritti mean mashin ka vahi bhag ghoomate patr ke ek chhidr ke samane barabar ata rahe to drishtisthapakatv ke karan chalati huee mashin hamean sthir, kiantu samany prakash mean dhuandhali, dikhaee p degi. spasht nirikshan ke lie mashin ko atyant tivr prakash mean rahana chahie. yadi ekasaman tivr prakash ke badale mashin ko prakash mean rahana chahie. yadi ekasaman tivr prakash ke badale mashin ko prakash ki tivr damakoan (phlaishez) dvara prakashit kiya jae aur yadi damakoan ki avrittisankhya itani ho ki ek damak mashin par isake thik ek paribhraman par p de to mashin sthir dikhaee p degi. is ayojan se mashin ke kisi bhag ke kisi bhag ko photo liya ja sakata hai, usaka nirikshan kiya ja sakata hai aur mashin ka koniy veg jnat kiya ja sakata hai. kisi dolatiy vastu, jaise kanpit svaritr (tayooniang fark) ki bhi avrittisankhya nikali ja sakati hai.

avrittidarshi dvara tayooniang ph aaurk ki avrittisankhya nikalana-avrittidarshi a (dr. chitr 1) ko vidyut motar mo dvara ghumaya jata hai. motar ki gati ichchhanusar ghata badhakar avrittidarshi ki paribhranasankhya thik ki ja sakati hai aur paribhramanasankhya ka man motar ki dhuri par lage hue ganak se jnat kiya ja sakata hai. dooradarshi doo avrittidarshi ke chhidr par sadha rahata hai. is dooradarshi aur avrittidarshi ke bich vidyutasvaritr sv kshaitij sthiti mean rakha jata hai jisamean svaritr ki donaean bhujaoan mean ailyoominayim ki ek ek patti laga di jati hai. inamean se ek patti mean ek chhidr bana rahata hai ki vah doosari bhuja ki patti dvara svaritr ki sthiravastha mean poora dhaka rahe aur dolan karate samay jab bhujaean phail jaean to chhidr khul jae. is bhaanti pattiyoan ke bich ka chhidr ek seankad mean utani bar khulata aur band hota hai jitani svaritr avrittisankhya hoti hai. isake bad avrittidarshi ko chalakar svaritr ko vidyuth‌ dvara dolit karate haian. vidyuth‌ ke prabhav se svaritr ka dolan sthayi bana rahata hai. dooradarshi mean avrittidarshi ke chhidr pahale dhuandhale, phir motar ki gati badhane ke sath phailakar poorn vrittakar ho jate haian. gati adhik badhane par chhidr alag spasht dikhaee p date haian. yah tabhi sanbhav hota hai jab svaritr ke dolanakal mean avrittidarshi ka ek chhidr nikatavarti doosare chhidr ke sthan par ghoomakar a jata hai. yadi chakr ki gati tanik kam kar di jati hai to chhidr pichhe ki or dhire dhire ghoomate hue jan p date haian aur yadi gati tanik badhaee jati hai to chhidr age ki dhire dhire badhate pratit hote haian. jab chhidr spasht sthir dikhaee p date haian to avrittidarshi ki bhramanasankhya dekhakar svaritr ki avrittisankhya jnat ki ja sakati hai. yadi chakr ke vritt par s chhidr haian aur chakr ek sekand mean m paribhraman karata hai to svaritr ki avrittisankhya s´m hoti hai. avrittidarshi ki gati isaki thik duni athava tiguni, chauguni ityadi hone par bhi chhidr isi prakar sthir dikhaee p date haian. is karan prayog mean avrittidarshi ki gati praranbh mean kam rakhakar dhire dhire badhaee jati hai.

avrittidarshi ka prabhav-ajakal gharoan mean aur s dakoan par roshani tyoobalait dvara ki jati hai. inamean prakash uchch avrittisankhya ke pratyavarti vidyudvisarjan se utpann hota hai. aise prakash mean yadi mej ka pankha chalaya jata hai athava bijali katakar jab use band kiya jata hai, to badhati athava ghatati chal mean pankhe ke bled kabhi rukate hue, kabhi ulati disha mean chalate, phir rukate aur sidha chalate dikhaee p date haian. arthath‌ bled ulata sidha chalate aur bich bich mean rukate jan p date haian. yah avrittidarshi prabhav tyoobalait ke prakashavisarjan ki avrittisankhya par nirbhar rahata hai. yadi pankhe par ekadish dhara ke balb ka prakash p data ho to hamean aisa anubhav nahian hota. isi bhaanti chalachitr (sinema) mean chalata hua ga di ka dibba jab rukata hua dikhaya jata hai to tilidar pahiya pahale kabhi rukakar ulati disha mean ghoomata aur phir rukakar sidha ghoomata jan p data hai. yah drishy bhi chalachitr ke parde par khandit prakash se utpann hota hai. avririttidarshi prabhav ka karan nimnalikhit prayog se spasht ho jata hai. b de shvet vrittakar patr ch par (dr.chitr 2) kale vritt aur biandu banae ge haian. isapar ark a ka prakash tal ta dvara p data hai. tal aur vrittakar patr ke bich ek doosara vrittakar patr k hai, jisamean ek lanba chhed bana hua hai. vrittakar patr bhinn bhinn gatiyoan se alag alag ghumae jate haian man lijie, vrittakar patr k ek sekand mean 13 chakkar lagata hai, to isake chhidr se patr ch ka koee bhag ek sekand mean 13 bar prakashit hota hai. yadi ch ek sekand mean keval ek hi chakkar usi disha mean lagae aur chitr ke anusar yadi pahali damak vritt 1 par p de to is vritt ke donoan biandu ek doosare ke thik oopar niche dikhaee p deange. doosari damak ke pahuanchate hi vritt 1 ke sthan par vritt 2 a jaega aur biandu dakshinavart disha mean mu de jan p deange. tisare sphuran ke ate hi vritt 3 akar vritt 1 ke sthan par p dega or biandu adhik mu de dikhaee p deange. vritt sab ek saman haian aur sab bari se sthan 1 par ate haian, jahaan prakash ki damakean p dati haian. at: vritt sthir aur unake bhitar ke biandu dakshinavart ghoomate dikhaee p deange. patr ch ke keandr ke samip tin khanedar vritt banae ge haian, jinamean ekaantar kram se saphed kale khane bane hue haian. madhyavarti vritt mean 13 saphed aur 13 kale khane haian. bhitari vritt mean 12 saphed aur 12 kale khane haian aur bahari vritt mean pratyek prakar ke 14 aise khane haian. ch aur k in donoan patroan ki apekshik gatiyoan ke aise santulan par ki paridhi ke vritt sthir jan p dean, in tinoan keandriy khanedar vrittoan mean bichavala vritt sthir, bahari dakshinavart aur bhitari vamavart ghoomata dikhaee p dega.

ek bat vishesh roop se dhyan mean rakhani chahie. yadi prakash ki damak ek sekand mean 13 se kam kar di jay, to prakashit chakati ch ki satah par jhilamilahat ya kanpakanpi (phlikariang) dikhaee p dati hai. yadi prakash ki damakoan ki prati sekand sankhya chakr ch ke veg ko badhakar paryapt adhik kar di jae to kanpakanpi door ho jati hai aur satah ki dipti sthayi jan p dati hai. aisa diptishrabhas hamari aankhoan ki drishtivilambana ke karan hota haian, jaisa sinema ke parde par chitroan ko prati sekand 13 se adhik bar dalakar patroan ke nach, dau d adi, sabhi gatividhiyoan ko svabhavik riti mean dekh pate haian. yadi chalachitroan ki sankhya prati sekand 13 se kam ho to parde par kanpakanpi ane lagati hai. ajakal bolate chitroan mean 24 chitr prati sekand parde par dale jate haian, jisase kanpakanpi bilakul nahian ati . kanpakanpi poornataya nirmool karane ke lie prati chitr ke madhy mean prakash ek bar kat diya jata hai, arthath‌ prati sekand 24 chitr chalate samay 48 damakean barabar samayaantaroan par p dati haian.

ajakal avartadarshi ke sath kary karanevale itane adbhut photographi ke kaimare banae ge haian ki u dati chi diya, tivragami havaee jahaj tatha jet plenadi ke kisi bhag ka photo utara ja sakata hai. chhote b de bamoan ke phatane ke turant bad, arthat 1/10 lakh sekand mean tatha tadanantar visphotanakriya ka photo lekar adhyayan kiya ja sakata hai. aise avrittidarshi mean tapayan kapat (tharmayonik valv) ke dvara damak ki avrittisankhya ek lakh se bhi adhik prati sekand hoti hai aur damak ki jyoti soory ke prakash se bhi prabal hoti hai. isaka shrey prophesar egartan ko hai. maisachusets ianstitayoot aauv tekan aaulaji (amarika) mean apane sathiyoan ke sath pro. egartan lagabhag 30 varsho tak is anusandhan mean sanlagn rahe. is avrittiyoan ki kriya poorvokt avrittiyoan ke saman hi hoti hai, kiantu prakash ki tivrata badhane ke lie prabal ilektr aaunik paripath (sarkit) ki vyavastha rahati hai aur usake kholane aur band karane ke lie gais se bhari ek nalika hoti hai, jo vidyutaparipath mean sanghanak (kandeansar) ka kam karati hai. isamean lage valv ko thik sadhane par, vidyut damak ek sekand ke das lakhavean bhag ke samayaantar par ho sakati hai. damak ki dipti itani prabal hoti haian ki paanch sat mil gahare samudr ki peandi ka bhi chitr khiancha ja sakata haian. aise avrittidarshi dvara aisi sookshm vastuoan tak ka nirikshan sanbhav ho saka hai jo hamean dikhaee bhi nahian p dati.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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