आस्तिकता

astikata (thijm)-bharatiy darshan mean eeshvar, eeshvarajna, paralok, atma adi adrisht padarthoan ke astitv mean, visheshat: eeshvar ke astitv mean vishvas ka nam astikata hai. pashchaty darshan mean eeshvar ke astitv mean vishvas ka hi nam thijm hai. sansar ke vishvasoan ke itihas mean eeshvar ki kalpana anek roopoan mean ki gee hai aur usake astitv ko siddh karane ke lie anek yuktiyaan di gee haian. unamean mukhy ye haian:

1. eeshvar ka svaroop - manavanuroop vyaktitvayukt eeshvar (parasanal gad). is sansar ka utpadak (srashta), sanchalak aur niyamak, manushy ke saman shariradhari, manovrittiyoan se yukt paramashaktishali paramatma hai. vah kisi ek sthan (dham) par rahata hai aur vahian se sab sansar ki dekhabhal karata hai, logoan ko pap puny ka phal deta hai evan bhakti aur prarthana karane par logoan ke du:kh aur vipatti mean sahayata karata hai. apane dham se vah is sansar mean sachcha dharmik marg sikhane ke lie apane bete paiganbaroan, rrishimuniyoan ko samay-samay par bhejata hai aur kabhi svayan hi kisi n kisi roop mean avatar leta hai. dushtoan ka daman aur sajjanoan ka uddhar karata hai. is mat ko pashchaty darshan mean thijm kahate haian.
2. srishtikarta matr eeshvaravad - (dijm) kuchh darshanik yah manate haian ki eeshvar to srishtikarta matr hai aur usane srishti rach di hai ki vah svayan apane niyamoan se chal rahi hai. usako ab isase koi matalab nahian. jaise gh di bananevale ko apani banaee huee gh di se, banane ke pashchath‌, koee sanbandh nahian rahata. vah chalati rahati hai. is mat ki kuchh jhalak vaishnavoan ki is kalpana mean milati hai ki bhagavanh‌ vishnu kshirasagar mean sote rahate haian aur shaivoan ki is kalpana mean ki bhagavanh‌ shankar kailas parvat par samadhi lagae baithe rahate haian aur sansar ka kary chalata rahata hai.
3. sarv khalu idan brahm - yah samast sansar brahm hi hai (paithijm), is siddhaant ke anusar sansar aur bhagavanh‌ koee alag-alag vastu nahian haian. bhagavanh‌ aur sansar ek hi haian. jagath‌ bhagavanh‌ ka sharir matr hai jisake kan-kan mean vah vyapt hai. brahm=jagath‌ aur jagath‌=brahm. isako advaitavad bhi kahate haian. pashchaty deshoan mean is prakar ke mat ka nam paithijm hai.
4. brahm jagath‌ - se pare bhi hai. is matavale, jinako pashchaty deshoan mean 'pain ainathist' kahate haian, yah manate haian ki jagath‌ mean bhagavanh‌ ki parisamapti nahian hoti. jagath‌ to usake ek aansh matr mean hai. jagath‌ shaant hai, simit hai aur isamean bhagavanh‌ ke sabhi gunoan ka prakash nahian hai. bhagavanh‌ anadi, anant aur achity haian. jagath‌ mean unaki satta aur svaroop ka bahut tho de aansh mean prakaty hai. is mat ke anusar samast jagath‌ brahm hai, par samast brahm jagath‌ nahian hai.
5. ajatavad, ajativad athava jagadrahit shuddh brahmavad - (akasmijm) is mat ke anusar eeshvar ke atirikt aur koee satta hi nahian hai. sarvatr braha hi brahm hai. jagath‌ nam ki vastu n kabhi utpann huee, n hai aur n hogi. jisako ham jagath‌ ke roop mean dekhate haian vah kalpana matr, mithya bhram matr hai jisaka jnan dvara lop ho jata hai. vastavik satta keval vikararahit shuddh sachchidanand brahm ki hi hai jisamean srishti n kabhi huee, n hogi.

astikata ke aantargat ek yah prashn bhi uthata hai ki eeshvar ek hai athava anek. kuchh log anek devi devataoan ko manate haian. unako bahudevavadi (polithist) kahate haian. ve ek dev ko nahian janate. kuchh log jagath‌ ke niyamak do devoan ko manate haian-ek bhagavanh‌ aur doosara shaitan. ek achchhaiyoan ka srashta aur doosara buraiyoan ka. kuchh log yah manate haian ki buraee bhale bhagavan ki chhaya matr hai. bhagavanh‌ ek hi hai, shaitan usaki mayashakti ka nam hai jisake dvara sansar mean sab doshoan ka prasarahai, par jo svayan bhagavanh‌ ke niyantran mean rahati hai. kuchh log mayarahit shuddh brahm ki satta mean vishvas karate hai. unake anusar sansar shuddh brahm ka prakash hai, usamean svayan koee dosh nahian hai. hamare ajnan ke karan hi hamako dosh dikhaee p date haian. poorn jnan ho jane par sabako mangalamay hi dikhaee p dega. is mat ko shuddh brahmavad kahate haian. isi ko advaitavad athava aikyavad (monijm) kahate haian.

astikata ke paksh mean yuktiyaan-pashchaty aur bharatiy darshan mean astikata ko siddh karane mean jo anek yuktiyaan di jati haian unamean se kuchh ye haian:

1. manushyamatr ke man mean eeshvar ka vichar aur usamean vishvas janmajat hai. usaka nirakaran kathin hai, atev eeshvar vastav mean hona chahie. isako aantol aaujikal, arthath‌ pratyay se satta ki siddhi karanevali yukti kahate haian.
2. sansaragat kary-karan-niyam ko jagath‌ par lagoo karake yah kaha jata hai ki jaise yahaan pratyek kary ke upadan aur nimitt karan hote haian, usi prakar samast jagath‌ ka upadan aur nimitt karan bhi hona chahie aur vah eeshvar hai (kasmol aaujikal, arthath‌ srishtikaran yukti).
3. sansar ki sabhi kriyaoan ka koee n koee prayojan ya uddeshy hota hai aur isaki sab kriyaean niyamapoorvak aur sangathit riti se chal rahi haian. atev isaka niyamak, yojak aur prabandhak koee mangalakari bhagavanh‌ hoga (tiliyolojikal, arthath‌ uddeshyatmak yukti).
4. jis prakar manav samaj mean sab logoan ko niyantran mean rakhane ke lie aur aparadhoan ka dand evan upakaroan aur sevaoan ka puraskar dene ke lie raja athava rajavyavastha hoti hai usi prakar samast srishti ko niyam par chalane aur pap puny ka phal denevala koee sarvajn, sarvashaktiman aur nyayakari paramatma avashy hai. isako m aaural ya naitik yukti kahate haian.
5. yogi aur bhakt log apane dhyan aur bhajan mean nimagn hokar bhagavanh‌ ka kisi n kisi roop mean darshan karake kritarth aur tript hote dikhaee p date hai (yah yukti rahasyavadi, arthath‌ mistik yukti kahalati hai).
6. sansar ke sabhi dharmagranthoan mean eeshvar ke astitv ka upadesh milata hai, atev sarv-jan-sadharan ka aur dharmik logoan ka eeshvar ke astitv mean vishvas hai. is yukti ko shabdapraman kahate haian. nastikoan ne in sab yuktiyoan ko katane ka prayatn kiya hai (dr. 'anishvaravad').

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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