इक्वेडोर

ikvedor pashchimi dakshin amarika ka ek desh hai (kshetraphal : 1,04,505 varg mil, lagabhag; janasankhya 55,85,400 (1967); rajadhani : kuito, janasankhya 4,62,863).

isake uttar mean kolanbiya, poorv aur dakshin mean peroo tatha pashchim mean prashaant mahasagar sthit hai.

prakritik dasha-uttar dakshin phaila hua aiandiz ikvedor ko do bhagoan mean vibhajit karata hai. is desh mean isaki do parvatashreniyaan haian jinake madhy mean ooanche pathar haian. bhootakal evan vartaman kal mean sanbhavat: yahi bhoobhag, amarika mean jvalamukhi se sarvadhik prabhavit raha hai. is samay yahaan ke chianborazoan (20,575 phut) tatha kotapaiksi (19,339 phut) sansar ke sarvochch jvalamukhi pradesh mean bikhare hue haian. yahaan ki nadiyaan naukavahan ke yogy nahian haian.

jalavayu - ikvedor ka samudratatiy pradesh ushn aur ardr hai. yahaan ka ausat tap 75° pha. se 80° pha. tak hai. aantarik pradeshoan mean ghatiyoan ka tap lagabhag 90° pha. tatha uchch patharoan ka keval 50° pha. rahata hai.

vanaspati - aiandiz ke uchch patharoan tatha prashaant mahasagar tat ke shushk pradesh ko chho dakar samast ikvedor saghan vanoan se dhaka hai. yahaan ke vanoan mean daee vud (ek lak di jisase rang nikalata hai), sinakona (jisase kvinin nikalati hai) tatha balasa vud (ek atyant halki lak di) bahutayat se milate haian.

utpadan - pooanji, yatayat ke sadhan tatha prashikshit shramikoan ki kami ke karan krishi hi yahaan ka mukhy udyam haian. yahaan ke log sagaratatiy pradesh tatha nimn dharatal ki nadighatiyoan mean ushnapradeshiy vastuean aur uchch ghatiyoan tatha parvatiy dhaloan par anaj, phal, tarakari, adi shitoshn pradeshiy vastuean utpann karane ke sath pashupalan bhi karate haian. yahaan ki 4.5 pratishat bhoomi par krishi tatha 4.1 pratishat bhoomi par pashupalan hota hai. 74.1 pratishat par van haian. 15.9 pratishat bhoomi krishi yogy nahian hai. 1.4 pratishat ko kary yogy banaya ja sakata hai.

koko yahaan ka pradhan krishi utpadan hai. kahava, chaval, kela, chini, ruee, makka, aloo, santara, niboo evan pashu yahaan ke any mukhy utpadan haian.

yahaan ka mahatvapoorn khanij padarth petroliyam hai. sona, taanba, chaandi, gandhak yahaan ke any mukhy khanij haian.

hal mean yahaan par udyog dhandhoan mean kuchh pragati huee hai. kataee bunaee yahaan ka mukhy udyog hai. dava, biskut, rabar ki vastuean, nakali resham, simeant adi udyog yahaan pragati par haian. yahaan ke any udyog chini, joota, lak di, ailkohal, tanbakoo diyasalaee banana adi haian.

ikvedor kachche maloan ka niryat tatha pakke maloan ka ayat karata hai. sanpoorn niryat ki huee vastuoan ki 90 pratishat khanij evan krishij vastuean haian. pramukhata ke kramanusar niryat ki huee vastuean koko, kahava, kela, chaval, kachcha petroliyam tatha balasa vud haian.

yahaan ki sarakar sansadh (sinet) tatha mantrimandal dvara bani hai. rashtrapati evan uparashtrapati char varshoan ke lie nirvachit hote haian. yahaan par praranbhik shiksha ni:shulk tatha anivary hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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