इखनातून

ikhanatoon misr ka pharaoon. kal, ee.poo. 14vian sadi ka pratham charan. ikhanatoon dharm chalane vale rajaoan mean pahala tha. usaka nam medhavi samratoan-suleman, ashok, harooanalh‌ rashid aur sharlaman-ke sath liya jata hai.

ikhanatoon shalin pita amenahetep tritiy aur prasiddh mata tiee ka putr tha. pita ki nasoan mean sanbhavat: siriya ke mitanni aryo ka rakt bahata tha aur mata tiee ki nasoan mean vany jatiyoan ka rudhir pravahit tha. tiee ke jo d ki rani shakti aur shalinata mean sanbhavat: manav rajaniti ke itihas mean nahian. aise matapita ke tanay ki atma ki bechaini svabhavik thi. is prakar do shaktiyaan samanvit hokar balak mean jag uthian aur usane apane desh ke dharm ki kaya palat di. ikhanatoon jab pita ki gaddi par baitha tab vah keval ath varsh ka tha. 15 varsh ki ayu mean usane apana vah itihasaprasiddh dharm chalaya jo baibil ke prachin nabiyoan ke lie ashchary ban gaya. 26-27 varsh ki chhoti ayu thi, jab usake toophani jivan ka aant ho gaya. kiantu keval 13 varsh ke is laghu kal mean usane vah kiya ja adhi-adhi sadi tak raj karanevale samrath bhi n kar sake.

ikhanatoon ne pahale misr ke prachin itihas se jnan prapt kiya aur apane purakhe pharaoon ke jivan aur shasan ki ghatanaoan par vichar kiya. devataoan ki bhi d aur unake pujariyoan ki shakti se dabe apane poorvajoan ki dayaniy sthiti se use b di vyatha huee . jab-jab vah apane sapanoan ke soot sulajhata, devataoan ki bhi d use baukhala deti aur unaki anekata ki arajakata mean, vah chahata, ek vyavastha ban jae. apane poorvajoan ki rajaniti mean uttari aphrika ke svatantr ilakoan ko, door pashchimi eshiya ke char rajyoan ko usane misri pharaoonoan ki chhaya mean siku date aur shasan ke ek sootr mean bandhate dekha tha aur usase usane apane man mean ek nee vyavastha ki nianv dali. usane kaha-jaise nil nad ke udgam se philistin aur siriya tak ek pharaoon ka samrajy hai, kyoan nahian vaise hi devataoan ki sankhyatit bhi d ke badale pharaooni samrajy ki simaoan tak bas ek devata ka samrajy vyape, matr ek ki pooja ho? aur is chiantan ke samay usaki drishti devataoan ki bhi d par kar soory ke bianb se ja takaraee. us dahyashil prakashaman vartul agnipiand ne usake chetr chauandhiya die. drishti phir us chamak ke pare n ja saki. ikhanatoon ne apane chiantan aur prashn ka uttar pa liya-usane soory ko apana ishtadev banaya.

prachin jatiyoan ke vishvas mean sooraj ke gole ne bar-bar ek kutoohal paida kiya tha aur use janane ka prayatn sabhi jatiyoan ne samay-samay par kiya. grikoan ka promethiyash‌ usi ki khoj mean u da, hiandoo puranoan mean jatayu ka bhaee sampati usi arth soory ki or u da aur apane pankhoan ko jhulasakar prithvi par lauta aur in u danoan ka parinam hua agni ka jnan aur usaka upayog. parantu yah kisi ne n jan paya ki soory ke pichhe ki shakti kya hai, yadyapi laga sabako hi ki shakti hai koee usake pichhe, keval ve use janate bhar nahian. aisa hi bharatiy upanishadoan ke chiantakoan ko bhi pichhe laga aur unhoanne soory ke bianb ko brahm ka netr kaha.

ikhanatoon ko bhi kuchh aisa hi laga ki soory ke bianb ke pichhe kaee shakti hai nishchay, yadyapi vah use janata nahian. phir ikhanatoon ne nishchay kiya ki prakriti ka sabase mahanh‌, sabase sattavanh‌, sabase saravanh‌ saty soory ke bianb ke pichhe ki shakti hai jise ham nahian janate. kiantu n janana satta ke abhav ka praman nahian hai, avyakt ki pooja to hi hi sakati hai, chahe usaki moorti n ban sake. aur satta jitani hi amoortt hoti, jitani hi jnan ke ghere mean nahian sama pati, utani hi adhik vyapak hoti hai, utani hi mahanh‌. aur jis ajnat aur ajney shakti tak hamari medha nahian pahuanch pati, usaka prakash us prajvalit agnikhand soory ke roop mean to sada ham tak pahuanchata rahata hai, prakat hi hai. vahi sooryabianb ke pichhe ki shakti ikhanatoon ke vishvas ki daivi shakti bani. usi ko usane pooja.

parantu devata ya shakti ka bodh ho jana ek bat hai, usaka vichar sarvatha doosari bat. saty ka jab darshan hota hai tab prashn uthata hai ki usaki satyata ka jnan apane tak hi simit rakha jae ya apane bhinn janoan ko bhi usaka sakshatkar karaya jae. buddh ne jab jnan paya tab yahi prashn unake man mean utha aur unhoanne apana dekha saty doosaroan mean baantane ka nishchay kiya. jo pata hai vah dekar hi rahata hai. ikhanatoon ne paya tha aur paee vastu ko apane tak hi simit rakhana use svarthapar laga aur usane tay kiya ki vah dekar hi rahega. kiantu misri samrajy ki simaoan tak saty ko pahuanchana kuchh saral nahian tha. samane aandhavishvasoan ki, paranparaoan ki, unake shaktimanh‌ poojariyoan ki lauh divar kh di thi. par vaisi hi att astha ikhanatoon ki bhi thi, utana hi dridh usaka sankalp bhi tha aur usane apane saty ke prachar ka dridh nishchay kar liya. yah navin ka prachin ke viruddh vidroh tha. navin aur prachin mean ghamasan chhi d gaya.

is yuddh mean ikhanatoon ki si hi mahapran usaki bhagini aur patni naphreetete ke sahayog se use b da bal mila. atmaoan aur narak ke devata osiris aur usaki patni eesis, pteh aur set, ra aur amen adi devataoan ki lanbi pankti ko soory ke pichhe ki shaktivale vyapak devata ke jnan se ikhanatoon ne bedhana chaha. vah kary aur kathin is karan ho gaya ki ra aur amen soory ke hi nam the jinaki pooja sadiyoan pahale se misr mean hoti aee thi aur isi karan soory ke ne devata 'aton' ko purane ra aur amen ke bhaktoan ka samajh pana tanik kathin tha. yah bat pana aur kathin tha ki soory ka bianb aton svayan vah vishvavyapi devata nahian hai, usake pichhe ki shakti vah hasti hai jisaka soochak soory ka bianb hai, aur jo svayan sansar ki har vastu mean ram raha hai, jo akela hai, matr akela aur jisake pare any kuchh nahian hai, jo apane hi prakash se prakashit hai, jo charachar ka srashta hai. shankarachary ke advait brahm ka niroopan, baibil ki purani pothi ke nabiyoan ke ekeshvaravad, muhammad aur ek allah ke ilaham hone ke sadiyoan pahale ikhanatoon in mahatmaoan ke vicharoan ke bij ka adi roop mean prachar kar chuka tha. aur tab vah keval 15 varsh ka tha. 30 varsh ki ayu mean achary shankar ne apane vedaant se bharat ki digvijay ki; unaki adhi ayu-15 varsh-mean ikhanatoon ne apane aton ke ekeshvaravad ki mahima gaee. ek bhagavanh‌ ko samooche charachar ke adi aur aant ka karan mananevala itihas mean yah pahala ekeshvaravadi dharm tha jisaka ikhanatoon ne prachar kiya.

prachin devataoan ke purohitoan ne vidroh kiya. prachin rajaoan ki rajadhani thiviz thi. ikhanatoon ne soory ke nam par apani nee rajadhani basaee aur us rajadhani ke bahar vah kabhi nahian nikala. us rajadhani ka nam akhetaten tha. usake lie rajadhani ke prachiroan ke pichhe bane rahana isalie aur bhi sanbhav ho saka ki vah desh jitane aur yuddh karane ke lie apani nagari se bahar nahian jaega. vah gaya bhi nahian bahar. door ke praantoan ne karavat li, par vah nahian hila. apane ne dharm ka prachar vahian se karata raha. prachin devataoan ke purohitoan ke kaphru ka phatava diya aur usane javab mean unaki maphi chhin li, unaki daulat le li, unake devataoan ki lokottar sanpatti jabt kar li. is sanbandh mean ikhanatoon ne paryapt kathorata se kary kiya. prachin devataoan ki pooja usane samrajy mean band kar di, unake mandir viran kar die. usane apane devata aton ke shatru devata amen ke abhilekhoan mean jahaan-jahaan nam likhe the, sarvatr mitava die. usake pita ka nam amenahetep tha jisaka ekaansh shabd 'amen' nirmit karata tha. parinam yah hua ki jahaan-jahaan pita ka nam likha tha us prachin devata ka nam hone ke karan pita ka namaansh bhi vahaan-vahaan se mita dena p da.

15 varsh ke us balak ikhanatun ka yah ekeshvaravad to nishchay 13 varsh ke bad, usake marane par, usake shatruoan ne mita diya, par dharm aur darshan ke itihas mean donoan amar ho ge-ikhanatoon bhi, usake dharm ke siddhaant bhi. ikhanatoon ke is prachar ke lie use pagal ki upadhi mili, usake shatruoan ne use 'aton ka aparadhi' ghoshit kiya. parantu ikhanatoon n to pagal tha aur n, jaisa pray: ho jaya karata tha, vah hatyare ke chhure se mara. par vah dharm ka divana jaroor tha aur divana hi shayad vah mara bhi.

ikhanatoon ki medhavi soojh se badhakar apane ne dharm ke prachar ki kraanti ki bhavana thi, aur usase badhakar us prachar ke lie priti bhare shabdoan ka usane vyavahar kiya. vah kavi bhi tha aur apane devata ki shakti jin panktiyoan mean usane vyakt ki hai ve upanishadh ke udgaroan se kam chamatkari nahian haian. ashok ke shabdoan ki hi bhaanti usake hriday se nikalakar sunane aur padhanevaloan ke hriday mean ve baith jati thi. tel-el-amarana ki chattanoan par khudi ikhanatoon ki sooryashakti ki stuti mean banaee kuchh panktiyaan is prakar haian :

jab too pachchhimi asaman ke pichhe doob jata hai,
jagath‌ aandhere mean doob jata hai, mritakoan ki tarah;
har sianh tab apani maand se nikal p data hai,
saanp apane biloan se nikal p date haian, dasane lagate haian;
aandhakar ka raj phail chalata hai,
sannata duniya par apana saya dalata chala jata hai.

chamak uthati hai dhara jab too kshitij se nikal p data hai,
jab too asaman ki choti par aton ki aankh se din mean dekhata hai,
aandhere ka lop ho jata hai.
jab teri kiranean parasane lagati haian, iansan muskara uthata hai,
jag p data hai, apane pairoan par kh da ho jata hai, too hi use jagata hai.
apane aangoan ko vah dho dalata hai, lebas ko pahan leta hai;
phir ugate hue tumhare lal gole ko hath uthakar pooja hai,
tumako matha tekata hai.

navean nil ki dhara mean chal p dati haian, dhara ke anukool bhi, viparit bhi.
s dakean aur pagadandiyaan khul p dati haian, ki too ug chuka hai.
tumhari kiranoan ko parasane ke lie nadi ki machhaliyaan uchhal p dati haian;
aur tumhari kiranean phaile samuandar ki chhati mean kauandh jati haian.
too hi maan ke garbh mean shishu ko sirajata hai,
adami mean adami ka bij rakhata hai,
too hi kokh mean shishu ko pyar se rakhata hai jisase vah ro n p de,
dhay sirajata hai too hi kokh ke balak ke lie.
aur too hi jise sirajata hai usamean saans dalata hai,
aur jab vah maan ki kokh se dhara par girata hai, (too hi)
use kanth mean avaj dalata hai,
usaki jarooratean poori karata hai.

tere kamoan ko bhala gin kaun sakata hai?
aur tere kam hamari najar se ojhal haian, najar se pare.
o mere devata, mere matr devata, jisaki shakti ka kaee davedar nahian,
too ne hi yah jamin siraji, apane man ke mutabiq.

too mere hie mean basa hai, mujhe koee doosara janata bhi nahian,
akela mean, bas maian tera beta ikhanatoon, jan paya hooan tujhe.
aur toone mujhe is layak banaya hai ki maian teri hasti ko jan looan.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh