उज्जैन

ujjain
|200px|center
vivaran	prakriti ki god mean kshipra nadi ke kinare basa ujjain madhy pradesh rajy ka ek pramukh dharmik nagar hai.
rajy	madhy pradesh
zila	ujjain zila
marg sthiti	yah shahar s dakamarg dvara bhopal lagabhag 75 ki.mi. doori par sthit hai.
prasiddhi	isako kalidas ki nagari bhi kaha jata hai‎
kaise pahuanchean	kisi bhi shahar se bas aur taiksi dvara pahuancha ja sakata hai.
havaee adda	bhopal havaee adda,
relave steshan	ujjain relave steshan
kya dekhean	ujjain paryatan
es.ti.di. kod	0176
chitr:Map-icon.gif	googal manachitr, havaee adda
any janakari	ujjain sahity jagat ki amooly dharohar haian.

ujjain

ujjain paryatan

ujjain zila

ujjain bharat mean kshipra nadi ke kinare basa madhy pradesh ka ek pramukh dharmik nagar hai. yah aitihasik prishthabhoomi liye hua ek prachin shahar hai. ujjain maharaja vikramadity ke shasan kal mean unake rajy ki rajadhani thi. isako kalidas ki nagari bhi kaha jata hai. ujjain mean har 12 varsh ke bad 'sianhasth kuanbh' ka mela ju data hai. bhagavan shiv ke 12 jyotirliangoan mean se ek 'mahakaleshvar' isi nagari mean hai. madhy pradesh ke prasiddh nagar indaur se yah 55 ki.mi. ki doori par hai. ujjain ke any prachin prachalit nam haian- 'avantika', 'ujjaiyani', 'kanakashranga' adi. ujjain mandiroan ka nagar hai. yahaan anek tirth sthal hai. isaki janasankhya lagabhag 4 se 5 lakh ke lagabhag hai.

itihas

ujjain ka prachin itihas kafi vistrit hai. yahaan ke gadh kshetr mean huee khudaee mean aitihasik evan praranbhik lauh yugin samagri atyadhik matra mean prapt huee hai. mahabharat v puranoan mean ullekh hai ki vrishni sangh ke krishna v balaram ujjain mean guru sandipan ke ashram mean vidya prapt karane aye the. krishna ki patni mitravrinda ujjain ki rajakumari thian aur unake do bhaee 'vind' evan 'anuvind' ne mahabharat ke yuddh mean kauravoan ki taraf se yuddh kiya tha. ujjain ka ek any atyant pratapi raja hua hai, jisaka nam chandapradyot tha. bharat ke any raja bhi usase darate the. eesa ki chhathi sadi mean vah ujjain ka shasak tha. usaki putri vasavadatta evan vats rajy ke raja udayan ki prem katha itihas mean bahut prasiddh hai. bad ke samay mean ujjain magadh samrajy ka abhinn aang ban gaya tha.

kalidas ki priy nagari

ujjayini ke itihas prasiddh raja vikramadity ke darabar ke navaratnoan mean mahakavi kalidas pramukh the. kalidas ko ujjayini atyadhik priy thi. isi karan se kalidas ne apane kavy granthoan mean ujjayini ka atyadhik manoram aur suandar varnan kiya hai. mahakavi kalidas samrat vikramadity ke ashray mean rahakar kavy rachana kiya karate the. kalidas ne ujjayini mean hi adhikatar pravas kiya aur ujjayini ke prachin evan gauravashali vaibhav ko badhate dekha. par kalidas ki malava ke prati gahari astha thi. yahaan rahakar mahakavi ne vaibhavashali aitihasik attalikaoan ko dekha, udayan aur vasavadatta ki premakatha ko atyant bhavapoorn lipibaddh kiya. bhagavan mahakaleshvar ki sandhya kalin arati ko aur kshipra nadi ke pauranik aur aitihasik mahattv se bhali-bhaanti parichit hokar usaka atyant manoram varnan kiya, jo aj bhi sahity jagath ki amooly dharohar hai.

apani rachana 'meghadoot' mean mahakavi kalidas ne ujjayini ka bahut hi suandar varnan karate hue kaha hai ki- "jab svargiy jivoan ko apana puny kshin ho jane par prithvi par ana p da, tab unhoanne vichar kiya ki ham apane sath svarg bhoomi ka ek khand (tuk da) bhi le chalate haian. vahi svarg khand ujjayini hai." mahakavi ne likha hai ki- "ujjayini bharat ka vah pradesh hai, jahaan ke vriddhajan itihas prasiddh adhipati raja udayan ki pranay gatha kahane mean poornat: pravin haian. kalidas krit 'meghadoot' mean varnit ujjayini ka vaibhav aj bhale hi vilupt ho gaya ho, parantu aj bhi vishv mean ujjayini ka dharmik, pauranik evan aitihasik mahattv hai. sath hi ujjayini jyotish ke kshetr mean bhi prasiddh hai. sat puranoan mean varnit prasiddh nagariyoan mean ujjayini pramukh sthan rakhati hai. ujjayini mean pratyek barah varshoan mean sianhasth kumbh namak mahaparv ka ayojan hota hai. kumbh ke pavan avasar par desh-videsh se karodoan shraddhalu, bhaktajan, sadhu-sant, mahatma evan akha doan ke mathadhish pramukh roop se ujjayini mean kalpavas karake moksh prapti ki kamana karate haian.

pramanik itihas

ujjayini ka pramanik itihas ee. san 600 varsh ke lagabhag ka milata hai. tatkalin samay mean bharat mean solah mahajanapad the. unamean se avanti janapad bhi ek tha. avanti janapad uttar evan dakshin do bhagoan mean vibhakt tha. uttari bhag ki rajadhani ujjayini thi tatha dakshin bhag ki rajadhani 'mahishmati' thi. us samay chandrapradyot nam ka raja sianhasan par tha. is pradyot raja ke vanshajoan ka ujjayini par lagabhag eesa ki tisari shatabdi tak shasan raha tha.

maury shasak

'bharatiy itihas' mean prasiddh maury kal ka samrat chandragupt maury bhi yahaan aya tha aur usaka pautr ashok ujjayini ka rajyapal bhi raha tha. usaki ek patni devi se maheandr aur 'sanghamitra' namak putr aur putri huee thi, jinhoanne shrilanka mean bauddh dharm ka prachar v prasar kiya tha. maury samrajy ke sthapit hone par magadh ke samrat bindusar ka putr ashok ujjayini ka shasak niyukt hua tha. bindusar ki mrityu ke bad ashok ne ujjayini ka shasan prabandh apane hathoan mean sambhala. yah ujjayini ke sarvaangin vikas ka samay tha. samrat ashok ke bad ujjayini ne anekoan samratoan ka patan aur utthan dekha.

maury samrajy ka patan

maury samrajy ke prasiddh shasak ashok ke bad ujjayini shakoan aur satavahanoan ki pratispardha ka mukhy keandr ban gee. shakoan ke pahale akraman ko ujjayini ke vir shasak vikramadity ne pratham sadi eesa poorv viphal kar diya tha, kintu kalaantar mean videshi shakoan ne ujjayini par apana adhikar kar liya. chastan v rudradaman shak vansh ke pratapi v lokapriy mahakshatrap hue the.

gupt samrajy

chauthi shatabdi ee. mean gupt aur aulikaroan ne malava se shakoan ki shasan satta samapt kar di. shak aur guptoan ke kal mean ujjayini kshetr ka arthik evan audyogik vikas hua. chhathi se dasavian sadi tak ujjain kalachuriyoan, maitrakoan, uttar guptoan, pushyabhootiyoan, chalukyoan, rashtrakootoan v pratiharoan ki rajanitik gatividhiyoan ka kendr raha.

any rajavanshoan ka adhikar

satavian shatabdi mean kannauj ke raja harshavardhan ne ujjayini ko apane samrajy mean mila liya. usake samay mean ujjayini ka sarvaangin vikas hua. san 648 ee. mean harshavardhan ki mrityu ke bad navian shatabdi tak ujjain paramar shasakoan ke adhipaty mean aya, jinaka shasan gayarahavian shatabdi tak chalata raha. is samay mean ujjain ki kramik unnati hoti rahi. paramaroan ke bad ujjain par chauhan aur tomar rajapootoan ne adhikaroan kar liya. san 1000 se 1300 ee. tak malava par paramar rajaoan ka shasan raha aur bahut samay tak paramar rajaoan ki rajadhani ujjain rahi. is samay mean siyak dvitiy, muanjadev, bhojadev, udayadity, naravarman jaise anek mahanh shasakoan ne sahity, kala evan sanskriti ki unnati mean apana samay lagaya.

dilli saltanat

isi samay dilli ke das evan khilaji vansh ke shasakoan ne malava par akraman kiya, jisase paramar vansh ka patan ho gaya. san 1235 ee. mean dilli ka shasak shamashuddin iltamish vidisha par vijay prapt karake ujjain ki aur aya aur us kroor shasak ne ujjain ko bahut buri tarah loota aur yahaan ke prachin mandiroan evan pavitr dharmik sthanoan ka vaibhav bhi nasht kar diya. san 1406 mean malava dilli saltanat se azad ho gaya. khilaji v afagan sultan svatantr roop se rajy karate rahe. mugal samrat akabar ne jab malava ko apane adhikar mean liya to akabar ne ujjain ko praantiy mukhyalay banaya. mugal badashah akabar, jahaangir, shahajahaan v aurangajeb ne yahaan shasan kiya.

marathoan ka adhikar

san 1737 ee. mean ujjain par siandhiya vansh ka adhikar ho gaya. san 1880 ee. tak yahaan siandhiya shasakoan ka ekachhatr rajy raha, jisamean ujjain ka vikas hota raha. siandhiya shasakoan ki rajadhani ujjain bani. maharaj ranoji siandhiya ne 'mahakaleshvar mandir' ka jirnoddhar karaya. siandhiya vansh ke sansthapak shasak ranoji shiande ke mantri ramachandr shenavi ne ajakal ujjain mean sthit mahakal ke mandir ka nirman karaya. san 1810 mean siandhiya shasak rajy ki rajadhani ko gvaliyar mean le aye, kintu usake bad bhi ujjain ka vikas hota raha. 1948 mean gvaliyar ko navin madhy bharat mean mila liya gaya.

aj bhi ujjayini mean anek dharmik, pauranik evan aitihasik mandir aur bhavan haian, jinamean bhagavan mahakaleshvar mandir, chaubis khanbha devi, gopal mandir, kal bhairav, boharo ka roja, vikraant bhairav, chausath yoginiyaan, nagar kot ki rani, harasiddhi maan ka mandir, gadhakalika devi ka mandir, mangalanath ka mandir, siddhavat, bina nianv ki masjid, gaj lakshmi mandir, brihaspati mandir, navagrih mandir, bhookhi mata, bhartrihari ki gufa, pir machhandaranath ki samadhi, kaliya dah pailes, kothi mahal, ghantaghar, jantar mantar mahal, chiantaman ganesh adi pramukh roop se ullekhaniy haian.

adhunik ujjain

ujjain nagar viandhy parvatamala ke pas aur pavitr kshipra nadi ke kinare samudr tal se 1678 phit ki ooanchaee par 23 digri .50' uttar deshaansh aur 75 digri .50' poorvi akshaansh par hai. nagar ka tapaman aur vatavaran samashitoshn hai. yahaan ki bhoomi upajaoo hai. mahakavi kalidas aur mahanh rachanakar banabhatt ne nagar ki khoobasoorati ko bahut hi sundar roop se varnit kiya hai. mahakavi kalidas likhate hai ki duniya ke sare ratn ujjain mean sthit haian aur samudroan ke pas keval jal hi bacha hai. ujjain nagar ki pramukh aur aanchalik boli mithi malavi boli hai. hindi ka bhi prayog kiya jata hai.

ujjain bharat ke itihas ke anek b de parivartanoan ka gavah hai. kshipra ke aantasthal mean is aitihasik nagar ke utthan aur patan ki anokhi aur spasht anubhootiyaan aankit hai. kshipra ke prakritik ghatoan par prakritik saundary ki anokhi chhata bikhari huee hai, jahaan asankhy logoan ka avagaman rahata hai, chahe rangoan se paripoorn kartik mela ho ya bhi d se bhara sianhasth kumbh ka mela ya sadharan dinacharya mean kshipra ka snan. nagar ko tin aur se ghere kshipra sabake man ko akarshit karati hai. kshipra ke ghat subah-subah mahakal aur harasidhdi mandiroan ki stuti ka svagat karate haian.

kshipra nadi jab uphan par ati hai to gopal mandir ki dehari ko chhoo leti hai. durgadas ki chhatri se thoda hi age chal kar nadi ki dhara nagar ke prachin parisar ke pas ghoom jati hai. bhartrihari ji ki gupha, pir machhindar aur gadhakalika maan ka mandir par karake nadi bhagavan mangalanath ji ke pas pahuanchati hai. mangalanath ji ka mandir sandipani ashram ke pas hi hai aur pas mean hi shri ram-janardan mandir ke pas suandar drishy haian. sidhdavat aur kal bhairav ki or mudakar kshipra kaliyadah mahal ko gherate huee lagabhag sabhi aitihasik sthanoan par hokar shant bhav se ujjain se age apani yatra ki or badh jati hai. kavi, bhakt, sadhu, kalakar, sant hoan ya paryatak, kshipra ke manoram tat pag-pag par mandiroan se yukt sabhi shraddhaluoan ke lie samman aur prerana ke adhar hai.

ujjayini nagari

prachin samay mean avantika, ujjayini, vishala, pratikalpa, kumudavati, svarnashrianga, amaravati adi anek namoan se jana jane vala nagar hi aj ujjain ke nam se prasiddh hai. sabhyata ke uday se hi yah nagar bharat ke pramukh tirth-sthal ke roop mean jana gaya . pavitr kshipra ke dahine tat par sthit is nagar ko bharat ki 'saptapuriyoan' mean se ek mana jata hai.

paryatan

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mahakaleshvar mandir

[[chitr:Mahakaleshwar-Temple.jpg|thumb|250px|mahakaleshvar mandir, ujjain]]

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shri mahakaleshvar jyotirliang madhy pradesh ke ujjain janapad mean avasthit hai. ujjain ka puranoan aur prachin any granthoan mean 'ujjayini' tatha 'avantikapuri' ke nam se ullekh kiya gaya hai. yah sthan malava kshetr mean sthit kshipra nadi ke kinare vidyaman hai. jab sianh rashi par brihaspati grah ka agaman hota hai, to yahaan pratyek barah varsh par mahakumbh ka snan aur mela lagata hai. ujjain nagar ke mahakaleshvar ki manyata barah jyotirliangoan mean se ek ki hai. mahakaleshvar mandir ka mahatmy vibhinn puranoan mean vistrit roop se varnit hai. mahakavi tulasidas se lekar sanskrit sahity ke anek prasiddh kaviyoan ne is mandir ka varnan kiya hai. logoan ke manas mean mahakal mandir ki parampara anadi kal se hai. prachin kal se hi ujjain bharat ki kalaganana ka keandr bindu hai aur shri mahakal ujjain nagar ke adhipati adidev mane jate haian.

bharatiy itihas ke pratyek kal mean shuang, kushan, satavahan, gupt, parihar tatha maratha kal mean is mandir ka jirnoddhar karaya jata raha hai. adhunik mandir ka punarnirman ranoji siandhiya ke samay mean malava ke soobedar shri ramachandr baba shenavi ne karaya tha. ajakal bhi mandiroan ka jirnoddhar evan suvidha vistar ka kary chalata rahata hai. mahakaleshvar ki pratima dakshinamukhi hai. taantrik pooja mean dakshinamukhi pooja ka mahattv barah jyotirliangoan mean se keval baba mahakaleshvar ko hi prapt hai. oankareshvar mean mandir ki oopari pith par mahakal moorti ki tarah oankareshvar shiv ji ki pratishtha hai. tisare bhag mean nagachandreshvar ki pratima ke darshan keval nagapanchami ke din ko hi hote haian. maharaja vikramadity aur raja bhoj ki mahakal pooja ke lie likhi gayian shasakiy sanadean mahakal mandir mean prapt hoti rahi hai. ajakal yah mandir mahakal mandir samiti ke tatvavadhan mean sanrakshit v surakshit hai.

shri b de ganesh mandir

shri shri mahakaleshvar mandir ke pas harasidhdi marg par bade ganesh ji ki bhavy aur kalatmak moorti pratishthit hai. is moorti ko padmavibhooshan pan. sooryanarayan vyas ke pita, vikhyat vidvanh sv. pan. narayan ji vyas ne nirmit karaya tha. mandir ke parisar mean saptadhatu se bani panchamukhi hanuman ji ki pratima ke sath hi sath navagrah mandir aur shrikrishna aur yashoda adi ki pratimaean bhi virajaman haian.

mangalanath mandir

[[chitr:Mangalnath-Temple-Ujjain-1.jpg|thumb|200px|mangalanath mandir, ujjain]] puranoan mean yah varnan aya hai ki ujjayini nagari mangal ki janani hai. vah vyakti jinaki kuandali mean mangal ki dasha bhari rahati hai, vah log apane anisht grahoan ki shaanti ke lie pooja-path karavane ke lie ujjain nagar ate haian. vaise desh mean mangal bhagavan ke anek mandir haian, kintu ujjain mean mangal ka janmasthan hone ke karan is jagah ki pooja ko adhik mahattv diya jata hai. manyata hai ki yah mandir bahut hi purana hai. siandhiya rajagharane ne is mandir ka punarnirman karavaya tha. ujjain shahar ko bhagavan mahakal ka nagar kaha jata hai, atev yahaan mangal bhagavan ki shiv roopi pratima ki shraddha bhavana ke sath pooja ki jati hai. pratyek mangalavar ko mandir mean shraddhaluoan ki bhi d lagi rahati hai.

harasidhdi mandir

ujjain nagar ke prachin dharmik sthaloan mean harasidhdi devi ka mandir pramukh hai. shri chintaman ganesh mandir se kuchh hi doori par aur rudrasagar talab ke kinare par sthit is mandir mean samrat vikramadity ne harasidhdi devi ki pooja ki thi. harasidhdi devi vaishnav sanpraday ki aradhy devi rahi haian. shiv puran ke anusar raja daksh ke dvara kiye gaye yajn ke bad sati ki kohani yahaan par giri thi.

kshipra ghat

ujjain nagar ke dharmik nahari hone mean kshipra nadi ke ghatoan ka pramukh sthan hai. nadi ke dayean kinare par, jahaan ujjain nagar sthit hai, sidhibadhd ghat haian. in ghatoan par anek devi-devataoan ke naye v purane mandir hai. kshipra ke ghatoan ki sundarata sianhasth kumbh ke samay dekhate hi banati hai, jab lakhoan-karodoan shradhdalu yahaan bhakti aur shraddhapoorvak snan karate haian.

gopal mandir

[[chitr:Dwarikadhish-Gopal-Temple-Ujjain.jpg|thumb|200px|dvarakadhish gopal mandir, ujjain]]

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ujjain nagar ka doosara sabase b da 'mandir gopal' mandir mana jata hai. yah mandir nagar ke vyastatam bhag mean sthit hai. kaha jata hai ki is mandir ka nirman maharaja daulatarav siandhiya ki maharani bayaja baee ne sanh 1833 ke lagabhag karaya tha. is mandir mean nam ke anusar krishna (gopal) ki pratima hai. is mandir ke chaandi ke dvar akarshan ka kendr haian.

gadhakalika devi

ujjain mean sthit gadhakalika devi ka mandir vartaman ujjain nagar mean prachin avantika nagari ke kshetr mean haian. mahakavi kalidas gadhakalika devi ke upasak the. is prachin mandir ka maharaja harshavardhan dvara jirnoddhar karane ka ullekh bhi milata hai. maan kalika ke is mandir mean darshan ke lie roz hazaroan bhaktoan ki bhi d ekatr hoti hai. devi kalika taantrikoan ki devi mani jati haian . is chamatkarik mandir ki prachinata ke vishay mean mana jata hai ki isaki sthapana mahabharat kal mean huee thi, lekin moorti saty yug ki hai. bad mean is mandir ka jirnoddhar maharaja harshavardhan dvara karae jane ka ullekh bhi prapt hota hai. gvaliyar ke maharaja ne bhi isaka punarnirman karaya tha.

bhartrihari gupha

thumb|250px|bhartrihari gufa gyarahavian sadi ke ek mandir ke avashesh ko bhartrihari ki gupha kaha jata hai, jisaka samay samay par jirnoddhar hota raha .

kal bhairav

ujjain nagar mean kal bhairav mandir prachin avantika nagari ke kshetr mean sthit hai. yah mandir shiv ji ke upasakoan ke kapalik sampraday se ju da hua hai. aj bhi mandir ke aandar kal bhairav ki ek vishal pratima hai. kianvadanti hai ki prachin kal mean is mandir ka nirman raja bhadrasen ne karaya tha. puranoan mean varnit asht bhairav mean kal bhairav ka mahattvapoorn sthan hai.

sianhasth kumbh

sianhasth kumbh ujjain ka mahanh snan parv hai. yah parv barah varshoan ke aantaral se manaya jata hai. jab brihaspati sianh rashi mean hota hai, us samay sianhasth kumbh ka parv manaya jata hai. pavitr kshipra nadi mean puny snan ka mahatyam chaitr mas ki poornima se praranbh ho jata haian aur vaishakh mas ki poornima ke aantim snan tak bhinn-bhinn tithiyoan mean sampann hota hai. ujjain ke prasiddh kumbh mahaparv ke lie paramparik roop se das yog mahattvapoorn mane jate haian.

poore desh mean char sthanoan par kumbh ka ayojan kiya jata hai. prayag, nasik, haridvar aur ujjain. ujjain mean lagane vale kumbh meloan ko sianhasth ke nam se pukara jata hai. jab mesh rashi mean soory aur sianh rashi mean guru a jata hai tab us samay ujjain mean mahakuanbh mele ka ayojan kiya jata hai, jise sianhasth ke nam se desh bhar mean kaha jata hai. sianhasth mahakumbh ke ayojan ki prachin parampara hai. isake ayojan ke vishay mean anek kathaean prachalit hai. samudr manthan mean prapt amrit ki booandean chhalakate samay jin rashiyoan mean soory, chandr, guru ki sthiti ke vishisht yog hote haian, vahian kuanbh parv ka in rashiyoan mean grihoan ke sanyog par hi ayojan kiya jata hai. amrit kalash ki raksha mean soory, guru aur chandrama ke vishesh prayatn rahe the. isi karan in grahoan ka vishesh mahattv rahata hai aur inhian grihoan ki un vishisht sthitiyoan mean kuanbh ka parv manane ki parampara chali a rahi hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh