उपभोक्ता अधिकार
prathyek vhyakti ek upabhokta hai, chahe usaka vhyavasay, ayu, liang, samuday tatha dharmik vichar dhara koee bhi ho. upabhokta adhikar aur kalhyan aj prathyek vhyakti ke jivan ka avibhajhy hishsa ban gaya hai aur hamane apani dainik jivan mean is sabhi ka kahian n kahian upayog kiya hai. prathyek varsh 15 march ko "vishhv upabhokta adhikar divas" manaya jata hai. yah amerika ke poorv rashtrapati j aaun ef kenedi dvara ki gee ek aitihasik ghoshana mean bataya gaya tha, jisamean char moolabhoot adhikar batae ge haian.
- suraksha ka adhikar
- soochana pane ka adhikar
- chunane ka adhikar
- sune jane ka adhikar
is ghoshana se aantat: yah tathhy aantararashhtriy roop se manhy hua ki sabhi nagarik, chahe unaki ay ya samajik sthiti koee bhi ho unhhean upabhokhta ke roop mean moolabhoot adhikar haian. 9 aprail 1985 ek anhy ulhlekhaniy divas hai jab sanyukht rashhtr ki maha sabha dvara upabhokhta sanrakshan ke lie margadarshi siddhaantoan ka ek sait apanaya gaya aur sanyukht rashhtr ke maha sachiv ko niti mean badalav ya kanoon dvara in margadarshi siddhaantoan ko apanane ke lie sadashy deshoan se batachit karane ka adhikar diya gaya. in margadarshi siddhaantoan ne ek vhyapak niti roop rekha ka gathan kiya jisamean nimhnalikhit kshetroan mean upabhokhta sanrakshan ke lie sarakar dvara kie jane vale karyo ki zaroorat ki janakari di gee.[1]
- bhautik suraksha
- upabhokhta ke arthik hitoan ki suraksha aur prothsahan
- upabhokhta vashtuoan aur sevaoan ki suraksha tatha gunavatta ke lie manak
- rahat pane ke lie upabhokhtaoan ko saksham banane hetu sadhan
- vishishht kshetroan (bhojan, pani aur davaean) se sanbandhit sadhan aur
- upabhokhta shiksha aur soochana karyakram
ab yah sabhi jagah shvikar kar liya gaya hai ki upabhokhta ko adhikar hai ki use shoshan se bachane ke lie sabhi sangat janakariyaan pradan ki jae aur bazar se uthpad ya sevaean lete samay use paryapht vikalhp pradan kie jaean. ye adhikar rashhtriy tatha aantararashhtriy donoan hi manchoan par suparibhashit haian tatha sarakar ke saman anek abhikaran aur shvayan sevi sangathan nagarikoan ko suraksha pradan karane ke lie nirantar kary karate haian.
rashtriy upabhokta divas
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
bharat mean 24 disanbar ke din rashtriy upabhokta adhikar divas manaya jata hai, jise isi din upabhokhta sanrakshan adhiniyam, 1986 ko lagoo kiya gaya tha. upabhokhta sanrakshan adhiniyam upabhokhtaoan ke adhikaroan ki behatar suraksha pradan karane ke uddeshhy sahit sanyukht margadarshi siddhaantoan ke adhar par 1986 mean lagoo kiya gaya tha. is adhiniyam mean mukhhyat: dandathmak ya nivaranathmak marg ke shthan par shoshan aur anuchit roop se lenaden ke vibhinhn prakaroan ke khilaf upabhokhtaoan ko prabhavi suraksha pradan ki jati hai. yah sabhi vashtuoan aur sevaoan par lagoo hota hai jab tak ki ise vishesh roop se chhoot n di jaean aur isamean tivr tatha karm kharchile nhyay marg ke lie niji, sarvajanik aur sahakari kshetroan ko shamil kiya jata hai.
upabhokhta sanrakshan adhiniyam
upabhokhta sanrakshan adhiniyam, 1986 ke tahat adhikar bharat ke sanvidhan ki dhara 14 se 19 bich adhikaroan se aranbh hote haian. soochana ka adhikar adhiniyam, jisase hamare desh mean shasan prakriya mean ek khulapan aya hai aur sath hi isamean ab upabhokhta sanrakshan ke lie dooragami nihitarth shamil haian. adhiniyam ke anusar 'upabhokhta' ko nimhnanusar paribhashit kiya hai :
- koee vhyakti jo vichar hetu saman hetu kharidata haian aur koee vhyakti jo bikri karane vale ki anumati se in vashtuoan ka upayog karata hai.
- koee vhyakti jo vichar hetu koee seva kirae par leta hai aur in sevaoan ke koee labharthi, bashartean ki seva ka labh us vhyakti ke anumodan se liya gaya hai jisane vichar hetu sevaean kirae par li thian.
isake alava kisi aisi vashtu ya seva ko vichar mean lena jisake lie ya to bhugatan kiya gaya hai athava isaka vachan diya gaya haian ya aanshik bhugatan kiya gaya hai athava vachan diya gaya hai athava ise ek ashthagit bhugatan ki pranali ke tahat pradan kiya gaya hai.
- is adhiniyam mean upabhokhtaoan ke nimhnalikhit adhikaroan ke pravartan aur sanrakshan ki kalhpana ki gee hai
suraksha ka adhikar
isaka arth hai vashtuoan aur sevaoan ke vipanan ke viruddh suraksha pradan karana, jo jivan aur samhpatti ke lie jokhim poorn hai. kharidi gee vashtuean aur sevaean n keval tathkalik avashhyakataoan ki poorti karean balki inase dirgh avadhi hitoan ki poorti bhi honi chahie. kharidane se pahale upabhokhtaoan dvara vashtuoan ki gunavatta par jor diya jana chahie aur sath hi uthpad tatha sevaoan ki garanti par bal diya jana chahie. unhhean variyat: gunavatta chinhh vale uthpad kharidane chahie jaise aeeesaee, eg mark adi.
soochana pane ka adhikar
isaka arth hai vashtuoan ki matra, gunavatta, shakti, shuddhata, shtar aur moolhy ke bare mean janakari pane ka adhikar hai taki anuchit vhyapar prathaoan ke viruddh upabhokhta ko suraksha di ja sake. upabhokhta dvara ek uthpad ya seva ke bare mean sabhi janakari pane par bal diya jana chahie taki vah ek nirnay ya vikalhp ke pahale is par vichar kar sakean. isase use buddhimani aur jimhmedari se kary karane ki kshamata milegi tatha vah uchhch dabav vali bikri takanikoan ka shikar banane se bach sakega.
chunane ka adhikar
isaka arth hai ashhvasht hone ka adhikar, jahaan bhi pratishpardhi kimat par vashtuoan aur sevaoan ki kishmoan tak pahuanchana sanbhav ho. jahaan kisi ka ekadhikar hai, isaka arth hai santoshajanak gunavatta aur seva ka ashhvasan uchit moolhy par pana. isamean moolabhoot vashtu aur sevaoan ka adhikar bhi shamil hai. isaka karan hai alhpasankhhyak varg ko chunav ka abadhit adhikar dena taki ve isake b de hishse mean b de varg ko ashvikar kar sake. is adhikar ka upayog pratishpardhi bazar mean behatar roop se kiya ja sakata hai, jahaan anek prakar ki vashtue pratishpardhi kimatoan par upalabhdh haian.
sune jane ka adhikar
isaka arth hai upabhokhtaoan ke hitoan par upayukht manchoan mean paryapht dhhyan diya jaega. isamean upabhokhta kalhyan par vichar karane hetu gathit vibhinn manchoan mean adhikaroan ka pratinidhithv bhi shamil hai. upabhokhtaoan dvara gair rajanaitik aur gair vanijhyak upabhokhta sangathan banae jane chahie, jinhhean sarakar aur upabhokhtaoan se sanbandhit anhy mamaloan mean nikayoan dvara gathit vibhinhn samitiyoan mean pratinidhithv diya ja sake.
vivad sulajhane ka adhikar
isaka arth hai anuchit vhyapar prathaoan ya upabhokhtaoan ke galat shoshan ke viruddh vivad sulajhane ka adhikar. isamean upabhokhta ki vashtavik shikayatoan ke uchit nipatan ka adhikar bhi shamil hai. upabhokhtaoan dvara apani vashtavik shikayatoan ke lie shikayat darj karaee jani chahie. kee bar shikayat bahut kam kimat ki hoti hai. samaj par samaj par kul milakar isaka gahara prabhav hota hai. isamean upabhokhta sangathanoan ki sahayata se bhi apani shikayatoan ka nipatan kiya ja sakata hai.
upabhokhta shiksha ka adhikar
isaka arth hai poore jivan upabhokhta ko soochit bane rahane ka jnan aur kushalata arjit karane ka adhikar. upabhokhtaoan ki upeksha, vishesh roop se gramin upabhokhtaoan ki, yah unake shoshan ke lie mukhhy roop se uttaradayi hai. unhhean apane adhikaroan ka jnan hona chahie tatha inaka upayog avashhy karana chahie. keval tabhi vashtavik upabhokhta suraksha saphalata poorvak prapht ki jati hai.
is prakar upabhokhta sanrakshan ki chianta uchit vhyapar prathaoan ko sunishchit karane ke sath, vashtuoan ki gunavatta aur soochit upabhokhta sahit prabhari sevaoan se ju di hai jinhhean apani ruchi ki vashtu ki gunavatta, matra, shakti, banavat aur moolhy ki janakari ho. ek aisi upabhokhta sanrakshan niti aise parivesh ka srijan karati hai jisake dvara grahak aur upabhokhta unake lie avashhyak vashtuoan tatha sevaoan ki apoorti se santosh prapht karate haian.
upabhoktaoan ki pareshaniyaan
badhate bazaravad ke daur mean upabhokta sanskriti to dekhane ko mil rahi hai, lekin upabhoktaoan mean jagarookata ki kami hai. aj har vyakti upabhokta hai, chahe vah koee vastu kharid raha ho ya phir kisi seva ko prapt kar raha ho. darasal, muna़pha़khori ne upabhoktaoan ke lie kee tarah ki pareshaniyaan paida kar di haian. vastuoan mean milavat aur nimn gunavatta ki vajah se jahaan unhean pareshani hoti hai, vahian sevaoan mean vyavadhan ya paryapt seva n milane se bhi unhean d़ikqatoan ka samana karana p data hai. halaanki bharat sarakar kahati hai, jab ap poori qimat dete haian to koee bhi vastu vazan mean kam n lean. bat sahi hai ya nahian, yah sunishchit karane ke lie qanoon hai. yah slogan sarakari daphtaroan mean dekhane ko mil jaega. sarakar ne upabhoktaoan ko sanrakshan dene ke lie kee qanoon banae hue haian, lekin isake bavajood upabhoktaoan se poori qimat vasoolane ke bad unhean sahi vastuean aur vajib sevaean nahian mil pa rahi haian.
- upabhoktaoan ki kuchh pareshaniyaan
- sehat ke lie nuqasanadeh padarth milakar vyapariyoan dvara khady padarthoan mean milavat karana ya kuchh aise padarth nikal lena, jinake kam hone se padarth ki gunavatta par viparit asar p data hai, jaise doodh se krim nikal kar bechana.
- telivijan aur patr-patrikaoan mean gumarah karane vale vijnapanoan ke zariye vastuoan tatha sevaoan ka grahakoan ki maang ko prabhavit karana.
- vastuoan ki paikiang par di gee janakari se alag samagri paiket ke bhitar rakhana.
- bikri ke bad sevaoan ko anuchit roop se dena.
- doshayukt vastuoan ki apoorti karana.
- qimat mean chhupe hue tathy shamil hona.
- utpad par galat ya chhupi huee darean likhana.
- vastuoan ke vazan aur mapan mean jhoothe ya nimn star ke sadhan istemal karana.
- thok matra mean apoorti karane par vastuoan ki gunavatta mean giravat ana.
- adhikatam khudara mooly (emarapi) ka galat taur par nirdharan karana.
- emarapi se zyada qimat par bechana.
- davaoan adi jaise anivary utpadoan ki anadhikrit bikri unaki samapan tithi ke bad karana.
- kamazor upabhoktaean sevaean, jisake karan upabhokta ko pareshani ho.
- bikri aur sevaoan ki shartoan aur nibandhanoan ka palan n karana.
- utpad ke bare mean jhoothi ya adhoori janakari dena.
- garanti ya varanti adi ko poora n karana.[2]
upabhoktaoan ke adhikar
- jivan evan sanpatti ke lie hanikarak saman aur sevaoan ke vipanan ke khila़ph suraksha ka adhikar.
- saman athava sevaoan ki gunavatta, matra, kshamata, shuddhata, star aur mooly, jaisa bhi mamala ho, ke bare mean janakari ka adhikar, taki upabhoktaoan ko anuchit vyapar paddhatiyoan se bachaya ja sake.
- jahaan tak sanbhav ho uchit moolyoan par vibhinn prakar ke saman tatha sevaoan tak pahuanch ka ashvasan.
- upabhoktaoan ke hitoan par vichar karane ke lie banae ge vibhinn manchoan par pratinidhitv ka adhikar.
- anuchit vyapar paddhatiyoan ya upabhoktaoan ke shoshan ke viruddh nipatan ka adhikar.
- soochana sanpann upabhokta banane ke lie jnan aur kaushal prapt karane ka adhikar.
- apane adhikar ke lie avaz uthane ka adhikar.
map-tol ke niyam
- har baant par nirikshak ki muhar honi chahie.
- ek sal ki avadhi mean muhar ka satyapan zaroori hai.
- patthar, dhatuoan adi ke tuk doan ka baant ke taur par istemal nahian ho sakata.
- pheri valoan ke alava kisi any ko tarazoo hath mean paqad kar tolane ki anumati nahian hai.
- tarazoo ek huk ya chh d ki sahayata se lataka hona chahie.
- lak di aur gol dandi ki tarazoo ka istemal dandaniy hai.
- kapa mapane ke mitar ke donoan siroan par muhar honi chahie.
- tel evan doodh adi ke mapoan ke niche talla lataka hua nahian hona chahie.
- mithaee, giridar vastuoan evan masaloan adi ki tulaee mean dibbe ka vazan shamil nahian kiya ja sakata.
- paikiang vastuoan par nirmata ka nam, pata, vastu ki shuddh tol evan qimat kar sahit aankit ho. sath hi paikiang ka sal aur mahina likha hona chahie.
- paikiang vastuoan par mooly ka stikar nahian hona chahie.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ upabhokta adhikar (hiandi) business.gov.in. abhigaman tithi: 17 disanbar, 2013.
- ↑ upabhokhta kanoon aur ham: jago, grahak jago (hiandi) chauthi duniya. abhigaman tithi: 17 disanbar, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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