उपसर्ग
upasarg = up (samip) + sarg (srishti karana) ka arth hai- kisi shabd ke samip a kar naya shabd banana. jo shabdaansh shabdoan ke adi mean ju d kar unake arth mean kuchh visheshata late haian, ve upasarg kahalate haian. 'har' shabd ka arth hai parajay. parantu isi shabd ke age 'pr' shabdaansh ko jo dane se naya shabd banega - 'prahar' (pr + har) jisaka arth hai chot karana. isi tarah 'a' jo dane se ahar (bhojan), 'samh' jo dane se sanhar (vinash) tatha 'vi' jo dane se 'vihar' (ghoomana) ityadi shabd ban jaeange. uparyukt udaharan mean 'pr', 'a', 'samh' aur 'vi' ka alag se koee arth nahian hai, 'har' shabd ke adi mean ju dane se usake arth mean inhoanne parivartan kar diya hai. isaka matalab hua ki ye sabhi shabdaansh haian aur aise shabdaanshoan ko upasarg kahate haian. hindi mean prachalit upasargoan ko nimnalikhit bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai.
- sanskrit ke upasarg,
- hindi ke upasarg,
- urdoo aur farasi ke upasarg,
- aangrezi ke upasarg,
- upasarg ke saman prayukt hone vale sanskrit ke avyay.
sanskrit ke upasarg
kram | upasarg | arth | shabd |
---|---|---|---|
1 | ati | adhik | atyadhik, atyant, atirikt, atishay |
2 | adhi | oopar, shreshth | adhikar, adhipati, adhinayak |
3 | anu | pichhe, saman | anuchar, anukaran, anusar, anushasan |
4 | ap | bura, hin | apayash, apaman, apakar |
5 | abhi | samane, charoan or, pas | abhiyan, abhishek, abhinay, abhimukh |
6 | av | hin, nich | avagun, avanati, avatar, avanati |
7 | a | tak, samet | ajivan, agaman |
8 | uth | ooancha, shreshth, oopar | udgam, utkarsh, uttam, utpatti |
9 | up | nikat, sadrish, gaun | upadesh, upavan, upamantri, upahar |
10 | durh | bura, kathin | durjan, durgam, durdasha, durachar |
11 | dush | bura, kathin | dushcharitr, dussahas, dushkar |
12 | nirh | bina, bahar, nishedh | niraparadh, nirjan, nirakar, nirgun |
13 | nish | rahit, poora, viparit | nissar, nistar, nishchal, nishchit |
14 | ni | nishedh, adhikata, niche | nivaran, nipat, niyog, nishedh |
15 | para | ulta, pichhe | parajay, parabhav, paramarsh, parakram |
16 | pari | asapas, charoan taraph | parijan, parikram, paripoorn, parinam |
17 | pr | adhik, age | prakhyat, prabal, prasthan, prakriti |
18 | prati | ulata, samane, har ek | pratikool, pratyaksh, pratikshan, pratyek |
19 | vi | bhinn, vishesh | videsh, vilap, viyog, vipaksh |
20 | samh | uttam, sath, poorn | sanskar, sangam, santusht, sanbhav |
21 | su | achchha, adhik | sujan, sugam, sushikshit, supatr |
hindi ke upasarg
kram | upasarg | arth | shabd |
---|---|---|---|
1 | a | abhav, nishedh | achhoota, athah, atal |
2 | an | abhav, nishedh | anamol, anaban, anapadh |
3 | ku | bura | kuchal, kuchaila, kuchakr |
4 | du | kam, bura | dubala, dulara, dudharoo |
5 | ni | kami | nigo da, nidar, nihattha, nikamma |
6 | au | hin, nishedh | augun, aughar, ausar, ausan |
7 | bhar | poora | bharapet, bharapoor, bharasak, bharamar |
8 | su | achchha | sudaul, sujan, sugh d, suphal |
9 | adh | adha | adhapaka, adhakachcha, adhamara, adhakachara |
10 | un | ek kam | unatis, unasath, unahattar, uantalis |
11 | par | doosara, bad ka | paralok, paropakar, parasarg, parahit |
12 | bin | bina, nishedh | binabyaha, binabadal, binapae, binajane |
arabi-farasi ke upasarg
kram | upasarg | arth | shabd |
---|---|---|---|
1 | kam | tho da, hin | kamazor, kamabakht, kamakl |
2 | khush | achchha | khushanasib, khushakhabari, khushahal, khushaboo |
3 | gair | nishedh | gairahazir, gairaqanooni, gairamulk, gair-zimmedar |
4 | na | abhav | napasand, nasamajh, naraz, nalayak |
5 | b | aur, anusar | banam, badaulat, badastoor, bagair |
6 | ba | sahit | bakayada, baijzat, baadab, bamauka |
7 | bad | bura | badamash, badanam, badaqismat,badaboo |
8 | be | bina | beeeman, beijzat, bechara, bevakoof |
9 | la | rahit | laparavah, lachar, lavaris, lajavab |
10 | sar | mukhy | sarataj, saradar, sarapanch, sarakar |
11 | ham | saman, sathavala | hamadardi, hamarah, hamumr, hamadam |
12 | har | pratyek | haradin, harasal, harek, harabar |
aangrezi ke upasarg
kram | upasarg | arth | shabd |
---|---|---|---|
1 | sab | adhin, niche | sab-jaj sab-kameti, sab-ianspektar |
2 | dipti | sahayak | dipti-kalektar, dipti-rajistrar, dipti-ministar |
3 | vais | sahayak | vaisaray, vais-chaansalar, vais-presideant |
4 | janaral | pradhan | janaral mainejar, janaral sekretari |
5 | chif | pramukh | chif-ministar, chif-ianjiniyar, chif-sekretari |
6 | hed | mukhy | hedamastar, hed klark |
upasarg ke saman prayukt hone vale sanskrit ke avyay
kram | upasarg | arth | shabd |
---|---|---|---|
1 | adhah | niche | adhahpatan, adhogati, adhomukhi, adholikhit |
2 | aantah | bhitari | aantahkaran, aantahpur, aantarman, aantardeshiy |
3 | a | abhav | ashok ,akal, aniti |
4 | chir | bahut der | chiranjivi, chirakumar, chirakal, chirayu |
5 | punarh | phir | punarjanm, punarlekhan, punarjivan |
6 | bahirh | bahar | bahirgaman, bahishkar |
7 | sath | sachcha | sajjan, satkarm, sadachar, satkary |
8 | pura | puratan | puratattv, puravritt |
9 | sam | saman | samakalin, samadarshi, samakon, samakalik |
10 | sah | sath | sahakar, sahapathi, sahayogi, sahachar |
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