ऊर्णाजिन
oornajin (far) jantuoan ke un charmoan ko kahate haian jinamean unaka prakritik lom (bal) laga hi rahata hai. thande deshoan mean, visheshakar vahaan ke dhanikoan mean, oornajin pahanane ka prachalan adhik hai, avashyakata ke lie utana nahian jitana dikhave ke lie. oornajin ke ek ek janana ovarakot ke lie log kee kee hajar rupe tak de dete haian, visheshakar tab jab oornajin kisi durlabh jantu ke charm se bana rahata hai ya usaka koee vishesh rang rahata hai. videshoan me far mean unhian charmo ki ginati ki jati hai jo pahane jate haian. bichhane ke lie upayukt mrigacharm, vyghraacharm ya rrikshacharm adi ki ginati isamean nahian hoti.
jangali jantuoan se to oornajin milata hi hai, ab palatoo jantuoan se bhi bahut sa oornajin prapt hota hai. jangali jantuoan mean sadharanat: do tarah ke lom hote haian, ek b de, jo varsha se jantu ki raksha karate haian aur sanrakshak lom kahalate haian; doosare chhote aur dhane, jo shit se jantu ko bachate haian. ye adholom kahalate haian. kuchh oornajin sanrakshak lom ko chunakar (nikalakar) aur adholom ko katarani se barabar katarakar taiyar kie jate haian.
sansar ka adhikaansh oornajin uttari amarika aur saibiriya se ata hai, parantu tho da bahut oornajin yoorop, chin, japan, eeran, astreliya, aphraki aur dakshini amarika se bhi prapt hota hai. thande deshoan se prapt oornajin mean lom ghane aur lanbe hote haian. oornajin ki uttamata par rritu ka bhi b da prabhav p data hai. bich ja de mean mare ge jantuoan se sabase achchha oornajin prapt hota hai. ja de ke aant mean cham da mota ho jata hai aur lom jh dane lagate haian. khuravale pashuoan ki khal (jaise bhe d, bakari adi ki khal) bhi pahanane ke kam mean ati hai. sadharanat: inake bachchoan ke janm lene ke ek saptah ke bhitar hi unaki khal le li jati hai. tattuoan ki khalean bhi isi prakar kam mean ati haian. assi se oopar tarah ke janavaroan ki khalean oornajin banane ke lie praryukt hoti haian, jinamean aposam, armin, oodabilav, gilahari , chianchila, chita, bandar, bakari, billi, bivar, bhe d, bhe diya, maskarait, miank, raikoon, lianks, lom di, shashak, siyar, sil, sebul, ekank adi jantu haian.
jantupalan - ab oornajin denevale jantu pale bhi jate haian, visheshakar miankh lom di, raibit adi. miank oodabilav ki tarah ka janavar hai, jo lagabhag 2 phut lanba hota hai. isaka oornajin bahumooly hota hai. varnasankar karake kee rang ke miank utpann kie ge haian, yadyapi pahale keval katthee aur kali dhari vale saphed miank hi upalabdh the. jantuoan ko b de b de jalidar pianj doan mean rakha jata hai, jinamean ve svachchhandata se kood phaand sakate haian aur isalie svasth rahate haian. nar aur mada ke pianj de agal bagal rakhe jate haian jisase ve ek doosare se parichit ho jaean, anyatha unako ek sath karane par unake l dane aur ek ke marane ka bhay rahata hai. janavaroan ko svachchh rakhana chahie. ahar aur aushadh ka uchit prabandh rahana chahie. pahale in vishayoan ka jnan achchha nahian tha parantu ab amarika ki sarakar ne bahut paisa kharch karake in batoan par anusandhan karaya hai or pustakoan tatha paramarsh denevale daktaroan dvara parikshit ritiyoan ka jnan sulabh kar diya gaya hai. khal khianchane ke bad bhitar lage maans aur charabi ko khurachakar nikal diya jata hai aur tab lak di ke pataroan par ya dhatu ke chaukhatoan par tanakar khaloan ko sookhane diya jata hai.
sijhana - sookh khalean jab sijhanevale karakhanoan mean pahuanchati haian to unako namak ke ghol mean dal diya jata hai, jisame ve naram ho jaean parantu s dean nahian. tab chhoore ki dhar par unako idhar se udhar khiancha jata hai, jisamean bhitari jhilli khurach uthe. tab unhean phitakiri tatha tho de se aml ke mishran mean dala jata hai. isamean se nikalane aur sukhane ke bad cham di ki aur makkhan, charbi ya tel mala jata hai, tab unapar mashin se kuandi ki jati hai. phir unhean bahut b de dhol mean dal diya jata hai jisamean kisi k di lak di ki kunaee rahati hai. ye dhol mashin se ghoomate rahate haian aur is prakar kunaee khaloan ko achchhi tarah saph kar deti hai.
yadi rangaee karani hoti hai to khaloan ko ksharamay (soda adi ke) ghol mean dal diya jat hai, jisamean oopar laga tail adi kat jata hai. tab unhean kasis (lauh salphet) ya sodiyam baikromet ke ghol mean dalate haian. isase lom mean rang pak dane ki shakti a jati hai. tab unhean rang ke ghol mean dala jata hai. khaloan ke rang jane ke bad unako dhoya jata hai. pakka rahane ke karan dhone se rang nahian chhootate, keval anavashyak rasayanik padarth bah jate haian. khaloan mean anavashyak jal ab mashin dvara nikal liya jata hai. ardhashushk khaloan ko bari-bari se shushk kunaee vale kee dholoan mean nachakar poornataya sukha liya jata hai. phir unhean jalidar pianj de mean dalakar nachaya jata hai, jisase kunaee pray: sab alag chhitak jati hai. tab khaloan ko beant se pita jata hai aur aant mean sanpidit vayu se unako poornataya svachchh kar liya jata hai. avashyakata hoti hai to sanrakshak lom ko mashin se ukha d lete haian aur adholom ko katakar ek ooanchaee ka kar dete haian. aisa jantuoan ki keval kuchh hi jatiyoan (jaise sil ya bivar) ke lie karana p data hai.
vyapar - adhikaansh oornajin jangali pashuoan ko marane ya phansane se prapt hota hai, parantu kainada mean lagabhag 40 pratishat oornajin pale ge janavaroan se prapt hota hai. ab nyooy aaurk oornajin vyapar ka keandr ho gaya hai; pahale landan aur laipasig the. 50 karo d rupe se adhik ka mal prati varsh bikata hai. saste oornajinoan ki hi adhik khapat hai jo raibit adi se prapt hote haian.
oornajinoan se kot, bandi, gulooband aur dupatte banate haian. isake atirikt ve ooni kap doan mean kalar, kaph, aur kinari ke lie bhi prayukt hote haian. saste oornajin astar ke lie bhi kam ate haian. jootoan mean bhi inaka astar diya jata hai, jisamean pair garam harean. ek ek ovarakot mean kee janavaroan ki khal lag jati hai aur mooly kee hajar se lekar do char sau rupe tak hota hai. amarika mean hi oornajinoan ki adhik khapat hai aur vidhan bane haian, jinaka k daee se palan hota hai. inake anusar vikreta ko spasht shabdoan mean batana p data hai ki rang asali haian ya nakali aur khal kis janavar ki hai. oornajinoan par vahaan ki sarakar gahara kar lagati hai, jisase varsh mean karo doan rupe vasool ho jate haian.
oornajin garami aur barasat se kharab ho jate haian. garami mean lom k de ho jate haian, jisase ve toot ya jhar jate haian aur barasat se kee janavaroan ke lom ek doosare mean chipak jate haian. isalie bahut se thok vikreta apane mal ko bijali se thandi ki huee kothariyoan mean rakhate haian.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 2 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 191 |