ऋत्विक घटक

rritvik ghatak
rritvik ghatak|200px|center
poora nam	rritvik ghatak
janm	4 navambar, 1925
janm bhoomi	dhaka, baangladesh
mrityu	6 faravari, 1976
mrityu sthan	kolakata, pashchim bangal
pati/patni	surama ghatak
santan	ritaban ghatak (putr), sanhita ghatak, suchismita ghatak (putri)
karm-kshetr	film nirmata-nirdeshak, naty nirdeshak aur patakatha lekhak
mukhy filmean	'nagorik' (1952), 'ajaantrik' (1958), 'meghe dhaka tara' (1960), 'komal gandhar' (1961) aur 'subarnarikha' (1962) adi.
puraskar-upadhi	padm shri, rashtriy film puraskar
nagarikata	bharatiy
any janakari	natakoan ka lekhan, nirdeshan aur abhinay ke alava unhoanne bertelt brosht aur gogol ko baangla mean anuvad bhi kiya. 1957 mean unhoanne apana aantim natak jvala (d barniang) likha aur nirdeshit kiya.

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rritvik ghatak (aangrezi: Ritwik Ghatak, baangla: ঋত্বিক ঘটক, janm: 4 navambar, 1925; mrityu: 6 faravari, 1976) ek bangali bharatiy film nirmata-nirdeshak, naty nirdeshak aur patakatha lekhak the. bharatiy film nirdeshakoan ke bich rritvik ghatak ka sthan satyajit re aur mrinal sen ke saman mana jata hai. rritvik ghatak aise filmakar hue haian jinaki kala ke har star par bechaini dikhaee deti hai. unaki filmoan ki prishthabhoomi mean paida hone vala visthapan dil ke kisi kone se bar-bar avaz deti nazar ati hai. bharatiy sinema ke utkrisht nirdeshakoan se bhi age ki soch rakhane vale rritvik ghatak ka kam nirdeshak ke roop mean itana prabhavashali raha hai ki bad ke kee bharatiy film nirmataoan par isaka prabhav saf-saf dikhaee deta hai. unhoanne hamesha natakiy aur sahityik pradhanata par jor diya. ve poori tarah se bharatiy vyavasayik film ki duniya ke bahar ke vyakti the. vyavasayik sinema ki koee bhi visheshata unake kam mean nazar nahian ati hai.

jivan parichay

rritvik ghatak ka janm 4 navanbar, 1925 ko tatkalin poorvi bangal ke dhaka mean hua. bad mean unaka parivar kolakata a gaya. yahi vah kal tha jab kolakata sharanarthiyoan ka sharanasthali bana hua tha. chahe 1943 mean bangal ka akal, chahe 1947 mean bangal ke vibhajan ho ya phir 1971 ke baangladesh mukti yuddh, is daur ka visthapan ne rritvik ghatak ke jivan ko kafi prabhavit kiya. yahi karan hai ki saanskritik vichchhedan aur nirvasan unaki filmoan mean bakhoobi dikhata hai. 1948 mean rritvik ghatak ne apana pahala natak 'kalo sayar' (d dark lek) likha aur aitihasik natak ‘nabanna ke punaruddhar” mean hissa liya. 1951 mean ve iandiyan pipals thietar esosieshan ke sath ju d ge. natakoan ka lekhan, nirdeshan aur abhinay ke alava unhoanne bertelt brosht aur gogol ko bangala mean anuvad bhi kiya. 1957 mean, unhoanne apana aantim natak jvala (d barniang) likha aur nirdeshit kiya. nimaee ghosh ke chinnamool (1950) mean bataur abhineta aur sahayak nirdeshak ke roop mean rritvik ghatak ne filmi duniya mean pravesh kiya. unaki pahali poorn film nagarik (1952) aee, donoan hi filmean bharatiy sinema ke lie mil ka patthar thian. ajaantrik (1958) rritvik ghatak ki pahali vyavasayik film thi. film madhumati (1958) ke patakatha lekhak ke roop mean rritvik ghatak ki sabase b di vyavasayik saphalata thi, jisaki kahani ke lie filmapheyar puraskar mean namaankit hue. rritvik ghatak ne qarib ath filmoan ka nirdeshan kiya. unaki sabase prasiddh filmean, meghe dhaka tara (1960), komal gandhar (1961) aur subarnarikha (1962) thian. 1966 mean rritvik ghatak pune chale ge jahaan ve bharatiy film aur telivijan sansthan mean adhyapan karane lage. 1970 ke dashak mean rritvik ghatak film nirman mean phir vapas laute. lekin tab tak ve khud ko atyadhik sharab ke sevan mean dubo chuke the. unaka svasthy kharab ho chuka tha. unaki akhiri film atmakathatmak thi jisaka nam tha ‘jukti tokko ar goppo” (1974) thi. 6 faravari 1976 ko unaka nidhan ho gaya.

pramukh filmean

bataur nirdeshak aur patakatha lekhak nagorik (nagarik) (1952) ajaantrik (ayantrik, dayaniy bhranti) (1958) ba di theke palie (bhago da) (1958) meghe dhaka tara (badaloan se chhaya hua sitara) (1960) komol gandhar (ee-phlait) (1961) subarnarekha (1962/1965) titash ekti nadir nam (titash ek nadi ka namak) (1973) jukti tokko ar goppo (karan, bahas aur ek kahani) (1974)

bataur patakatha lekhak musaphir (1957) madhumati (1958) svaralipi (1960) kumari mon (1962) diper nam tiya roang (1963) rajakanya (1965) bataur abhineta tothapi (1950) chinnamool (1951) kumari mon (1962) subarnarikha (1962) titas ekti nadir nam (1973) jukti, tokko, ar goppo (1974)

laghu filmean aur vrittachitr di laiph aauf di adivasiz (1955) plesej aauf historik iantarest in bihar (1955) sijar (1962) phiyar (1965) r aaundevooz (1965) sivil diphens (1965) kal ke vaijnanik (1967) ye kyoan (kyoan / ek prashn) (1970) amar lenin (mera lenin) (1970) puruliyar chhaoo (puruliya ka chhaoo nrity) (1970) durbar gati padma (ashaant padm) (1971)

pramukh pustakean

• rritvik ghotoker g aaulapo (jisamean laghu kahaniyaan "gachti", "shikha", "roopakotha", "chokh", "k aaumared", "prem", "mar" aur "raja" bhi shamil hai)
• gaililiyo chorit (bresht dvara likhe laiph aauf gaililiyo ka bangali anuvad)
• jala (natak)
• dolil (natak)
• meghe dhaka tara (patakatha)
• cholochitro, manus eboang aro kichhu
• sinema eand aee, rritvik memoriyal trast, kolakata
• aaun kalcharal phrant
• roz eand roz aauf pheansez: rritvik ghatak aaun sinema, sigal pustak praivet limited, kolakata
• rritvik ghatak kahaniyaan, baangla se rani re dvara anuvadit nee dilli, srishti prakashak aur vitarak

adivasi jivan ke pahale filmakar

[[chitr:Ritwik-Ghatak-Stamp.jpg|thumb|rritvik ghatak ke samman mean jari dak tikat]] adivasi jivan par pahali bar rritvik ghatak ne dakyoomeantri banayi thi. bihar sarakar ka yah prayas tha. rritvik ki umr tab yahi koee 25 ke as-pas thi. ipta se ju d chuke the aur natak likhana bhi shuroo kar diya tha. jharakhand se unaka parichay ho chuka tha. unhoanne apane kairiyar ki shuruat ‘bedini’ film se ki thi. 1952 mean film yoonit ko lekar ghatashila aye aur svarnarekha nadi ke kinare 20 dinoan tak rahe aur shootiang ki. halaanki yah film rilij nahian ho saki. rritvik ghatak adivasi samaj ko satyajit ray ki tarah nahian dekhate the. unhoanne ‘adivasi jivan ke srot’ evan ‘uraanv’ banayi, to adivasi samaj ko, unaki sanskriti ko nikat se dekhane ki koshish ki. filmakar meghanath ke shabdoan mean, “ve aee-leval se dekh rahe the.” yani, yah drishti samanata ki thi, sanvedana ki thi. donoan dakyoomeantri ki shootiang raanchi aur as-pas aur netarahat kshetr mean ki gayi thi. ‘adivasi jivan ke srot’ ki jab shootiang kar rahe the, to bich mean apani vyast dinacharya se tho da samay nikalakar apani path‍ni ko patr likhate. ek patr 22 faravari 1955 ka hai. likha hai, “uraanv-muanda ke sath sara din bit raha hai. inake sath rahakar mitti ki gandh mil rahi hai. inaka apoorv gan hamean madahosh kar de raha hai.” adivasiyoan ke samajik jivan ki visangatiyoan ki or bhi dhyan dilate haian. likhate haian, “adivasiyoan mean bachane ki ichchha hai. yahaan ki suandarata bhi itani apar hai ki isaka booand matr hi kaimare mean kaid kar pa raha hooan.” ve uraanv nrity par bhi mohit hote haian.

is apoorv sauandary ko kaid karane ke lie rritvik ghatak phir raanchi aye aur apani ‘ajaantrik’ film ki shootiang raanchi, ramagadh rod adi kshetroan mean ki. yah film baangla mean hai, lekin pahali bar uraanv yani ku dukh bhasha mean sanvad aur nrity ko is phichar film mean dikhaya gaya hai. unake nrity se rritvik ghatak kafi bhav-vibhor the. isalie isamean sarana jhande bhi lahara rahe the. adivasi jivan ki saralata, lavanyata ka anubhav kiya. filmakar meghanath kahate haian ki ajaantrik manush aur mashin ke bich sanbandhoan ki kahani haian. hasy ka put hai. lekin yah hansi hook bhi paida karati hai. baharahal, rritvik ghatak ko jharakhand kafi pasand tha. ise ve kabhi bhoole nahian. jab 1962 mean subarnarikha banayi, tab bhi nahian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• rritvik ghatak ke jivan par film
• "ajaantrik" - mashin se iansan ke prem ki kahani
• badaloan mean chhipa tara
• Ritwik Ghatak
• Nagarik, 1952
• Kinship and History in Ritwik Ghatak
• Ritwik Ghatak (Reinventing the Cinema)

sanbandhit lekh

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