कंठमाला

kanthamala las granthiyoan ka ek chirakari rog hai. isamean gale ki granthiyaan badh jati haian aur unaki mala si ban jati hai isalie use kanthamala kahate haian. ayurved mean isaka varnan 'gandamala' tatha 'apachi' do nam se upalabdh hai, jinhean kanthamala ke do bhed ya do avasthaean bhi kah sakate haian. inamean pray: kaph aur med ki adhikata hoti hai.

gandamala

chhoti ber, b di ber ya aanvale ke praman ki gaanthean (gand) gale mean ho jati haian jo mala ka roop dharan kar leti hai unhean gandamala kahate haian. parantu yah kshey hai aur isaka sthan keval griva pradesh hi nahian hai apitu sharir ke any bhagoan mean bhi, jaise kaksh, vankshan adi sthanoan mean granthiyoan ke sath hi isaka pradurbhav ya vikas ho sakata hai. gaanthoan ki shrriankhala ya mala hone ke karan ise gandamala kahate haian. jnatavy hai ki mamooli pratishyay, vran ityadi karanoan se bhi ye granthiyaan vikrit hokar badh jati haian parantu mala nahian ban pati haian at: inaka aantarbhav isamean nahian hota.

apachi

in granthiyoan ki mala mean jab pak hone lagata hai to use apachi kahate haian. isaka pradhan lakshan hai ki kisi granthi ke pak ho jata hai aur vah phootakar bah jati hai, parantu isake sath hi doosari granthi mean pak hone lagata hai aur vah bhi sravit ho jati hai. is prakar nee-nee granthiyoan ka badhana, phootana aur bahana laga rahata hai aur yah kram chalata hi rahata hai. parantu vran bharane par usaka chihn rah jata hai jisase usake sthan ka pata lagata rahata hai. is prakar bar-bar nee granthiyoan ka upachay hone ke karan ise apachi rog kaha gaya hai.

is sandarbh mean kee lekhakoan ka drishtikon hai ki gandamala aur apachi ek hi rog hai aur isaki do avasthaean haian. parantu yah jnatavy hai ki kuchh granthiyaan aisi hoti haian jinamean kabhi pak hota hi nahian aur kuchh mean hota hai. in donoan ka karan, lakshan evan chikitsa sab kuchh bhinn hai at: inako do bhinn varg bhi mana ja sakata hai, ek pakanevali aur doosari n pakanevali. parantu kanthamala mean donoan ka aantarbhav ho jata hai.

adhunik chikitsa pranali mean kanthamala ka tatsam roop saravaikal lianf aidinaitis hai. isamean griva pradesh ki lianf granthi ki vriddhi ho jati hai jinhean limf nod (gand) bhi kahate haian. mukh mean, gale ke bhitar, kan mean ya shir par kisi prakar ke shoth ya pak ke karan ye granthiyaan badh jati haian jo pramukh rog ki chikitsa ya shaanti par pun: baith jati haian parantu inaka svaroop kabhi mala ka nahian hota aur ye chirakari bhi nahian hotian. ye bahudha ashukari hi hoti haian arthath‌ inaka uday aur shaanti donoan kshipr hi hoti hai. chirakari prakar ki granthiyoan ke mukhy karan tin haian-

1. kshayaj las granthi (tyubarakular lianph edinaitis)
2. aupadanshik las granthi (sifiliti lianf edinaitis)
3. las granthiyoan ke arbud (hachakin diziz lyookimiya ityadi)

kshayaj las granthi

kshay rog ki utpatti kshay ke kitanuoan se hoti hai, aisa siddh hi ho chuka hai. kshay ke kitanu do prakar ke hote haian :

1. hyooman
2. bovain

isamean pratham prakar ke kitanuoan se pheph de ke rog hote haian, doosare prakar ke kitanuoan se gale ke, aantoan ke tatha tatsasanbandhi las granthiyoan ke. isase spasht hai ki kanthamala ki utpatti bovain jati ke kitanu se hoti hai. yah ullekhaniy hai ki is prakar ke kitanuoan ka sankraman godugdh ke dvara hota hai. yadi doodh ko achchhi tarah ubalakar piya jae to is rog ke hone ki sanbhavana nahi rah jati hai.

lakshan evan ilaj

jahaan tak isake lakshan evan chikitsa ka prashn hai, yah visheshakar gale ke agale bhag mean granthiyoan ke roop mean utpann hota hai aur kramash: pakata evan phootata rahata hai. sath hi, rajayakshma ke any sabhi lakshan, jaise jvar, bhookh ka kam lagana, durbalata adi bhi pae jate haian. isaki chikitsa mean samany roop se streptomaisin evan aisoniyazid evan pas ka prayog hota hai. is rog se poorn mukt hone ke lie chikitsa lanbe samay tak karani chahie. arthath dedh se do varsh tak anyatha pun: pradurbhav hone ka dar bana rahata hai. kisi-kisi avastha mean shaly chikitsa ka bhi sahara lena p data hai. sath hi paushtik ahar evan uchit aram ki upayogita rog nivaran se kam nahian hai.

ye granthiyaan bahudha griva ke parshv bhag mean paee jati haian. ye kathin tatha apaki hoti haian. inamean vedana bhi nahian hoti. at: ye kanthamala ka svaroop nahian le patian. inaki utpatti ka karan upadansh ke jivanu haian. isaki chikitsa bhi upadansh virodhi chikitsa hi hai. pahale arsenik, bisamath evan para adi dhatuoan ka prayog inaki chikitsa mean hota tha. parantu ye kafi vishakt the at: dhire-dhire inaka prayog mean ana band ho gaya hai. ajakal isaki sugam chikitsa pensilin ke dvara hi hoti hai aur ab pensilin ke yug mean griva ke aupadanshik las granthiyoan ke rogi dikhaee bhi kam dete haian.

las granthiyoan ke arbud

hachakin diziz, lyookimiya evan lianfosarkoma mukhy roop se las granthiyoan ke arbud haian. inamean hachakin dizij pramukh hai. lianphosarkroma ek ashukari vyadhi hai jisamean do tin haphte mean hi mrityu ho sakati hai aur lyookimiya ek prakar ka rakt ka kaiansar hai jisamean pliha ki vriddhi vishesh roop se hoti hai. rakt pariksha ke dvara isaka nirnay shighr ho jata hai.

lakshan evan ilaj

hachakin diziz mukhyataya naujavan vyaktiyoan mean paee jati hai. isamean gale ki vibhinn las granthiyaan kuchh tivr gati se tatha dhire-dhire vriddhi karati haian tatha ye tvacha se alag rahati haian. ye sparsh mean lachili maloom p dati haian. kuchh dinoan ke bad rogi mean rakt ki ati kshinata ho jati hai tatha rogi ko aniyamit dhang se jvar bhi ane lagata hai. sankshep mean, yah smaraniy hai ki griva mean hone vali sabhi las granthiyaan ek hi prakar ki nahian hotian aur unaki chikitsa bhi bhinn-bhinn hoti hai. sabhi granthiyoan ki kanthamala shabd se sanbodhit karana bhi uchit nahian hai. kanthamala shabd kshayaj las granthiyoan ke lie vishesh roop se prayog kiya jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh