कंदुकूरी वीरेशलिंगम
kandukoori vireshaliangam
| |
| poora nam | kandukoori vireshaliangam |
| janm | 16 aprail, 1848 |
| janm bhoomi | rajamandri, aandhr pradesh |
| mrityu | 27 mee, 1919 |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| karm-kshetr | telugu sahity |
| mukhy rachanaean | 'markandey shatakamh', 'gopal shatakamh', 'rasik jan manoranjanamh', 'shuddhaandhr nirhoshthy nirvachan naishadhamh', 'shuddhaandhr uttar ramayan' adi. |
| bhasha | telugu |
| prasiddhi | telugu sahityakar, natakakar, upanyasakar. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| vishesh | jis tarah hindi sahity ke itihas mean bharateandu harishchandr pragatishil chetana ke pratinidhi the, usi tarah kandukoori vireshaliangam pantulu telugu sahity ke itihas mean pragatishil chetana ke pratinidhi the. |
| any janakari | vireshaliangam ka jivan lakshy adarsh nahian balki acharan tha. isilie unhoanne vidhava ashramoan ki sthapana ki. stri shiksha ko protsahit karane ke lie 1874 mean rajamandri ke samip dhavaleshhvaramh mean aur 1884 mean innisapeta mean balikaoan ke lie pathashalaoan ki sthapana ki. |
| inhean bhi dekhean | kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi |
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kandukoori vireshaliangam (aangrezi: Kandukuri Veeresalingam ; janm- 16 aprail, 1848, rajamandri, aandhr pradesh; mrityu- 27 mee, 1919) telugu bhasha ke prasiddh vidvan, jinhean adhunik telugu sahity mean 'gady brahma' ke nam se khyati mili. sanatanapanthi brahman parivar mean janme vireshaliangam jati-paanti ke kattar virodhi the. unhoanne jati virodh aandolan ka sootrapat kiya. vireshaliangam ka jivan lakshy adarsh nahian, balki acharan tha. isilie unhoanne vidhava ashramoan ki sthapana ki. stri shiksha ko protsahit karane ke lie unhoanne 1874 mean rajamandri ke samip dhavaleshhvaram mean aur 1884 mean innisapeta mean balikaoan ke lie pathashalaoan ki sthapana ki. adhunik telugu gady sahity ke pravartak vireshaliangam ne pratham upanyasakar, pratham natakakar aur adhunik patrakarita ke pravartak ke roop me khyati arjit ki thi.
janm
kandukoori vireshaliangam ka janm 16 aprail, 1848 ko rajamaheandravaram (ab rajamandri), aandhr pradesh mean hua tha. ve sanatan panthi brahman parivar se sambandh rakhate the. unaka balyakal vipannata mean gujara, jisase unhoanne visham paristhitiyoan ka samana karana sikha. itana hi nahian, unhoanne apane aandar ki jijivisha ko hamesha jagae rakha.[1]
pragatishil chetana ke pratinidhi
vireshaliangam ke yug mean arthath 19vian shati ke aantim charan mean sanpoorn desh mean saanskritik jagaran ki lahar dau d rahi thi. samanti dhaancha toot chuka tha. desh mean sanvedanashil madhyavarg taiyar ho gaya tha, jo vyapak rashhtriy aur samajik hitoan ki drishhti se sochane laga tha. is varg ne yah anubhav kiya ki samajik, rajanaitik, arthik, dharmik aur saanskritik sabhi kshetroan mean sudhar ki avashhkata hai. jis tarah hindi sahity ke itihas mean bharateandu harishchandr is pragatishil chetana ke pratinidhi the, usi tarah kandukoori vireshaliangam pantulu telugu sahity ke itihas mean pragatishil chetana ke pratinidhi the. unhoanne samaj sudhar ke karyoan, bhashanoan aur sahity ke madhyam se jagaran ka sandesh diya.
brahm samaj ki sthapana
vireshaliangam jati-paanti ke kattar virodhi the. unhoanne jati virodh aandolan ka sootrapat kiya. jis tarah raja ramamohan ray ne brahm samaj ki sthapana ki thi, usi tarah aandhr pradesh mean sarvapratham kandukoori vireshaliangam ne brahm samaj ki sthapana ki. unhoanne 1887 mean rajamandri mean ‘brahmo mandir’ ki sthapana ki thi.
samaj seva
tatkalin samajik aur rajanaitik paristhitiyoan se prabhavit hokar vireshaliangam ne janata ko chiranidra se jagaya, chetaya, stri sashakhtikaran ko protsahit kiya, stri shiksha par bal diya, bal vivah ka khandan kiya, vidhava punarvivah ka samarthan kiya aur jamiandari pratha ka virodh kiya. unaki kathani aur karani mean koee aantar dikhaee nahian deta tha. unhoanne 11 disambar, 1881 ko 'pratham vidhava punarvivah' sanpann karavaya, jisake karan unaki kirti desh-videsh mean phail gee. unake seva karyoan se prabhavit hokar eeshvarachandr vidyasagar ne bhi unhean badhaee di.[1]
vireshaliangam ka jivan lakshy adarsh nahian balki acharan tha. isilie unhoanne vidhava ashramoan ki sthapana ki. stri shiksha ko protsahit karane ke lie 1874 mean rajamandri ke samip dhavaleshhvaramh mean aur 1884 mean innisapeta mean balikaoan ke lie pathashalaoan ki sthapana ki. itana hi nahian, stri ko apane adhikaroan ke prati jagarook karane ke lie ‘vivekavardhani’ (1874), ‘satihitabodhani’, ‘satyavadi’, ‘chiantamani’ adi patr-patrikaean aranbh kian. vastutah ‘vivekavardhani’ patrika ka mukhy udhdeshhy hi tha- "samaj mean vyapht rajanaitik visangatiyoan, bhrashhtachar, ghoosakhori, veshhya vritti, jat-paant, chhuachhoot, bal vivah, saanpradayikata aur sati pratha ka unmoolan."
lekhan kary
vireshaliangam ne apani sahityik yatra prabandh kavyoan se shuroo ki. unaki pramukh praranbhik prabandh rachanaean haian-
- markandey shatakamh (1868-69)
- gopal shatakamh (1868-69)
- rasik jan manoranjanamh (1879-71)
- shuddhaandhr nirhoshthy nirvachan naishadhamh (1871)
- shuddhaandhr uttar ramayan (1872)
1895 mean vireshaliangam ne ‘sarasvati narad vilapamu’ (sarasvati narad sanvad) mean vakhdevi sarasvati aur dev rrishi narad ke bich kalpanik sanvad ka srijan laghukavy ke roop mean kiya. isamean unhoanne sarasvati aur narad ke bich sanvadoan ke madhyam se vagvidagdhata, kritrim alankar, jhoothe adanbar adi par vichar vimarsh kiya. is kavy ko padhane se speansar krit ‘tiyars aauf di myoosas’ ki yad dilane vala mana jata hai. unhoanne shrriangar parak kavyoan ka bhi srijan kiya tha.
ashu kavita
vireshaliangam 'ashu kavita' ki or bhi unmukh hue. telugu sahity mean ashu kavita avadhan vidha ke roop mean upalabdh hai. yah vidha telugu sahity ki anupam aur vilakshan den hai. is prakriya mean kavi ek hi samay mean anek aanshoan, prashhnoan ka samadhan chhandobaddh kavy ke roop mean karata hai. yah ek tarah se bauddhik vyayam hai. is vidha ke anek prakar haian- 'ashhtavadhan', 'shatavadhan', 'sahasravadhan', 'dvisahasravadhan', 'panch sahasravadhan', 'navaras navavadhan', 'alankar ashhtavadhan' aur 'samasya poorti' adi.[1]
pratham upanyasakar
adhunik telugu gady sahity ke pravartak vireshaliangam ne pratham upanyasakar, pratham natakakar aur adhunik patrakarita ke pravartak ke roop me khyati arjit ki. hindi sahity ke itihas mean pratham upanhyas aur upanyasakar ke bare mean kafi matabhed haian. usi tarah telugu sahity ke itihas mean bhi pratham upanyas aur upanyasakar ke bare mean matabhed haian. kuchh vidvanh narahari gopal krishhnam shetti krit ‘shri rangaraj charitramu’[2] ko telugu ka pratham upanyas manate haian, lekin lekhak ne apani rachana ke sanbandh mean svayan kaha hai ki- "ee rachana hianduvula acharamulanu telupu navin prabandhamh. ee rachana kula matalaku atitangayuandi premaku pradhanyatanu ichchiandi."[3] isaka doosara nam hai- ‘sonabaee parinayamu’.[4] isake viparit kandukoori vireshaliangam pantulu krit ‘rajashekhar charitr’[5] mean adhunik upanyas ke tatv vidyaman haian. atah is upanyas ko hi telugu ka pratham upanyas mana gaya hai. isake madhyam se lekhak ne tatkalin hinduoan ki jivan shaili, unaki sanskriti, riti rivaj, aandhavishhvas, striyoan ki manodasha adi ko ukera hai. yah upanyas aangrezi mean ‘pharchyoons aauf di vhil’ ke nam se anoodit hai.
telugu ke pratham natak ke rachanakar
telugu ka pratham natak kise mana jae, is vishay mean bhi kafi matabhed haian. kuchh vidvanh korada ramachandr shastri krit ‘manjari madhukariyamh’ (1861) ko telugu sahity ka pratham natak manate haian, lekin isamean adhunik natak ke tatv nahian haian, atah vireshaliangam krit ‘brahm vivahamu’[6] ko yah khyati prapht hai. yah ek vyangyapoorn samajik natak hai. tatkalin samaj mean yah pratha prachalit thi ki kisi bhi vidhi vidhan ya anushhthan ko sanpann karane ke lie pathni ke sahayog ki avashhyakata hoti hai. is natak ka mukhy patr 'pedhdaiya' (b de sahab) vidhur hai. tisari pathni ke dehaant ke pashhchath vah tin sal ki masoom bachchi se vivah karata hai. maan-bap bhi dhan ke lalach mean apani bachchi ka sauda karate haian. natakakar ne in sab par karara prahar kiya hai.
nidhan
telugu sahity ke lie mahattvapoorn yogadan karane vale kandukoori vireshaliangam ka nidhan 27 mee, 1919 ee. ko hua. adhuni telugu sahity ke 'gady brahma', pratham upanyasakar, pratham natakakar, pratham atmakathakar, vyavaharik bhasha aandolan ke pravartak kandukoori vireshaliangam pantulu ke bare mean chilakamarti lakshmi narasianham ne nimnalikhit udhgar vyakht kie the, jo aj bhi unaki samadhi par chinhit haian[1]-
"tana dehamu, tana gehamu,
tana kalamu tana dhanamhbhu tana vidhya
jagajjanulake viniyogianchina
ghanudi vireshaliangakavi janulara!"
arthath "apana tan, man, dhan, nivas, samay aur vidya sab kuchh janata ke hit ke lie nichhavar karane vale mahapurush haian 'vireshaliangamh'."
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 vireshaliangam -aandhr ke bharateandu (hindi) sagarika. abhigaman tithi: 05 sitambar, 2014.
- ↑ shri rangaraj ka itihas, 1872
- ↑ yah rachana vastutah hinduoan ke riti rivajoan ko vyakht karane vali navin prabandh kavy hai tatha jati-paanti ke viruddh prem bhavana ko pradhanata dene vali hai.
- ↑ sonabaee ka parinay
- ↑ rajashekhar ka itihas, 1880
- ↑ brahm vivah, 1876
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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