कचारी
kachari athava 'kachari' bharat ke asam rajy mean paee jane vali ek janajati hai. ye log mangol prajati ke haian. inaka parivarik jivan p dosi hinduoan se adhik bhinn nahian hai. inake jivan nirvah ka mukhy sadhan krishi hai. kachari log bahut se 'bahirvivahi'[1] aur 'totami' kuloan[2] mean vibhajit haian. kachariyoan ke dharm ka sarvapradhan lakshan atmavad, arthath bhoot-pret adi mean vishvas hai. inaka yah vishvas hai ki mrityu ka arth keval sharirik avastha mean parivartan hai aur mritak ki atma nasht n hokar parivartit roop se bachi rahati hai.
itihas
vishvas kiya jata hai ki brahmaputr nadi ki ghati mean basane vali kachari sabase prachin jati hai. asam ke adhunik kachar zile ka namakaran isi janajati ke adhar par hua hai. terahavian shatabdi mean kachari logoan ka rajy brahmaputr nadi ke dakshini tat tak phaila hua tha. unake rajy mean adhikaansh adhunik naugaanv zila aur kachar zile ka kuchh bhag sammilit tha. unaki rajadhani golaghat ke adhunik nagar se paiantalis mil dakshin, dhanashri nadi ke tat par sthit dibhapur thi. ahom logoan ne 1536 mean kachari rajy ko jit liya aur kachari log dibhapur ko chho dakar bhag gaye. dibhapur nagar ke ab khandahar hi milate haian. kachari ke parajit logoan ne ek naye rajy ki sthapana ki aur maibog ko apani rajadhani banaya. kintu isake bad bhi ahom rajaoan se unaki barabar l daiyaan hoti hi rahi. ahom rajaoan ka kahana tha ki ve unake ashrit haian. ahom jati ka antim raja govind chandr tha, jise 1818 ee. mean manipur ke raja ne hara diya. 1821 ee. mean british samrajy ne barmiyoan ko nikal bahar kiya aur govind chandr ko pun: usaki gaddi mil gee. parantu 1830 ee. mean ek manipuri akramanakari ne usaki hatya kar di. govind chandr ke nisantan hone ke karan 1832 ee. mean usaka rajy british bharatiy samrajy mean mila liya gaya.
nivas sthan
asam ke uttari asam-bhootan-simavarti kamaroop aur darang zile vartaman kachari ya 'b da' kabile ka mukhy nivas sthan haian. is kami ka mukhy karan kachariyoan ka hindoo varn vyavastha mean pravesh hai. asam rajy ki kuchh nadiyoan evan prakritik vibhagoan ke nam kachari mool ke haian, jisase anuman hota hai ki atit mean kachari kabile ka prasar sanpoorn asam mean raha hoga. san 1911 mean fadar eandal ne vastavik kachariyoan ke p dosi 'rabha', 'mechh', 'dhimal', 'koch', 'machhaliya', 'laluang' tatha 'garo' kabiliyoan ki ganana bhi brihadh kachari prajati (res) ke aantargat ki thi aur asam ke 10,00,000 vyaktiyoan ko is shreni mean rakha tha. kiantu bad ki janagananaoan aur nritatvik adhyayan ke prakash mean yah mat tark sangat pratit nahian hota.[3]
jivan nirvah ke sadhan
kachari mangol prajati ke haian. mote taur par inaka parivarik jivan p dosi hianduoan se adhik bhinn nahian hai. jivan nirvah ka mukhy sadhan krishi hai. do prakar ka dhan- 'maima' aur 'maisa', dal, kapas, ganna aur tanbakoo inaki pradhan fasalean haian. hal mean ye chay bagan aur karakhanoan mean mazadoori peshe ki or bhi akrisht hue haian. khan-pan mean khadyannoan ke atirikt sooar ke maans, sookhi machhali aur chaval ki sharab 'joo' ka inamean adhak prachalan hai. kuchh samay poorv tak kachariyoan mean doodh pina hi nahian varanh chhoona bhi varjit tha. machhali marana purush tatha stri donoan ka dhandha hai. kiantu samoohik akhet mean keval purush hi bhag lete haian. resham ke ki de palana aur kap da bunana striyoan ka kam hai. samaj mean striyoan ka sthan samanyat: uchch hai.
vivah sanskar
kachari bahut se 'bahirvivahi' aur 'totami' kuloan mean vibhajit haian. pratyek kul ke sadasyoan dvara totami pashu ka vadh varjit hai. kabili aantarvivahi vidhan achal nahian hai. nikatavarti rabha, koch aur saraniya kabiloan se vivah sanbhav hai kiantu pratishthit nahian. vidhur apani chhoti sali se vivah kar sakata hai aur vidhava adhikatar apane devar se vivah karati hai. samanyat: ek patni kachariyoan mean bhi adhik dhani varg ke purush ya santanahin vyakti bahupatnitv apanate haian. vivah ke lie pati patni, donoan ki parasparik sammati avashyak hai. shadi vivah aur sanpatti se sanbandhit sabhi jhag doan ka nirnay gaanv ke ganyamany vyaktiyoan ki sabha ke hath mean hota hai.[3]
dharmik vishvas
kachariyoan ke dharm ka sarvapradhan lakshan atmavad, arthath bhoot-pret adi mean vishvas hai. is vishvas ke mool mean bhay ki bhavana hai. kachari prithvi, vayu aur akash mean daivi shaktiyoan ka vas manate hai, jinhean ve 'modee' ki sanjna dete haian. isamean adhikaansh duratmaean haian, jinhean vyadhi, akal, bhookanp adi durghatanaoan ke lie uttaradayi thaharaya jata hai. poorvaj pooja aur prakriti pooja ke chhitaput praman milate haian, kiantu inaka kachari dharmik vishvasoan mean adhik mahatv nahian hai. kachariyoan mean vishuddh kabili devi-devataoan ki sankhya bahut kam rah gee hai aur anek hindoo devi-devata apana lie ge haian. kabili devi devataoan mean 19 grih devata haian aur 65 gram devata, jinaki pooja gaanv se 15-20 gaj door sthit baansoan ya pe doan ke jhuramut (thanasali) mean ki jati hai. janm, namakaran tatha vivah ke avasaroan par inaki aradhana gram ka pujari 'deuri' ya 'devadaee' karata hai.
gaanv ke ojha ka kam bhavishyavani aur mamooli jha d-phooank dvara ilaj karana hai. haija aur mahamari se g aauv valoan ki raksha 'devayani' kahalane vali atmaoan ke vashibhoot striyaan karati haian. sadharanat: mritak ka dahakarm sanskar kiya jata hai, kiantu adhik dhani varg mean shav ga dane ki pratha paee jati hai. kachari vishvas hai ki mrityu ka arth keval sharirik avastha mean parivartan hai aur mritak ki atma nasht n hokar parivartit roop se bachi rahati hai.[3]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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