कज़ाकिस्तान

kazakistan kshetraphal ke adhar par vishv ka nauvaan sabase b da desh hai. yah yooreshiya mean sthit hai. soviyat prashasan ke dauran yahaan kee mahatvapoorn pariyojanaean sanpann hueean, jisamean kee r aauketoan ke prakshepan se lekar krushchev ka varzin bhoomi pariyojana shamil haian. desh ki adhikaansh bhoomi stepi ghas ke maidan, jangal tatha paha di kshetroan se dhaki hai.

kshetraphal tatha nivasi

kazakistan mean ganatantr ki sthapana san 1920 mean huee tatha san 1936 mean yah soviyat sangh ka ek aang ban gaya. is ganatantr ka kshetraphal lagabhag 27,15,100 varg kilomitar hai. lagabhag 30 pratishat janasankhya kazakoan ki hai. bahut dinoan tak yahaan ke nivasi pashupalan ka kary karate the tatha apane pashuoan ke jhuand ko sath lie yayavar ke roop mean ghoomate tatha khemoan mean raha karate the.

bhaugolik sanrachana

yah rajy pashchim mean volga ke nichale bhag se lekar poorv mean sikyaang ki sima tak tatha uttar mean traans saiberiyan relave se lekar dakshin mean tiyenashan parvat tak, ek brihat vrikshahin maidan ke roop mean phela hua hai. yahaan ki jalavayu shushk aur vanaspati ghas hai.

krishi

yahaan ki mukhy nadiyaan sar dariya, eetish, yural, ili tath ishim haian. krishi yogy bhoomi is rajy ke keval uttari, pashchimi tatha dakshini bhagoan mean hai. uttari bhag ke kali mitti vale kshetr mean ann, dakshini kshetr mean kapas tatha any audyogik fasalean aur tiyenashan parvat ki talahati mean phal utpann kie jate haian. is rajy ki krishi mean nimnalikhit fasalean mukhy haian-

1. gehooan
2. jvar
3. chukandar
4. tanbakoo
5. kapas
6. dhan

yahaan ke pashudhan mean bhe d, lanbi siang vali gay, gho da tatha ooant ullekhaniy haian.

khanij sampada

kazakistan khanij sanpatti ki drishti se susanpann hai. taanba, sisa, jasta, nikil, kromait, maianganiz tatha aiantimoni paryapt matra mean upalabdh haian. eanba mean khanij tel tatha karagaanda mean koyale ki apar rashi hai.

vikas

soviyat sangh mean sammilit hone par kazakistan ke ghas ke maidan mean anek khanoan, nagaroan tatha karakhanoan ka vikas hua. anek relamarg bhi banae ge, jinaka is kshetr ke arthik vikas mean bahut b da hath hai. dvitiy vishvayuddh se poorv ke 15 varshoan mean 5,030 kilomitar lanbe relamargoan ka nirman hua. khady sanbandhi udyog bahut vikasit hue, jaise- chini, makkhan, ata tatha maans udyog aur phal, sabji, machhali ityadi ko dabboan mean niryatarth bharane ka udyog. tanbakoo tatha cham de ke udyog bhi ullekhaniy haian. rajy ka sabase b da audyogik nagar balkash hai. atmaata is rajy ki rajadhani tatha mukhy saanskritik keandr hai. aktoobar, 1917 ki kraanti ke bad rajy mean kee naharean tatha baandh banae ge aur marubhoomi ka kuchh bhag krishi yogy bhoomi mean parinat ho gaya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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