कपड़ा (लेखन सामग्री)
thumb|250px|kap da prachin bharat ki lekhan samagri mean likhane ke lie sooti kap de ke khand sanskrit mean ‘pat’ ka bhi kafi istemal hua hai. sikandar ke nausenadhyaksh niyarkas (eesa poorv chauthi sadi) ka ullekh hai, ki bharatiy log achchhi tarah koote ge kapas ke kap de par patr likhate the.
likhane ka kap da
jis kap de par likha jata tha us kap de ke chhidroan ko band karane ke lie ata, chaval, maand ya leee athava pighala hua mom lagakar parat sukha lete the aur phir akik, patthar ya shankh adi se ghotakar use chikana banate the. usake bad likhane ya chitr banane ke lie us par karpasik pat ka upayog kiya jata tha. amataur par aise patoan ka upayog pooja-path ke yantr-mantr likhane ke lie hota tha.
pat taiyar karana
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purane samay mean kap de ke patoan par panchaang likhe jate the aur janm kuandaliyaan bhi banaee jati thian. rajasthan se patoan vale aise panchaangoan ki kee kuandaliyaan prapt huee haian. keral aur karnatak ke ilakoan mean imali ke bijoan ke choore ki leee banakar use kap de par lagaya jata tha. sookh jane par use lak di ke koyale se kala kar diya jata tha. tab vyapari log safed kh diya se us kale pat par apana hisab-kitab likhate the. shrriangeri math se aisi kee bahiyaan, jinhean kaditamh kahate the, mili haian.
alaberooni ka kathan
kap de ka likhane ke lie yada-kada bhi istemal hua hai. alaberooni (973-1048 ee.) likhate haian ki, kabul ke shahiyavanshi rajaoan ki resham ke kap de par likhi huee vanshavali nagarakot ke qile mean hone ki unhean janakari mili thi, magar ve use dekh nahian pae.
charmapat ka prayog
jab misr se pepiras-kagaz milana kathin ho gaya, to yoonaniyoan ne ee.poo. doosari sadi se charmapat par likhana shuroo kar diya tha. pashchim eshiya aur yoorop mean madhyakal tak likhane ke lie charmapat ka kafi istemal hua. magar bharat mean lekhan-samagri ke roop mean charmapat ka upayog nahian ke barabar hua hai. alaberooni likhate haian ki "prachin kal mean yoonaniyoan ki tarah bharat mean charm par likhane ka prachalan nahian hai." kuchh bauddh granthoan mean likhane ke lie cham de ke upayog ke ullekh milate haian.
lekh praman
subandhu (600 ee.) ki kriti 'vasavadatta' ki ek upama se pata chalata hai ki likhane ke lie bagh ya chite ki khal (sanskrit mean ‘ajan’) ka prayog hota tha. madhy-eshiya ke kuchh sthaloan se cham de par likhe hue lekh mile haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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