कबड्डी
kabaddi
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| vivaran | 'kabaddi' bharat ki galiyoan, mohalloan tatha gaanvoan mean sarvadhik khela jane vala yuvaoan ka khel hai. bharat ke sath hi p dosi deshoan mean bhi kabaddi b de paimane par kheli jati hai. |
| upanam | 'hu-too-too' (pashchimi bharat), 'chedu-gudu' (dakshin bharat), 'ha-do -do' (baangladesh), 'guddu' (shrilanka) tatha 'thichub' (thaeelaiannd). |
| dal ke sadasy | pratyek paksh mean khila diyoan ki sankhya barah rahati hai. ek sath maidan mean sat khila di utarate haian. |
| pratham aantarrashtriy pradarshan | 1936 (barlin olianpik) |
| maidan ka akar | purushoan ke lie- 121/2 mi. X 10 mi.; striyoan ke lie- 11 mi. X 8 mi. |
| any janakari | kisi karanavash maich n hone ki dasha mean maich pun: khela jaega. dobara kisi aur din khele jane vale maich mean doosare khila di badale bhi ja sakate haian. parantu yadi maich usi din khela jae to usamean vahi khila di kheleange jo pahale khele the. |
kabaddi (aangrezi:Kabaddi) ek samoohik khel hai, jo pramukh roop se bharat mean khela jata hai. kabaddi nam ka prayog pray: uttar bharat mean kiya jata hai, is khel ko dakshin bharat mean chedu-gudu aur poorab mean hu too too ke nam se bhi janate haian. bharat ke sath p dosi deshoan mean bhi kabaddi b de paimane par kheli jati hai. vibhinn kshetroan mean isake alag-alag nam haian. pashchimi bharat mean hu-too-too, poorvi bharat aur baangladesh mean ha-do -do; dakshin bharat mean chedu-gudu; shrilanka mean guddu aur thaeelaiannd mean thichub. yadyapi yah khel tho di bhinnata ke sath khela jata hai, par shatru kshetr mean akraman ka moolatantr sabhi mean saman rahata hai. is khel mean ek khila di virodhi dal ke pale (kshetr) mean 'kabaddi,kabaddi' ya 'hu-too-too' doharaya jata hai, virodhi dal ke khila diyoan ko chhoone ke prayas mean tezi se ghoomata hai aur vapas apane pale (kshetr) mean a jata hai; yah sabhi ek hi saans mean aur virodhiyoan ki giraft se bachakar hona chahie.
itihas
yadyapi koee aupacharik praman upalabdh nahian hai, par is khel ka udbhav pragaitihasik kal se mana ja sakata hai, jab manushy mean atmaraksha ya shikar ke lie prativarti kriyaean vikasit hueean. is bat ka ullekh ek tamrapatr mean hai ki bhagavan krishna aur unake sathiyoan dvara kabaddi se milata-julata ek khel khela jata tha. mahabharat mean kurukshetr ke yuddh ke dauran ek rochak prasang mean arjun ke putr abhimanyu, ko shatru ke chakravyooh ko bhedane ke lie kaha gaya. pratyek chakr kauravoan sat yuddh viroan se susajjit tha. yadyapi abhimanyu vyooh ko bhedane mean saphal ho ge, magar vah bahar ane mean asamarth rahe. rrishi-muniyoan dvara chalae ja rahe gurukuloan mean bhi kabaddi kheli jati thi, jahaan shishy sharirik vyayam ke lie ise khelate the. [1] thumb|left|kabaddi maich ka ek drishy|250px
pahali pratiyogita
20vian sadi ke pahale do dashakoan mean maharashtr ke vibhinn samajik sangathanoan ne kabaddi ke khel ko aupacharikata v lokapriyata pradan karane mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. 1918 mean kuchh samany niyam banae ge aur kuchh pratiyogitaean ayojit ki geean. lekin kabaddi ke niyamoan ke aupacharik gathan aur prakashan ka aitihasik qadam sanh 1923 mean bharatiy olianpik sangh ke tatvavadhan mean uthaya gaya. is svadeshi khel ka pahala aantarrashtriy pradarshan ek khel sangathan, hanuman vyayam prasarak mandal ne 1936 ke barlin olianpik mean kiya. mean pahali pratiyogita kalakatta (vartaman kolakata) ke tala bagiche mean ayojit ki gee. 1950 mean bharatiy kabaddi mahasangh ki sthapana huee. purushoan ke lie pahali rashtriy pratiyogita 1952 mean madras (vartaman chennee) mean ayojit ki gee, jabaki mahilaoan ki pahali rashtriy pratiyogita 1955 mean kalakatta mean huee.thumb|kabaddi maich ka ek drishy|250px lagabhag 1938 1972 gair vyavasayik kabaddi sangh (emechyor kabaddi fedareshan) ki sthapana huee aur pratiprayogitaean shuroo ki geean. 1974 mean bharatiy dal ne khel ko lokapriy banane ke lie baangladesh ka daura kiya. 1978 mean baangladesh ke dal ne bharat ke viruddh test shrriankhala khelane ke lie yahaan ka daura kiya. dakshin eshiya kshetr mean is khel ke vikas ka mahattvapoorn mo d tha, eshiyaee gair vyavasayik kabaddi sangh (eshiyan emechyor kabaddi fedareshan) ki sthapana. pahali eshiyaee kabaddi pratiyogita 1980 mean kalakatta mean ayojit ki gee. 1982 mean nee dilli mean hue eshiyaee kheloan mean kabaddi ka pradarshan kiya gaya. 1985 se ise dakshin eshiyaee sanghiy kheloan mean shamil kar liya gaya. 1990 mean bijiang mean hue eshiyaee kheloan mean kabaddi ne ek pratiyogi khel ke roop mean padarpan kiya.
khel ka maidan
khel ka maidan samatal tatha narm hota hai. yah mitti, khad ya burade ka hota hai. purushoan ke lie maidan ka akar 121/2 mi X 10 mi hota hai. kendriy rekha ise do saman bhagoan mean baantati hai. pratyek bhag 10 mi X 61/4 mi. hota hai. striyoan tatha jooniyars ke lie maidan ka nap 11 mi. X 8 mi. hota hai. maidan ke donoan or ek mitar chau di patti hogi jise l aaubi kahate haian. pratyek kshetr mean kendriy rekha se tin mitar door usake samanaantar maidan ki poori chau daee ke barabar rekhaean khichi jati hai. in rekhaoan ko b aauk rekhaean kahate haian. kendriy rekha spasht rup se aankit ki jani chahie. kendriy rekha tatha any rekhaoan ki adhikatam chau daee 5 saiantimitar ya 2" honi chahie. said rekha aur aant rekha ke bahar ki or 4 mitar sthan khula chho dana avashyak hai. baithane ka bl aauk aant rekha se do mitar door hota hai. purushoan ke lie baithane ka bl aauk aant rekha se jooniyars ke lie 2 mitar X 6 mitar hota hai. 250px|thumb|kabaddi khelate hue khila di|left
saman tatha poshak
khila di ki poshak, baniyan aur nikkar hoti hai. isake niche jaanghiya ya langot hota hai. khila di kap de ke joote tatha jurab pahan sakate hai tatha baniyan bhi pahan sakate haian. baniyan ke age pichhe nambar likha hua hona chahie. bailt sephti pin aur aangoothiyoan ki ajna nahian hai tatha nakhoon kate hone chahie.
khel ke niyam
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- t aaus jitane vali tim ya to apani pasand ka kshetr le sakati hai ya pahale akraman karane ka avasar prapt kar sakati hai. madhyantar ke pashchath kshetr ya kort badal lie jate haian.
- khel ke dauran maidan se bahar jane vala khila di aut ho jaega.
- khila di aoot ho jata hai-
- yadi kisi khila di ke sharir ka koee bhi bhag maidan ki sima ke bahar ke bhag ko sparsh kar le.
- sangharsh karate samay khila di aut nahian hoga yadi usake sharir ka koee aang ya to sidhe maidan ko chhue ya us khila di ko chhue jo sima ke andar hai .
- sangharsh arambh hone par l aaubi ka kshetr bhi maidan mean sammilit mana jata hai. sangharsh ki samapti par ve khila di jo sangharsh mean sammilit the, l aaubi se hote hue apane kshetr mean pravesh kar sakate haian.
- akraman khila di 'kabaddi' shabd ka lagatar uchcharan karata rahega. yadi vah aisa nahian karata to ampayar use apane kshetr mean vapis jane ka aur vipakshi khila di ko akraman karane ka adesh de sakata hai. is sthiti mean us khila di ka pichha nahian kiya jaega.
- akraman khila di 'kabaddi' shabd bolate hue vipakshi kort mean pravisht hona chahie. yadi vah vipakshi ke kort mean pravisht hone ke pashchath kabaddi shabd ka uchcharan karata hai to ampayar use vapis bhej dega aur vipakshi khila di ko akraman ka avasar diya jaega. is sthiti mean akramak khila di ka pichha nahian kiya jaega.
- khel ke aant tak pratyek paksh apane akramak bari-bari se bhejata rahega.
- yadi vipakshiyoan dvara pak da hua koee akramak un se bach kar apane kort mean surakshit pahuanch jata hai to usaka pichha nahian kiya jaega.
- ek bari mean keval ek hi akramak vipakshi kort mean jaega. yadi ek sath ek se adhik akramak vipakshi kort mean jate hai to nirnayak ya ampayar unhean vapas jane ka adesh dega aur unaki bari samapt kar di jaegi. in akramakoan dvara chhue ge vipakshi aut mane jaeange. vipakshi in akramakoan ka pichha nahian kareange.
- jo bhi paksh ek samay mean ek se adhik khila di vipakshi kort mean bhejata hai use chetavani di jaegi. yadi chetavani dene ke pashchath bhi vah aisa karata hai to pahale akramak ke atirikt shesh sabhi ko aut kiya jaega.
- yadi koee akramak vipakshi kort mean saans to d deta hai to use aut mana jaega.
- kisi akramak ke pak de jane par vipakshi khila di janaboojh kar usaka muanh band karake saans rokane ya chot lagane vale dhang se pak dane kaianchi ya anuchit sadhanoan ka prayog nahian kareange. aisa kie jane par ampayar us akramak ko apane kshetr mean surakshit lauta hua ghoshit karega.
- koee bhi akramak ya vipakshi ek doosare ko sima se bahar dhakka nahian marega. jo pahale dhakka dega use aut ghoshit kiya jaega. yadi dhakka mar kar akramak ko sima se bahar nikala jata hai to use apane kort mean surakshit lauta hua ghoshit kiya jaega.
- jab tak akramak vipakshi kort mean rahega tab tak koee bhi vipakshi khila di kendriy rekha se par akramak ke aang ko sharir ke kisi bhag se nahian chhooega. yadi vah aisa karata hai to use aut ghoshit kiya jaega.
thumb|300px|left|kabaddi mean vipakshi khila di sangharsh karate hue
- yadi koee akramak bina apani bari ke jata hai to ampayar use vapis lautane ka adesh dega. yadi bar-bar aisa karata hai to usake paksh ko ek bar chetavani dene ke pashchath vipakshiyoan ko ek aank de diya jaega.
- naye niyamoan ke anusar bahar se pak d kar pani pina phaool nahian hai.
- jab ek dal vipakshi dal ke sabhi khila diyoan ko nishkasit karane mean saphal ho jae to unhean 'lona' milata hai. 'lona' ke do aank atirikt hote haian. usake pashchath khel pun: shuroo hoga.
- akramak ko yadi apane paksh ke khila di dvara vipakshi ke prati chetavani di jati hai to usake viruddh 1 aank diya jaega.
- kisi bhi akramak ya vipakshi ko kamar ya hath paanv ke atirikt sharir ke kisi bhag se nahian pak d sakata. is niyam ka ullanghan karane vala aut ghoshit kiya jaega.
- khel ke dauran yadi ek ya do khila di rah jaean tatha virodhi dal ka kaptan apani tim ko khel mean lane ke lie unhean aoot ghoshit kar de to vipakshiyoan ko ghoshana se pahale shesh khila diyoan ki sankhya ke barabar aankoan ke atirikt 'lona' ke do aank aur prapt hoange.
- vipakshi ke aut hone par aut khila di usi kram mean jivit kiya jaega jisamean vah aut hua hai.
- khila diyoan ke sath bhi maich arambh kiya ja sakata hai parantu jab 5 khila di aut ho jaean to ham poora 'lona' arthath 5+2 (khila diyoan 1-5 aank aur 2 aank lone ke) aank dete haian. jab khila di a jaean to ve tim mean dale ja sakate haian.
maich ke niyam
[[chitr:Kabaddi-3.jpg|thumb|250px|ratri mean kabaddi maich ka ek drishy, muanbee]]
- pratyek paksh mean khila diyoan ki sankhya barah hogi. ek sath maidan mean sat khila di utareange.
- khel ki avadhi purushoan ke lie 20 minat tatha striyoan v jooniyaroan ke lie 15 minat ki do avadhiyaan hogi. in donoan avadhiyoan ke bich 5 minat ka madhyaantar hoga.
- pratyek aut hone vale vipakshi ke lie doosare paksh ko ek aank milega. 'lona' prapt karane vale paksh ko do aank mileangean.
- khel ki samapti par sabase adhik aank prapt karane vale paksh ko vijayi ghoshit kiya jata hai.
- (i) granthi hone par paanch-paanch minat ki do atirikt avadhiyoan ke lie khel hoga. in avadhiyoan mean khel doosare arddhak ke aant vale khila di jari rakheange.
(ii) yadi 50 minat ke khel ke pashchath taee ho to vah tim jitegi jisane pahale aank prapt kiya ho.
- lona
jab ek tim ke sare khila di aut ho jaean to virodhi tim ko 2 aank adhik milate haian. usako ham lona kahate haian. pratiyogita nimnalikhit do prakar ke hoti haian.
- nak aut- isamean jo tim har jati hai, vah tim pratiyogita se bahar ho jati hai.
- lig- isamean yadi koee tim har jati hai, vah tim bahar nahian hogi. use apane grup ke sare maich khelane p date haian. jo tim maich jitati hai use do aank diye jate haian. maich barabar hone par donoan timoan ko ek ek aank diya jaega. harane vali tim ko shoony aank milega. yadi donoan timoan ka maich barabar rahata hai aur atirikt samay bhi diya jata hai ya jis tim ne khel arambh hone se pahale aank liya hoga vah vijeta ghoshit ki jaegi. yadi donoan timoan ka skor shoony hai to jis tim ne t aaus jita ho vah vijeta ghoshit ki jaegi.
- kisi karanavash maich n hone ki dasha mean maich pun: khela jaega. dobara kisi aur din khel jane vale maich mean doosare khila di badale bhi ja sakate haian. parantu yadi maich usi din khela jae to usamean vahi khila di kheleange jo pahale khele the.
thumb|300px|left|kabaddi ka anand lete gramin
- yadi kisi khila di ko chot lag jae to us paksh ka kaptan 'samay aram' pukarega, parantu samay aram ki avadhi do minat se adhik nahian hogi tatha chot lagane vala khila di badala ja sakata hai. khel ki doosari pari shuroo hone se pahale do khila di badale ja sakate haian. khel shuroo hone ke samay ek do se ya kam se kam khila diyoan se bhi khel shuroo ho sakata hai. jo khila di khel shuroo hone ke samay upasthit nahian hote khel ke dauran kisi bhi samay mil sakate haian. raiphari ko soochit karana zaruri hai. yadi chot gambhir ho to usaki jagah doosara khila di khel sakata hai.
- kisi bhi tim mean paanch khila diyoan se kam hone ki dasha mean shuroo kiya ja sakata hai, parantu-
- tim ke sabhi khila di aut hone par anupasthit khila di bhi aut ho jaeange aur vipakshi tim ko 'lona' diya jaeanga.
- yadi anupasthit khila di a jaean to ve raiphari ki ajna se khel mean bhag le sakate haian.
- anupasthit khila di ke sthanapann kabhi bhi lie ja sakate haian. parantu jab ve is prakar lie jate haian to maich ke aant tak kisi bhi khila di ko badala nahian ja sakata.
- maich pun: khele jane par kisi bhi khila di ko badala nahian ja sakata.
- khel ke dauran kaptan ya neta ke atirikt koee bhi khila di anudesh n dega. kaptan apane arddhak mean hi anudesh de sakata hai.
- yadi khila di kabaddi shabd ka uchcharan thik prakar se nahian karata tatha raiphari dvara ek bar chetavani die jane par vah bar-bar aisa karata hai to doosari tim ko ek pvaiant de diya jaega parantu vah khila di baithega nahian.
- yadi koee khila di akraman karane ja raha hai aur us tim ka koch ya adhikari aisa karata hai to raiphari doosari tim ko viruddh ek pvaiant aank de dega.
adhikari aur nirnayak
thumb|300px|kabaddi khelate khila di
- raiphari- ek
- ampayar- do
- rekha nirikshak- do
- skorar- ek
adhikari ke adhikar
- am taur par nirnayak ka nirnay aantim hoga. vishesh dashaoan mean raiphari ise badal bhi sakata hai bhale hi donoan ampayaroan mean matabhed ho.
- nirneta kisi bhi khila di ko truti karane par chetavani de sakata hai, usake viruddh aank de sakata hai ya maich ke lie ayogy ghoshit kar sakata hai ye trutiyaan is prakar ki ho sakati haian.
- nirnay ke bare mean adhikariyoan ko bar-bar kahana-
- adhikariyoan ko apamanajanak shabd kahana,
- adhikariyoan ke pratiabhadr vyavahar karana ya unake nirnay ko prabhavit karane ke lie prakriya,
- vipakshi ko apamanajanak batean kahana.
trutiyaan
- akramak ka muanh band karake ya gala daba kar usaki saans to dane ki koshish karana.
- hiansatmak dhang ka prayog.
- kaianchi mar kar akramak ko pak dana.
- akramak bhejane mean paanch saikiand se adhik samay lagana.
- maidan ke bare khila di ya koch dvara kochiang dena. is niyam ke ullanghan par ampayar aank de sakata hai.
- jan-boojh kar baloan se ya kap de se pak dana phaool hai.
- jan-boojh kar akramak ko dhakka dena phaool hai.
samachar
- 22 aktoobar, 2016
bharat ne kabaddi vishv kap jita
thumb|vishv vijeta bharatiy kabaddi tim ahamadabad ke d erena bay traansasteridaya mean khele ge kabaddi vishvakap ke phainal mean shanivar 22 aktoobar, 2016 ko mejaban bharat ne eeran ko nau aankoan ke aantar se harakar khitab par qabza jamaya. maujooda chaimpiyan bharat ne eeran ko 38-29 se mat dete hue lagatar tisari bar khitab apane nam kiya. pradhanamantri narendr modi ne tim iandiya ko jit par badhaee di. bharat ki jit ke hiro diggaj redar ajay thakur rahe. ajay ne pahale haph tak pichhe chal rahi bharat ko lagatar saphal red dalate hue n sirph barabari dilaee, balki aham samay par bharat ko majaboot kiya. unhoanne kul 12 aank hasil kie. ek samay eeran ne apane mazaboot dipheans aur zoradar hamale ke dam par madhyaantar tak 18-13 ki badhat bana li thi. darshakoan se khachakhach bhare stediyam mean tab sannata pasara hua tha. eeran ke abul fazal, meraj shekh aur gulam abbas apane red par lagatar pvaiant arjit kar bharat par dabav bana rahe the. lekin jaise hi doosara h aauph shuroo hua, ajay thakur ne eeran ke miraz ko aut kar bharat bheja aur bharatiy kheme mean naya josh paida kiya. isake bad bharatiy tim ne pichhe mu dakar nahian dekha. bharat ne do bar eeran ko aaul aut kiya.
samachar ko vibhinn srotoan par padhean
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ bharat jnanakosh bhag -1 prishth sankhya-296
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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