कल्प

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kalp ka arth

‘kalp’ shabd ka prayog rrigved [1] mean paya jata hai. [2], jahaan aisa aya hai- ‘srishtikarta ne soory, chandr, din, prithvi evan aantariksh ki, pahale ki bhaanti, srishti ki.’ nishchit tithi vala atyant prachin praman ashok ke anushasanoan mean paya jata hai, yatha giranar evan kalasi ka chautha prastar-lekh [3] tatha shahabajagadhi evan manasehara ka paanchava prastar lekh [4]. isase yah siddh hota hai ki kalp ke vishal vistar ke siddhaant ee. poo. tisari shati ke bahut pahale se jnat the. bauddhoan ne bhi kalpoan ke siddhaant ko apanaya tha, yah 'mahaparinibbanasut' [5] se prakat hai- ‘he bhagavanh, kripa karake kalp mean rahean . he mahabhag, asankhy logoan ke kalyan evan sukh ke lie kalp bhar rahean.’ aisi manyata hai ki adi kal mean manav-samaj adarsh roop se ati utkrisht tha aur kramash: naitik batoan, svasthy, jivan-vistar adi mean kramik apakarsh hota chala gaya aur sudoor bhavishy mean pun: padh naitik batoan adi ka svarn yug avatarit hoga.

yug shabd ke kee arth

‘yug’ shabd ke kee arth haian-

  1. kal ki alpavadhi [6],
  2. paanch varshoan ka ek vritt,
  3. dirghavadhi evan sahasroan varsh ki avadhi.
  • pro. manh-k d ne ‘poona orintalist’ [7] mean isake das arth diye haian. unaki sabhi batean grahan nahian ki ja sakati, udaharanasvaroop, jab ve shakuantal [8] mean yug ko din ka chauthaee bhag manate haian . shakuntal mean usaka arth hona chahie ‘soory akash mean (poorv kshitij mean) ek yug (ghura) oopar a gaya hai.’ rrigved [9] mean bhi yahi arth hai. mahabharat, manusmriti evan puranoan mean yugoan, manvantaroan evan kalpoan ke vishay mean bahut kuchh vistar ke sath varnit hai.
  • yug char haian -
  1. krit,
  2. treta,
  3. dvapar evan
  4. tishy ya kali aur ye keval bharat se sambandhit mane gaye haian. [10]
  • arambhik roop mean dyoot (jooa) ke kinhian char pashoan ke prakshepoan (pheankoan) ko yug kaha jata tha, kintu lagabhag ee. poo. chauthi shati mean yug manavoan se sambandhit ho gaya.
  • arambhik guptabhilekhoan mean krit yug ko mahanh gunoan ke vritt se sambandhit mana gaya hai [11].
  • mahabharat mean yugoan, manvantaroan evan kalpoan ke siddhaant ka vistar se ullekh hua hai [12];
  • manusmriti [13], vishnudharmasootr [14], vishnu puran[15], brahm puran[16], matsy puran[17], vayu puran[18], koorm puran[19], brahmand puran[20], markandey puran [21] mean bhi yug sanbandhi vishal sahity hai.
  • jyoti:shastriy granth bhi, yatha aryabhatiy, sooryasiddhaant, brahmagupt, siddhaantashiromani bhi inake vishay mean ullekh karate haian, kintu inamean kahian bhi kalpoan, manvantaroan evan yugoan ke udbhav ke vishay mean santoshajanak vyakhya nahian di gayi hai .
  • parjitar mahoday ka kathan hai ki yug vibhajan ka aitihasik adhar hai. katipay puranoan mean aya hai ki yug-siddhaant bharat tak hi simit tha. samanyat: yugoan ke svabhav ya svaroop ka varnan in granthoan mean ek-sa hai, kintu vistaroan mean matabhed hai.
  • manusmriti ke ullekh prachinatam ullekhoan mean pariganit haian. sat manu ye haian-
  1. svayanbhuv,
  2. svarochish,
  3. uttam,
  4. tamas,
  5. raivat,
  6. chakshush evan
  7. vaivasvat .
  • isake uparant nimeshoan ka vibhajan hai - 18 nimesh=kashtha, 30 kashtha=kala, 30 kala=muhoort, 30 muhoort=ahoratr.
  • aisi manyata hai ki manav mas pitaroan ka ahoratr (din evan ratri) hai, manav varsh daiv ahoratr hai. krit yug ka vistar daiv-man se 4000 varsh hai, isake poorv sandhya 400 varsh hai isake uparant sandhyant 400 varsh hai . shesh tin, treta, dvapar evan kaliyug kram se 3000, 2000 evan 1000 daivavarsh ke haian; sandhya evan sandhyaant kram se haian 600, 400 evan 200 daiv varsh . is prakar char yugoan ka vistar 12000 varshoan (4800+3600+2400+1200) ka hai, jise devoan ka yug (yah divy manak hai) kaha gaya hai; in charoan ke 1000 varsh brahma ka ek din aur utani hi brahma ki ek ratri hai. 12000 daiv varshoan ke 71 yugoan mean pratyek ko manvantar kaha jata hai aur manvantar asankhy haian aur isi prakar srishtiyaan evan pralay bhi asankhy haian. manu mean kalp ka ullekh nahian hai.
  • manusmriti ke atirikt any granthoan mean jaise - vishnu puran [22] mean aya hai ki 14 manvantaroan ka ek kalp hota hai, jo brahma ka ek din hai . devoan ka ek din ek manav varsh hai, at: 12000 varshoan ki chaturyugi 43,20,000 manav varshoan ke barabar hogi (12000 X 360), jise manush kal-manak kaha jata hai. yugoan ki in vishal varsh sankhyaoan ka nirdesh kab aur kaise hua, yah abhi ek paheli hi hai.
  • shatapath brahman kal mean hi log vishal varsh-sankhyaoan se parichit the. shatapath brahman mean[23] aya hai ki ek varsh mean 10,800 muhoort hote haian (30 X 360, 30 ahoratr ka dyotak hai), prajapati ne rrigved ki vyavastha is prakar ki ki isake aksharoan ki sankhya 12000 vyahratiyoan (pratyek vyahrati mean 36 akshar hote haian) ke barabar hai, arthath kul akshar 4,32,000 haian; aisa bhi kaha gaya ki rrigved mean 10,800 panktiyaan (pratyek pankti mean 40 akshar haian, at: 10800 X 40=4,32,000) haian. prajapati ne any do vedoan ki vyavastha bhi ki aur tinoan vedoan mean 8,64,000 akshar haian . 360 yajniy dinoan mean 10,800 muhoort hote haian aur muhoort ke uparant muhoort par 80 aksharoan ki vriddhi hoti hai, at: 10,800 X 80=8,64,000 akshar hue.
  • peris ke ‘k aaulej d fraans’ ke pro. d aau. jin filiyojat ne ek mat prakashit kiya hai ki shatapath[24] mean di gee uparyukt sankhya vaijnanik hai aur heraklits ne jo kaha hai ki 10,800 sadharan manush varsh ‘mahan varsh’ dyotak haian aur berosas ne jo yah kaha ki mahanh jyotishiy kal 4,32,000 varshoan ka hai, to vah yah hai ki yoonaniyoan ne bharat se udhar liya [25]
  • brahma ka ek din barabar hai ek kalp ke , arthath 4,32,0000 X 1000=4,32,00,00,000 varsh . brahma ke jivan ke 100 varsh ke manush varsh janane ke liye 4,32,00,00,000 ko 2 se guna aur pun: 360 aur pun: 100 se guna karana hoga, is prakar brahma ka varsh barabar hoga 31,10,40,00,00,00,000 manav varsh ke.
  • yahi bat albarooni [26] ne bhi kahi hai. kuchh logoan ne brahma ke jivan ko 108 varsh mana hai. brahma ab tak 50 varsh ke ho chuke haian. aur unake jivan ka doosara ardhaansh hai, ab varahakalp evan 'vaivasvat manvantar' (satavaan) chal raha hai. atit chh: manu haian- svayanbhuv, svarochish, uttam, tamas, raivat evan chakshush tatha aj ke manu haian vaivasvat (satavean). [27]. shesh 7 manu vibhinn roopoan se sanjnapit haian .
  • narasianh-puran [28] mean bhavi manuoan ke nam ye haian-
  1. savarni,
  2. daksh savarni,
  3. brahmasavarni,
  4. dharmasavarnik,
  5. rudrasavarni,
  6. ruchi evan
  7. bhaum;
  1. savarni,
  2. raibhy,
  3. rauchy evan
  4. merusavarni.
  • narad puran [30] mean 14 manuoan ke nam aye haian. aisa aya hai ki pratyek manvantar [31]mean vibhinn rrishiyoan, manu-putroan, devoan, rajaoan, smritiyoan, iandr evan dharm ki samyak vyavastha evan logoan ki raksha ke palakoan ka dal hota hai [32].
  • vishnu puran mean aisa aya hai ki kuchh dev char yugoan tak, kuchh ek manvantar tak aur kuchh ek kalp tak rahate haian[33].
  • vishnu dharmasootr [34] mean manu ke saman hi manvantaroan evan kalpoan ka ullekh hai kintu isamean ek any bat bhi hai ki brahma ka sampoorn jivan purush (vishnu) ke ek din ke barabar hai aur purush ki ratri bhi itani hi lambi hai. yah drashtavy hai ki yahi mat albarooni [35] ne pulish siddhaant mean bhi paya hai. yah nahian jnat hai ki un yooropiy vidvanoan ne, jo pulish ko 'paulas alekjaidrinas' kahate haian, yah kis prakar bataya hai ki uparyukt batean yoonani jyotirvid paulas mean payi jati haian.
  • kaliyug ke [36] nirashavadi evan darun vrittaantoan ka ullekh vanaparv [37], shantiparv [38], harivansh [39], brahm puran [40], vayu puran [41], matsy puran [42], koorm puran [43] tatha any puranoan mean kiya gaya hai. vayu puran [44] mean 33 kalpoan ke nam aye haian. matsy puran [45] ne 30 kalpoan ke nam diye haian . brahmand puran [46] mean aya hai ki kalp 25 mean se n kam haian aur n adhik .
  • puranoan mean pralay ke char prakar diye gaye haian:
  1. nity (jo janm lete hai unaki prati din ki mrityu),
  2. naimittik (jab brahma ka ek din samapt hota hai, aur vishv ka nash hota hai)
  3. prakritik (jab pratyek vastu prakriti mean vilin ho jati hai) tatha
  4. atyantik pralay (moksh, samyakh jnan se paramatma mean vilinata).
  • katipay puranoan mean naimittik aur prakritik pralayoan ka ati dukhavah varnan paya jata hai. koorm puran [47] mean ullikhit hai- 'jab ek sahasr chaturyugoan ka aant hota hai to ek sau varshoan tak varsha nahian hoti; parinam yah hota hai ki prani mar jate haian aur prithvi mean vilin ho jate hai; soory ki kiranean asahay ho jati haian , yahaan tak ki samudr sookh jate haian; parvatoan, vanoan evan mahadvipoan ke sath prithvi soory ki bhishan garmi se jalakar rakh ho jati hai. jab soory ki kiranean pratyek vastu ko jalati girati hai to sampoorn vishv ek vishal agni ke sadrish lagata hai. chal evan achal sabhi vastuean jal uthati haian . mahasamudroan ke jantu bahar akar rakh ban jate haian. sanvartak agni prachand aandhi se badhakar sampoorn prithvi ko jalane lagati hai aur usaki jvalaean sahasroan yojan oopar uthane lagati haian, ve gandharvoan, pishachoan, yakshoan, nagoan, rakshasoan ko jalane lagati hai, keval prithvi hi nahian, pratyut ‘bhuv:’ evan ‘sv:’ lok bhi jal jate haian . tab vishal sanvartak badal hathiyoan ke jhundoan ke saman, vidyut se chamatkrit ho akash mean chha jate haian aur ati varsha kar agni bujhane lagate haian. jab agni bujh jati hai, nash ke badal sampoorn lok ko badhoan se gher lete hai; parvat chhip jate haian, prithvi pani mean nimagn ho jati hai aur sabhi kuchh jalarnav ho jata hai aur tab brahma yaugik nidra mean a jate haian.' vanaparv [48] mean naimittik pralay ka sankshipt varnan hai.
  • koorm puran [49] evan vishnu puran [50] mean prakritik pralay ka varnan hai jo saankhy ke varnan ke saman hai - 'jab agh lokoan ke sath sabhi lok anavrishti se nasht ho jate hai aur mahat se age ke sabhi prabhav nasht ho jate haian , to jal sarvapratham gandh ko sokh leta hai aur jab gandhat matra nasht ho jati hai, prithvi jalamay ho jati hai, jal ke vishisht gun ras-tanmatra ka nash ho jata hai, keval agni shesh rahati hai aur sampoorn lok agnijvala se paripoorn ho jata hai; tab vayu agni ko atmasat kar leta hai aur roop-tanmatra ka vinash ho jata hai; vayu sabhi 10 dishaoan ko hila deta hai; akash vayu ke sparsh-gun ko har leta hai aur keval akash hi shoony-sa p da rahata hai aur shabd-tanmatra chali jati hai. is prakar sat prakritiyaan mahat evan ahankar ke sath kram se samapt ho jati hai; yahaan tak ki purush evan prakriti paramatma (vishnu) mean vilin ho jate haian. vishnu ka din manush varshoan ke do pararghoan ke barabar hota hai.'
  • harivansh [51], kahate haian ki kalp ke aant mean keval muni markandey bache rahate haian aur pralay (ya kalp) ke samay tak vishnu mean avasthit rahate haian aur phir unake mukh se bahar a jate haian .
  • brahm puran [52] ka kathan hai ki kalpant ke samay markandey ek vat vriksh dekhate haian aur ratnajatit ek shayya par p de hue ek balak (svayan vishnu) ko dekhate hai; isake uparant ve usamean pravesh kar jate haian aur bad ko bahar a jate haian .
  • matsy puran [53], bhagavadgita [54] mean brahma ki ratri ke agaman par sabhi praniyoan ke bar-bar lay evan brahma ke din ke arambh par praniyoan ke pun:udbhav ki bat ayi hai.
  • yugoan, manvantaroan evan kalpoan ka siddhaant avastavik evan kalpana matr hai. kintu isamean antarhit bhav hai ki akhil brahmand ki 'kal-sanhita'; yadyapi samay-samay par yah prakat hota hai, kramash: ghatata, nasht ho jata hai, keval divy prakash ke uparant poornata ke roop mean pun: prakat hone ke liye. isamean yah bhavana bhi hai ki manav vastavikata ke pichhe p da rahata hai aur bhaanti-bhaanti ke adarshoan ki prapti karana chahata hai. isamean yah mahanh bhavana hai ki manav kisi vishisht lakshy ko lekar chalata hai, vibhinn prakar ke b de-b de prayasoan evan udyogoan ke sath usaki prapti ka prayatn karata hai, kuchh saphalata ke uparant us lakshy ka tyag karata hai aur us dhang ko bhi chho data hai jisake sahare vah age badha tha aur pun: kisi any lakshy ka nirdharan karata hai aur usaki prapti ke lie bahut kal tak is asha se prayatn karata hai ki sudoor kal mean vah aise samaj ka nirman kar sake jo poorn ho. [55]
  • yugoan, manvantaroan evan kalpoan ke siddhaant ke vistaroan ke vishay mean kee mat-mataantar haian.
  • aryabhat ke mat se charoan yugoan ka vistar saman tha, n ki 4, 3, 2 evan 1 ke samanupat mean; unhoanne kaha hai ki jab ve 23 varsh ke the to tin yugapad evan 3600 varsh vyatit hue the [56].
  • brahmagupt [57] ne kaha hai ki yadyapi aryabhat ne ghoshit kiya hai ki kritayug adi yugoan ke char pad barabar hai, kintu smritiyaan mean aisi bat nahian jati . ek any virodhi bat bhi hai. aryabhat [58] ne kaha hai ki manu 72 yugoan ki ek avadhi hai, kiantu any smritiyoan evan puranoan ne manvantar ko 71 yug mane haian. aryabhat ne yah bhi kaha hai ki brahma ka din 1008 chaturyugoan ke barabar hai [59].
  • prasiddh vaijnanik jyotirvid bhaskarachary [60] ne adhairy ke sath kaha hai- ‘kuchh logoan ka kathan hai ki brahma ka ardh jivan (arthath 50 varsh) samapt ho chuka hai kintu kuchh logoan ke mat se 58 varsh vyatit hue haian. chahe jo saty parampara ho, isaka koee upayog nahian hai, brahma ke chaloo din mean jo din vyatit ho chuke haian, unhian mean sthitiyoan ko rakhana hai. ’

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panne ki pragati avastha
adhar
prarambhik
madhyamik
poornata
shodh

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tika tippani aur sandarbh

  1. ↑ rrigved,10|190|3
  2. ↑ sooryachandramasau dhata yavapoorvamakalpayath. didan ch prithivian chantarikshamo sv:. rrigved (10|190|3
  3. ↑ av savat kapa arthath yavath sarvat-kalpamh
  4. ↑ av kapamh=yavat kalpamh
  5. ↑ mahaparinibbanasut 3|53
  6. ↑ rrigved 3|26|3
  7. ↑ poona orintalist (jild 6,pri. 211-212
  8. ↑ 4 yugantaramh aroodh: savita
  9. ↑ rrigved 10|60|8, 10|101|3 evan 4
  10. ↑ chatvari bharate varshe yugani munayo vidu:. kritan treta dvaparan ch tishyan cheti chaturyugamh॥ - vayu puran (24|1,45|137 evan 57|22) aur matsy puran(142|17-18), brahm puran (27|64). dvapar yug ke aant ke vishay mean kee batean payi jati haian. aisa aya hai ki kauravoan evan pandavoan ka yuddh dvapar evan kali ki sandhya mean hua. mahabharat adiparv 2|13). shalyaparv (60|25), vanaparv (149|38) mean aya hai ki jab bharatayuddh hone vala tha to kaliyug samip tha. kintu bahut-se puranoan mean aisa aya hai ki krishna ne jab apane avatar ka ant kiya aur svarg chale ge to kaliyug ka arambh ho gaya. yah bat vayu puran (99|428-429), brahmand puran (3|74|241), matsy puran (273|49-50), vishnu puran (4|14|110), bhagavat puran (12|2|32), brahm puran (212|8) mean doosare shabdoan mean kathit hai. mausalaparv (1|13 evan 2|20) mean aya hai ki krishna bharat-yuddh (mahabharat) ke turant bad hi ya kuchh varshoan ke uparaant dvapar ka aant hua.
  11. ↑ epigraiphiya indika, jild 23, pri. 81
  12. ↑ vanaparv adhyay 149,188; shantiparv adhyay 69, 231-232
  13. ↑ manusmriti 1|61-74, 79-86
  14. ↑ vishnudharmasootr 20|1-21
  15. ↑ vishnu puran 1|3, 6|3
  16. ↑ brahm puran 5|229-232
  17. ↑ matsy puran 142-145
  18. ↑ vayu puran adhyay 21,22,57,58,100
  19. ↑ koorm puran 1, a. 51 evan 53
  20. ↑ brahmand puran 2|6 evan 31-36, 3|1
  21. ↑ markandey puran 58-64, 66-70,91-97
  22. ↑ vishnu puran 6|3|11-12
  23. ↑ shatapath brahman 10|4|2, 22, 23, 25
  24. ↑ shatapath brahman
  25. ↑ d aau. je. filiyojat, je. o. ar., madras, jild 25,1957 ee. pri.1-8
  26. ↑ alaberooni sachau, jild 1, pri. 332
  27. ↑ brahm puran (5|4-5), vishnu puran (3|1|6-7
  28. ↑ nrisianh puran 24|17-35
  29. ↑ brahm puran 5|5-6
  30. ↑ narad puran 1|40|20-23
  31. ↑ manvantar ka arth hai ‘any manu:’ ya manoonamantaramavakashoavadhirva. yadi 1000 mahayugoan ko 14 se bhag dean to pratyek manvantar 71 mahayug+kuchh aur (arthath 14 mahayug). ‘manu’ shabd rrigved evan any sanhitaoan mean aya hai. manu ko manavata evan muniyoan ka pita kaha gaya hai ki ve manavoan ke uchit marg ka pradarshan karate haian . - rrigved (2|33|13|, 8|30|3, 4|54|1); taittiriy sanhita(2|2|10|2); kathak sanhita (11|5).shatapath brahman (1|8|1|1) mean manu evan pralay ki prasiddhi gatha ayi hai. taittiriy sanhita (3|1|9|4-6) evan aitarey brahman (22|9) mean manu evan unake putr nabhanedisht ki katha hai.
  32. ↑ brahm puran 5|39; vishnu puran 3|1-2
  33. ↑ vishnu puran 1|12|93
  34. ↑ vishnu dharmasootr 20|1-15
  35. ↑ albarooni sachau, jild 1, pri.332
  36. ↑ jo puranoan ke anusar 4,32,000 varshoan tak chalega aur jo 5071 varshoan tak sanh 1970 ee. mean bit chuka hai
  37. ↑ vanaparv (adhyay 188, 190
  38. ↑ shantiparv 69|80-97
  39. ↑ bhavishyaparv, adhyay 3-5
  40. ↑ brahm puran adhyay 229-230
  41. ↑ vayu puran adhyay 58,99
  42. ↑ matsy puran 144|32-47
  43. ↑ koorm puran 1|30
  44. ↑ vayu puran adhyay 21-23
  45. ↑ matsy puran 290
  46. ↑ brahmand puran 2|31|119
  47. ↑ koorm puran 2|45|11-49
  48. ↑ vanaparv (272|32-48
  49. ↑ koorm puran 1|46
  50. ↑ vishnu puran 6|4|12-49
  51. ↑ bhavishyaparv, adhyay 10|12-68
  52. ↑ brahm puran 52|12-29 evan 53|55
  53. ↑ matsy puran 167|14-66
  54. ↑ bhagavadgita 8|18-19
  55. ↑ manusmriti- tap: paran kritayuge tretayaan jnanamuchyate. dvapare yajnamevahurdanamekan kalau yuge॥- manusmriti (1|86) yahi bat shaanti parv (23|28), vayu puran (8|65-66), parasharasmriti (1|23)mean aya hai—‘kritayug mean tap sarvochch lakshy tha, treta mean jnan, dvapar mean yajn, kali mean keval dan .’ yah bat manav ke vibhinn sundar udyogoan evan preranaoan ki dyotak hai.
  56. ↑ kalakriyapad 10
  57. ↑ brahmagupt 1|9
  58. ↑ aryabhat dashaghatika, shlok 3
  59. ↑ brahmagupt 1|12
  60. ↑ bhaskarachary 1114 ee. mean utpann

sanbandhit lekh

dekhean • varta • badalean
kal ganana

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