कारक

sanjna ya sarvanam ke jis roop se vaky ke any shabdoan ke sath usake sambandh ka bodh hota hai, use karak kahate haian. hindi mean ath karak hote haian- karta, karm, karan, sampradan, apadan, sambandh, adhikaran aur sambodhan. vibhakti ya parasarg-jin pratyayoan se karakoan ki sthitiyoan ka bodh hota hai, unhean vibhakti ya parasarg kahate haian. ath karakoan ke vibhakti chihn ya parasarg is prakar hote haian-

karak ke vibhinn chihn

karak	chihn	arth
karta	ne	kam karane vala
karm	ko	jis par kam ka prabhav p de
karan	se, dvara	jisake dvara karta kam karean
sampradan	ko,ke lie	jisake lie kriya ki jae
apadan	se (alag hona)	jisase alagav ho
sambandh	ka, ki, ke; na, ni, ne; ra, ri, re	any padoan se sambandh
adhikaran	mean,par	kriya ka adhar
sanbodhan	he! are! aji!	kisi ko pukarana, bulana

karta karak

kriya karane vale ko karta kahate haian. yah svatantr hota hai. isamean 'ne' vibhakti ka prayog hota hai. jaise-

• rajendr ne patr bheja hai.
• maianne bhojan kiya hai.

kahian-kahian vaky mean karta karak ke 'ne' chihn ka lop bhi rahata hai. jaise-

• ram roti khata hai.
• maian jata hooan.

karm karak

jis par kriya ke vyapar ka prabhav p data hai. use karm karak kahate haian. isamean 'ko' vibhakti chihn ka prayog hota hai. jaise-

• gopal ne radha ko bulaya hai.
• usane pani ko chhana hai.

kuchh vakyoan mean karm karak ke chihn 'ko' ka lop bhi rahata hai. jaise-

• shyam pustak padhata hai.
• mere dvara yah kary hua hai.

karan karak

jisake dvara kriya hoti hai, use karan karak kahate haian. karan karak ke vibhakti chihn 'se, dvara' haian. jaise-

• kalam se patr likha hai.
• mere dvara kary hua hai.

sampradan karak

jisake lie kriya ki jati hai athava jise koee vastu di jati hai, vahaan sampradan karak hota hai. isake vibhakti chihn 'ke lie' aur 'ko' haian. jaise-

• bhookhe ke lie roti lao.
• raj jnanoo ko pustak deta hai.
• maian bazar ko ja raha hooan.

apadan karak

jahaan ek sanjna ka doosari sanjna se alag hona soochit hota hai, vahaan apadan karak hota hai. isaka vibhakti chihn 'se' hai. jaise-

• pe d se patte gire.
• l daka chhat se gira hai.
• mean baiank se rupaya laya hooan.

sambandh karak

jahaan ek sanjna ya sarvanam ka sambandh doosari sanjna ya sarvanam se soochit hota hai, vahaan sambandh karak hota hai. isake vibhakti chihn ka, ki, ke; ra, ri, re; na, ni, ne haian. jaise-

• ram ka l daka, shyam ki l daki, gita ke bachche.
• mera l daka, meri l daki, hamare bachche.
• apana l daka, apana l daki, apane l dake.

adhikaran karak

jahaan koee sanjna ya sarvanam kisi any sanjna ya sarvanam ka adhar ho, vahaan adhikaran karak hota hai. isake vibhakti chihn 'mean, par' haian. jaise-

• mahal mean dipak jal raha hai.
• chhap par kap de sookh rahe haian.
• mujhamean shakti bahut kam hai.

sambodhan karak

jahaan pukarane, chetavani dene ya dhyan akarshit karane ke lie kisi ko sambodhit kiya jata hai, vahaan sambodhan karak hota hai. isake vibhakti chihn 'he, are, aji' haian. jaise-

• he eeshvar! kripa karo.
• are mohan! idhar ao.
• aji! tum use kya maroge?

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh