कालिदास की अलंकार-योजना

kalidas vishay soochi

parichay    rachanaean    kavy mean prakriti chitran    charitr-chitran    alankar-yojana    ras sanyojana    saundary aur prem    lokachar aur lokatattv    vidyottama

kalidas ki alankar-yojana
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poora nam	mahakavi kalidas
janm	150 varsh eesa poorv se 450 eesavi ke madhy
janm bhoomi	uttar pradesh
pati/patni	vidyottama
karm bhoomi	bharat
karm-kshetr	sanskrit kavi
mukhy rachanaean	natak- abhijnan shakuntalamh, vikramorvashiyamh aur malavikagnimitramh; mahakavy- raghuvanshamh aur kumarasanbhavamh, khandakavy- meghadootamh aur rritusanhar
bhasha	sanskrit
puraskar-upadhi	mahakavi
sanbandhit lekh	kalidas ke kavy mean prakriti chitran, kalidas ke charitr-chitran, kalidas ka chhand vidhan, kalidas ki ras sanyojana, kalidas ka saundary aur prem, kalidas lokachar aur lokatattv
any janakari	kalidas shaklo-soorat se suandar the aur vikramadity ke darabar ke navaratnoan mean ek the. lekin kaha jata hai ki praranbhik jivan mean kalidas anapadh aur moorkh the.
inhean bhi dekhean	kavi soochi, sahityakar soochi

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kalidas ke kavyoan mean shabdalankaroan ka prayog apekshakrit kam milata hai. yadyapi yatr - tatr sanuprasik padavali dikhayi deti hai, kiantu utani hi matra mean jitani ki kavyapravah mean atyant svabhavik roop se upanibaddh ho gayi hai. yatha-

jivanpun: shashvadupaplavebhy: praja: prajanath pitev pasi

• any shabdalankaroan mean buddhi vilas hone ke karan mahakavi ki ruchi nahian dikhaee deti. yahi karan hai ki unake kavyoan mean yamak, shlesh adi ke prayog nagany haian.
• kavi ne arthalankaroan ka paryapt prayog kiya hai. arthalankaroan mean bhi upama, roopak, utpreksha, arthaantaranyas adi alankaroan ka bahuly hai. inamean bhi samikshakoan ne kavi ki upama ko sarvashreshth kaha hai- 'upama kalidasasy'. kuchh log upama se upamalankar ka to kuchh log sadrishyamoolak alankar ka arth grahan karate haian. vastut: kavi ki upama ka vinyas jitana sundar hota hai, roopak, utpreksha drishtaant, arthaantaranyas adi ka usase kam nahian. at: 'upama' se sadrishmoolak arthalankar arth grahan karana hi uchit hai. kavi ke anek arthaantaranyas sookti ke roop mean prasiddh haian. arthaantaranyasoan ki isi lokapriyata se prabhavit kisi samikshak ka kathan hai-

upama kalidasasy notkrishteti matan mam.
arthaantaranyasavinyase kalidasoan vishishyate॥

• chahe upama ka prayog ho ya arthaantaranyas ka athava kisi any alankar ka, sabhi kavy mean vishesh chamatkar utpann karate haian. vishesh roop se upama ka prayog to advitiy hai. unaki upamayean kahian-kahian yatharth haian to kahian shastriy aur kahian adhyatmik. ve upamaoan ke kushal shilpi haian. raghuvansh ke pratham pady mean kavi ne shiv aur parvati ke sambandh ki upama shabd aur arth ke sambandh se di hai-

vagarthaviv sampriktau vagarthapratipattaye.
jagat: pitarau vande parvatiparameshvari॥

• sambhav hai, 'shabdarthau sahitau kavyamh' is kavyalakshan ki prerana acharyoan ko isi upama se mili ho. maharaja dilip nandini ke sath sayankal jab lautate haian to svagatarth sudakshina age ati hai tab sudakshina evan dilip ke madhy nandini aise shobhit hoti hai jaise din aur ratri ke bich sandhya sushobhit hoti hai.
• tejasvi raja dilip ki din se, nandini ki lalimayukt sandhya se tatha shyamavarna sudakshina ki ratri se upama satik tatha manohar hai. raghuvansh ke indumati svayanvar mean indumati ki dipashikha se di gayi upama itani prasiddh ho gayi ki kavi ka nam hi 'dipashikha-kalidas' p d gaya. indumati jin-jin rajaoan ko chho dakar age badhati jati thi, unaka muanh udas p data jata tha jaise rajamarg ke ve- ve bhavan jo dipak ke age badh jane par dhuandhale p date jate haian-

sancharini dipashikhev ratrau yan yan vyatitay patianvara sa.
narendramargatth iv prapede, vivarnabhavan s s bhoomipal:॥

meghadoot mahakavy

meghadoot mean upama ka prayog to shladhy hai hi, kiantu vahaan utpreksha ka bahulyen prayog hai. megh ke ramagiri se alakanagari ki or prasthan karane par marg mean p dane vale nagaroan, parvatoan evan nadiyoan me megh ke sampark se kaisi apoorv shobhavriddhi hoti hai, kavi ne utpreksha ke madhyam se chitrit kiya hai. krishnavarn megh jab vishram karane ke liye pake amravrikshoan se ghire hue amrakoot parvat par baithega to prithivi ke stan jaisi dikhayi dene vali yah shobha devataoan ke dvara dekhane yogy hogi- chhannopaant: parinataphaladyotibhi: kananamrai-

stvayyaroodhe shikharamachal: snigdhaveni savarne.
noonan yasyatyamaramithunaprekshaniyamavasthaan
madhye shyam: stan iv bhuv: sheshavistarapandu:॥

• isi prakar megh jab charmanvati nadi se jalagrahan karane ke liye jhukega to akashasth devataoan ko door se aisa pratit hoga manoan prithivi ke muktahar ke mdhy mean indranilamani piroan diya gaya ho-

prekshishyante gaganagatayo noonamavarjy drishti-
rekan muktagunamiv bhuv: sthoolamadhyendranilamh॥

• ukt donoan hi upamaoan mean kavi ne ooanchaee se prithvi ke kisi drishy ko dekhane par usaki jo chhavi pratibhasit hoti hai, use adbhut kalpanashilata se prastut kiya hai.

kumarasambhav

kumarasambhav mean kavi ne kamadev ke prabhav se shankar ke man mean uthe vikar ki b di hi satik upama di hai. jis tarah chandrama ke udit hone par samudr mean jvar a jata hai, usi prakar parvati ko dekh lene par shankar ke man mean halachal hone lagi aur unhoanne apane netr parvati ke bimbaphal sadrish adharoshthoan par g da diye-

harastu kinchith pariluptadhairyashchandrodayarambh ivamburashi:.
umamukhe bimbaphaladharoshthe vyaparayamas vilochanani॥

• upama ke sandarbh mean yah ullekhaniy hai ki kalidas ki upama banabhatt prabhriti kaviyoan ki bhaanti shleshanupranit nahian hai phalat: pathakoan ko arthavabodh mean klishtama ka samana nahian karana p data.
• mahakavi ke kavyoan mean arthaantaranyas ka bhi paryapt prayog hua hai. aise sthal sooktiyoan ke nidarshan haian, jahaan kavi ne sararoop mean apana laukik anubhav vyakt kiya hai. megh to dhool, agni, jal aur vayu ka sammishran hai, achetan hai aur sandesh to kushal indriyoan vale log hi le ja sakate haian phir bhi utsukatavash yaksh ne megh se prarthana ki, kyoanki kamapidit logoan ko chetan-achetan ka dhyan nahian rahata-

ityautsukyadapariganayanh guhyakastan yayache.
kamartta hi prakritikripanashchetanachetananeshu॥

• yahaan vishesh ka ek lokasamany tathy se samarthan kiya gaya hai. isi prakar kumarasambhav ka prasiddh shlok-

anantaratnaprabhavasy yastr himan n saubhagyavilopi jatamh.
eko hi doshoan gunasannitindo: kiraneshvivank:॥

• asankhy ratn utpann karane vale himalay ki shobha him ke karan kam nahian huee, kyoanki jahaan bahut se gun hoan vahaan ek dosh usi tarah se nahian dikhaee deta jaise chandrama ke kiranoan mean kalank.
• mahakavi ne uparyukt alankaroan ke atirikt atishayokti, sahokti, sandeh, vibhavana, arthapatti, parinam, samasokti, parikar, udatt, kavyaling, nidarshana, visheshokti adi ka bhi sundar prayog kiya hai. kahian-kahian ek pady mean anek alankaroan ka sankar athava sansrishti bhi dikhayi deti hai.
• kalidas ne apani virat kalpana aur saundaryadrishti ke dvara sare bharat ki apar sushama tatha is desh ki vasundhara ke pratikshan parivartaman apoorv roop se poori gatyatmakata ke sath sakshatkar karaya hai. unake aprastut vidhan mean rangoan ki parakh ke sath rangoan ke mishran se utpann chhataoan ko shabdachitroan mean sakar kar diya gaya hai. raghuvansh ke terahavean sarg mean pushpak viman se lautate hue ram ke dvara lanka se ayodhya tak ke tirthasthaloan, nadiyoan, parvatoan aur ramaniy pradeshoan ka varnan is drishti se b da manoram hai. prayag mean ganga - yamuna ke sangam ka chitr hai-

kvachith prabhalepibhirindranilairmuktamayi yashtirivanuviddha.
anyatr mala sitapankajanamindivarairutkhachitaantarev..
kvachith khagana priyamanasanaan kadambasansargavatit panakti:.
anyatr kalagurudattapanna bhaktirbhuvashchandanakalpitev॥
kvachith prabha chandramasi tamobhishchhayavilinai: shabalikritev.
anyatr shubhro sharadabhralekha randhreshshivalakshyanabh: pradesha॥
kvachichch krishnaoragabhooshanev bhasmangaraga tanurishvarasy.
pashyanavadyanagi vibhati ganga bhinnapravaha yamunatarangai:॥

• kahi to prabhaoan mean lipate indranilamaniyoan mean guanthi saphed motiyoan ki l di si, kahian saphed kamaloan ki us mala ke jaisi jisamean bich-bich mean nilakamal guanthe hoan, kahian kadamb pakshi ke sath u date rajahansoan ki katar ke saman, to kahian dharati par chandan se bani bhakti-rekha ke saman jisamean kale agaru ki thap di gayi ho, kahian chandrama ki prabha ke saman, jisamean chhaya mean dubaka aandhera mila hua ho, to kahian sharad ke svachchh meghoan ki katar sarp ke abhooshan se yukt shiv ki deh ke saman-is prakar yamuna ke tarangoan se bhinn pravah vali yah ganga sushobhit ho rahi hai. yahaan kavi ne ganga ki shubhrata aur yamuna ke nil varn ke sammishran ke liye upamanoan ki jo mala gooanthi hai, vah sangam ke drishy ke sarvatha anuroop hai.
• isi prakar kalidas apane varnyavishay ki apoorvata ka anubhav dene ke liye kahian upamanoan ko ek doosare se jo d dete haian, to kahian kisi prachalit upaman mean apani or se koee visheshata jo d kar use prastut karate haian. parvati ke othoan par thirakati muskan ki tulana kis vastu se ho sakati hai? yadi phool ko pravah (mooange) par rakha jay, ya saphed moti ko vidrum mani par to usamean shubhr smit ka ve anukaran kar sakate haian-

pushpan pravalopahitan yadi syanmuktaphalan va sphutavidrumasthamh.
tatosnukuryadh vishadasy tasyastamraushthaparyastaruch: smitasy॥

• kahian kalidas naisargik padarthoan ko manushy jagath ke upadanoan ya alankaranoan se upamit karate haian, to kahian manushy ke liye ve naisargik upaman late haian. yaksh ke bhavan ke bahar pakshiyoan ke baithane ke liye sone ki vasayashti hai, jo nilam maniyoan se ju di huee hai. kavi ne yahaan mani ke liye upaman diya hai- 'anatipraudhavanshaprakashai:'- hare baans ki kaanti vale. kahian kalidas varny ki cheshta, gati aur akriti ko sakar karate hue upaman mean bhi tadanuroop cheshta, gati adi ka apani kalpana se adhan kar dete haian. parvati lata matr n hokar 'sancharini pallavini lata' hai. indumati bhi sancharini dipashikha hai. yauvan ke agaman par parvati ka deh chaturastr shobha se yukt ho jata hai, jaise chitr ke khake mean toolika se rang bhar diye gaye hoan, ya kamal soory ki kiranoan ka sparsh pakar khil utha ho- aise navayauvan ne unake deh mean baankapan la diya-

unmilitan toolikayev chitran sooryaanshubhirbhinnamivaravindamh.
babhoov tasyashchaturastrashobhi vapurvibhaktan navayauvan॥

• kalidas kavyarachana mean samadhigun ki abhivyakti ke sath pray: achhoote upaman utha kar late haian. ye upaman unaki maulikata aur pratibha ke navonmesh ka anubhav karate haian. indumati ke divangat hone par aj ka hriday shok se aise hi vidirn ho gaya, jaise chhat par phoot aye plaksh ke pe d se chhat darak jati hai. kaikeyi ke mukh se do varadanoan ki bat aise hi nikali, jaise varsha hone par dharati mean bil se do saanp bahar aye hoan.
• kalidas ke aprastut vidhan mean manav svabhav tatha prakriti ka sookshm paryavekshan, navin parikalpanaean, saundary-drishti tatha gahan sanvedanashilata ne unaki kavita ko atishay sampann bana diya- isamean koee sandeh nahian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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