किशनगंगा नदी

kishanaganga nadi kashmir kshetr mean bahane vali nadi hai. bharat ke p dosi desh pakistan mean is nadi ka nam badalakar 'nilam nadi' kar diya gaya hai.

marg

yah nadi jammoo-kashmir rajy ke sonamarg shahar ke pas sthit kishanasar jhil se shuroo hoti hai aur uttar ko chalati hai, jahaan badoab gaanv ke pas dras se ane vali ek upanadi isamean mil jati hai. yah kuchh door tak niyantran rekha ke sath-sath chalakar yah nadi gurez ke pas pak-adhikrit kashmir ke gilagit-baltistan kshetr mean pravesh kar jati hai. kishanaganga nadi ke kul 245 ki.mi. ke marg mean se 50 ki.mi. hi bharatiy niyantran vale ilaqe mean ata hai aur shesh 195 ki.mi. pak-adhikrit kashmir mean p data hai.

kishanaganga vadi

kishanaganga vadi, jise pakistan nilam vadi kahata hai, 250 ki.mi. lambi hari-bhari himalay ki god mean sthit tang ghati hai. yah muzzafarabad​ se hokar athamuqam tak jati hai. yahaan hindoo v bauddh dharmoan ka aitihasik shiksha sansthan 'sharada pith' sthit hai. yah poorv kshetr sarasvati devi se sambandhit mana jata tha aur ise purane zamane mean 'sharadadesh' bhi kaha jata tha.

siandh-tas samajhauta

pakistan banane ke samay zamin to bant gee, lekin pani nahian. bharat aur pakistan ke bich pani ke istemal ko lekar tanav 1960 tak jari raha. akhirakar vishv baiank ki madhyasthata mean donoan deshoan ke bich 'siandh-tas samajhaute' par hastakshar kie ge aur laga ki kam se kam pani ke masale par bat big degi nahian. isake bad donoan deshoan ke bich do b de yuddh hue aur kee bar yuddh ke halat bane, lekin is samajhaute par aanch nahian aee. matabhed door karane ke lie abhi bhi donoan desh vishv baiank ka rukh karate haian.

siandh-tas samajhaute ke tahat is bat par sahamati huee ki 'siandhu besin' ki chhah nadiyoan aur unaki sahayak nadiyoan ka pani kaun aur kaise istemal karega. chhah mean se tin nadiyaan bharat ke hisse mean aeean aur tin pakistan ke. inhean poorvi aur pashchimi nadiyaan kaha jata hai. siandhu, jhelam aur chinab poorvi nadiyaan haian, jinake pani par pakistan ka haq hai jabaki ravi, vyas aur satalaj pashchimi nadiyaan haian, jinake pani par bharat ka haq hai. siandh-tas samajhaute ke tahat bharat poorvi nadiyoan ka pani bhi istemal kar sakata hai, lekin sakht shartoan ke tahat. bharat ko in nadiyoan par bijali ghar banane ki bhi ijazat hai, basharte ki pani ka bahav svikrit sima se kam n ho aur nadiyoan ke raste mean badalav n kiya jae. ye 'ran aauf d rivar' projekts kahalate haian yani aise projekt jinake lie baandh n banana p de. kishanaganga jhelam ki sahayak nadi hai, jise pakistan mean 'nilam nadi' kaha jata hai.

pakistani dalil

bharat ne sal 2005 mean kishanaganga nadi par niyantran rekha ke bahut qarib ek bijalighar banane ka elan kiya tha. ise 'kishanaganga haidroilektrik projekt' kahate haian. kishanaganga chooanki jhelam ki sahayak nadi hai, isalie usake pani par pakistan ka haq hai. is projekt par bharat ne qarib chhah hazar karo d rupe kharch kie haian. ye projekt bharat prashasit kashmir ki gurez vadi se kashmir mean baandipora tak phaila hua hai. isake lie kishanaganga ka pani istemal kiya jata hai aur phir is pani ko ek alag rasta istemal karate hue vular jhil mean chho d diya jata hai, jahaan se ye vapas jhelam ke pani ke sath pakistan chala jata hai. pakistan ka tark hai ki is projekt se donoan hi shartoan ka ullanghan hota hai, nilam mean pani bhi kam hoga aur kishanaganga ka rasta bhi badala jaega. vah khud is nadi par ek bijali ghar bana raha hai jise 'nilam-jhelam haidroilektrik projekt' kahate haian. is projekt se ek hazar megavat bijali paida hogi, lekin saval ye hai ki isase kya itana pani mil paega jitane ki zaroorat hai? isake alava pakistan mean kheti ke lie bhi ye pani behad aham hai.

pakistan ka tark hai ki use jitana pani milana chahie, usase kafi kam milega jisaki vajah se us ilaqe mean pani ki qillat hogi. 330 megavat ke kishanaganga projekt ke elan ke fauran bad hi pakistan ne vishv baiank ka daravaza khatakhataya tha. bharat ka tark hai ki kishanaganga projekt siandh-tas samajhaute ki shartoan ka palan karate hue hi banaya gaya hai. pakistan ke virodh ke bad bharat ne bijali ghar ke lie 97 mitar ooancha baandh banane ka irada chho d diya, ab usaki ooanchaee 37 mitar hai.

kishanaganga mean bijali

sal 2010 mean bharat-pakistan ka yah vivad heg sthit aantararashtriy nyayalay mean pahuancha, jisane projekt par kam rokane ka adesh diya. tin sal bad adalat ne apane faisale mean kaha ki bharat ye bijali ghar bana to sakata hai, kyoanki ye 'ran af d rivar projekt' hai, lekin use kishanaganga mean tayashuda matra mean pani ke bahav ko sunishchit karana hoga. pakistan ne 2016 mean phir vishv baiank se sanpark kiya, is bar kishanaganga projekt ke dizain par apana virodh darj karavaya. vishv baiank ne is masale ke hal ke lie do satah par karravaee shuroo ki thi, lekin donoan pakshoan ki is dalil par ki donoan beanch alag-alag faisale suna sakate haian, is karravaee ko rok diya gaya. jab kishanaganga mean bijali banani shuroo huee to pakistan ne phir vishv baiank se kaha ki vah siandh-tas samajhaute ke palan ko sunishchit kare.

bharat ke lie aham projekt

jahaan tak bijali banane ka saval hai, visheshajnoan ke mutabiq ye bahut chhota projekt hai, jahaan sirf 330 megav aaut bijali banegi. pani mamaloan ke visheshajn himaanshu thakkar ke anusar isaki rananitik ahamiyat zyada hai, kyoanki ye gurez sektar mean niyantran rekha ke bahut qarib hai. kyoanki ye behad dushvar ilaqa hai, isalie kishanaganga par lagat ausat se bahut zyada aee hai, jisake natije mean yahaan banane vali bijali bhi bahut mahangi hogi. bharat mean aqsar ye maang bhi ki gee hai ki vah siandh-tas samajhaute ko khatm kar de. halaanki kuchh logoan ka ye bhi kahana hai ki siandh-tas samajhaute ko baraqarar to rakha jae, lekin isake tahat bharat jitana zyada se zyada pani istemal kar sakata hai, use karana chahie.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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