कुरुविंद
kuruviand ya kurand (aangrezi: Corundum) ek manibhiy khanij patthar hai, jo vishv ke vibhinn sthaloan mean paya jata hai. bharat mean bhi kuruviand prapy hai. samany kuruviand mean koee akarshak rang nahian hota. yah sadharanataya dhoosar, bhoora, nila aur kala hota hai. kuruviand ka ianjiniyari udyogoan mean tatha apagharshakoan aur shanachakroan ke nirman mean adhikatar prayog kiya jata hai.
prapti sthan
yah qimati patthar bharat mean kee sthanoan par paya jata hai. asam ki khasi aur jayantiyaan paha diyoan mean; bihar ke hazaribag, sianhabhoomi aur manabhoom zile; chennee ka selam zila; madhy pradesh ke pohara, bhandara tatha riva; u disa tatha maisoor pradeshoan mean yah patthar milata hai. maisoor, chennee aur kashmir mean prapt hone vala kuruviand adhovarti varg ka hota hai. is patthar ki do visheshaean haian- yah kathor aur chamakadar hota hai.[1]
rang
samany kuruviand mean koee akarshak rang nahian hota. yah sadharanataya dhoosar, bhoora, nila aur kala hota hai. kuchh rangin kuruviand vishisht akarshak rangoan ke hone ke karan ratn ke roop mean 'manik', 'nilam', 'yakoot' adi namoan se bikate haian. tho de apadravyoan ke karan isamean rang hota hai.
rasayanik gun
kuruviand apadravy dhatuoan ke aauksaid, visheshat: kromiyam aur lohe ke aauksaid hote haian. kuruviand ki kathorata 9 hai, jabaki hire ki kathorata 10 hoti hai. isaka vishisht gurutv 3.94 se 4.10 hota hai. yah ailyoominiyam ka prakritik aauksaid (Al2 O3) hai, jisake manibh shatkoniy tatha kabhi-kabhi belan ya mridang ki akriti ke hote haian.
prayog
kuruviand ka ianjiniyari udyogoan mean tatha apagharshakoan aur shanachakroan ke nirman mean adhikatar prayog kiya jata hai. paradarshak kuruviand ka prayog bahumooly patthar ki bhaanti hota hai. ajakal kuruviand ka sthan ek navin padarth karborandam ne le liya hai, jo bharat mean videshoan se ayat hota hai.[1]
kritrim nirman vidhiyaan
sarvapratham kritrim kuruviand ka nirman 1837 ee. mean choonit aur nistapt fitakari (ailam) aur poteshiyam salfet ke mishran ko ooanche tap par garam karake kiya gaya tha. bad ke samay mean isake banane ki anek vidhiyaan nikalian, jinase kuruviand ke atirikt kritrim manik aur nilam bhi banane lage. inake nirman ki char mukhy vidhiyaan haian-
- ailyoomina ko aauksi-haidrojan jvala mean pighalane se kuruviand prapt hua tha. mvasaan ne ailyoomina ko vidyut ki bhatthi mean pighalakar kuruviand prapt kiya tha. yadi ailyoomina ke sath tho da kromiyam aauksaid mila diya jay to manik bhi prapt ho sakata hai.
- ailyoomina ko yadi dravak ke sath pighalaya jae to usase kuruviand banata hai. dravak ke roop mean anek padarthoan, jaise- poteshiyam salfet, poteshiyam salfaid, poteshiyam daikromet, suhaga, led aauksaid, poteshiyam molibadet, krayolait, kshar aauksaid, siraka, poteshiyam tangastet aur kailsiyam ki kharadan aur gandhak ko nistapt karane se kuruviand prapt hua tha. aise kuruviand mean amanibhiy boran aur manibhiy ailyoominiyam boraid mila hua tha.
- (k) krayolait aur siliket ko ek plaitinam moosha mean garam karane, (kh) floraspar aur maikraseklain ke garam karane aur (g) dravit potash-abhrak ko thanda karane se kuruviand prapt hota hai.
- ailyoominiyam lavan ke jaliy vilayan ko ek band nali mean 3500 seantigret par athava ailyoominiyam lavan ke jaliy vilayan ko yooriya ke sath ek band nali mean 1800-1900 seantigret par garam karane athava ailyoominiyam floraid ko borik aml ke sath tap par vichchhedit karane se bhi kuruviand banata hai. ailkali salfet ke adhiky mean ailyoominiyam f aausfet ki uchch tap par kriya se[2] athava krayolait ko bhap ke pravah mean shvet tap par garam karane se kuruviand prapt hota hai.[1]
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