कुषाण वंश

'yuishi jati', jise 'yoochi qabila' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai, ka mool abhijan tibbat ke uttar-pashchim mean 'takala maqan' ki marubhoomi ke simant kshetr mean tha. hoonoan ke akraman prarambh ho chuke the yuishi logoan ke lie yah sambhav nahian tha ki ve barbar aur prachand hoon akrantaoan ka muqabala kar sakate. ve apane abhijan ko chho dakar pashchim v dakshin ki or jane ke lie vivash hue. us samay sir nadi ki ghati mean shak jati ka nivas tha. yoochi qabile ke logoan ne kushan vansh prarambh kiya.

yuishi logoan ke paanch rajyoan mean anyatam ka kueee-shuaanga tha. 25 ee. poo. ke lagabhag is rajy ka svami kushan nam ka vir purush hua, jisake shasan mean is rajy ki bahut unnati huee. usane dhire-dhire any yuishi rajyoan ko jitakar apane adhin kar liya. vah keval yuishi rajyoan ko jitakar hi santusht nahian hua, apitu usane samip ke parthiyan aur shak rajyoan par bhi akraman kie. anek aitihasikoan ka mat hai, ki kushan kisi vyakti vishesh ka nam nahian tha. yah nam yuishi jati ki us shakha ka tha, jisane any charoan yuishi rajyoan ko jitakar apane adhin kar liya tha. jis raja ne paanchoan yuishi rajyoan ko milakar apani shakti ka utkarsh kiya, usaka apana nam kujul kadafaisis tha. paryapt praman ke abhav mean yah nishchit kar sakana kathin hai ki jis yuishi vir ne apani jati ke vividh rajyoan ko jitakar ek sootr mean sangathit kiya, usaka vaiyaktik nam kushan tha ya kujul tha. yah asandigdh hai, ki bad ke yuishi raja bhi kushan vanshi the. raja kushan ke vanshaj hone ke karan ve kushan kahalae, ya yuishi jati ki kushan shakha mean utpann hone ke karan—yah nishchit n hone par bhi isamean sandeh nahian ki ye raja kushan kahalate the aur inhian ke dvara sthapit samrajy ko kushan samrajy kaha jata hai.

kushan bhi shakoan ki hi tarah madhy eshiya se nikale jane par qabul-kandhar ki or yahaan a gaye the. us kal mean yahaan ke hindi yoonaniyoan ki shakti kam ho gee thi, unhean kushanoan ne saralata se parajit kar diya. usake bad unhoanne qabul-kandhar par apana rajyadhikar qayam kiya. unake pratham raja ka nam kujul kadafaisis tha. usane qabul – kandhar ke yavanoan (hindi yoonaniyoan) ko hara kar bharat ki uttar-pashchimi sima par base hue pahlavoan ko bhi parajit kar diya. kushanoan ka shasan pashchimi panjab tak ho gaya tha. kujul ke pashchath usake putr vim taksham ne kushan rajy ka aur bhi adhik vistar kiya. bharat ki tatkalin rajanitik paristhiti ka labh utha kar ye log age badhe aur unhoanne hiand yoonani shasakoan ki shakti ko kamazor kar shuang samrajy ke pashchimi bhag ko apane adhikar mean kar liya. vijit pradesh ka kendr unhoanne mathura ko banaya, jo us samay uttar bharat ke dharm, kala tatha vyaparik yatayat ka ek pramukh nagar tha.

kushan vansh

kushan vansh (lagabhag 30 ee. se lagabhag 225 ee. tak) ee. sanh ke aranbh se shakoan ki kushan namak ek shakha ka prarambh hua. vidvanoan ne inhean yuishi, turooshk (tukhar) nam diya hai . yuishi jati prarambh mean madhy eshiya mean thi. vahaan se nikale jane par ye log kamboj-bahyik mean akar bas gaye aur vahaan ki sabhyata se prabhavit rahe. hiandukush ko par kar ve chitaral desh ke pashchim se uttari svat aur hazara ke raste age badhate rahe. tukhar pradesh ki unaki paanch riyasatoan par unaka adhikar ho gaya. ee. poorv pratham shati mean kushanoan ne yahaan ki sabhyata ko apanaya. kushan vansh ke jo shasak the unake nam is prakar hai-

1. kujul kadafaisis: shasan kal (30 ee. se 80 ee tak lagabhag)
2. vim taksham: shasan kal (80 ee. se 95 ee tak lagabhag)
3. vim kadafaisis: shasan kal (95 ee. se 127 ee tak lagabhag)
4. kanishk pratham: shasan kal(127 ee. se 140-50 ee. lagabhag)
5. vasishk pratham: shasan kal (140-50 ee. se 160 ee tak lagabhag)
6. huvishk: shasan kal (160 ee. se 190 ee tak lagabhag)
7. vasudev pratham
8. kanishk dvitiy
9. vashishk
10. kanishk tritiy
11. vasudev dvitiy

1. REDIRECTsaancha:Headnote

kujul kadafaisis

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kushanoan ke ek saradar ka nam kujul kadafaisis tha . usane qabul aur kandahar par adhikar kar liya . poorv mean yoonani shasakoan ki shakti kamazor ho gee thi, kujul ne is ka labh utha kar apana prabhav yahaan badhana shuroo kar diya . pahlavoan ko parajit kar usane apane shasan ka vistar panjab ke pashchim tak sthapit kar liya. mathura mean is shasak ke taanbe ke kuchh sikke prapt hue hai . [[chitr:Vima Taktu.jpg|thumb|100px|vim taksham]]

vim taksham

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

vim taksham lagabhag 60 ee. se 105 ee. ke samay mean shasak hua hoga. vim b da shaktishali shasak tha. apane pita kujul ke dvara vijit rajy ke atirikt vim ne poorvi uttar pradesh tak apane rajy ki sima sthapit kar li. vim ne rajy ki poorvi sima banaras tak badha li. is vistrit rajy ka pramukh kendr mathura nagar bana. vim ke banaye sikke banaras se lekar panjab tak bahut b di matra mean mile hai.

kanishk

[[chitr:kanishk.jpg|thumb|100px|kanishk]]

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kanishk kushan vansh ka pramukh samrat kanishk bharatiy itihas mean apani vijay, dharmik pravritti, sahity tatha kala ka premi hone ke nate vishesh sthan rakhata hai. kumaralat ki kalpanamand tika ke anusar isane bharatavijay ke pashchath madhy eshiya mean khotan jita aur vahian par rajy karane laga. isake lekh peshavar, manikyal (ravalapiandi), suyivihar (bahavalapur), jeda (ravalapiandi), mathura, kaushaanbi tatha saranath mean mile haian, aur isake sikke siandh se lekar bangal tak pae ge haian. kalhan ne bhi apani 'rajatarangini' mean kanishk, jhushk aur hushk dvara kashmir par rajy tatha vahaan apane nam par nagar basane ka ullekh kiya hai. inake adhar par yah kaha ja sakata hai ki samrat kanishk ka rajy kashmir se uttari siandh tatha peshavar se saranath ke age tak phaila tha.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• kushan itihas