कोलकाता

	kolakata
	\|200px\|center
vivaran	kolakata ka bharat ke itihas mean mahath‍vapoorn sh‍than hai. kolakata shahar bangal ki kha di ke oopar hugali nadi ke poorvi tat par sthit hai.
rajy	pashchim bangal
zila	kolakata
sthapana	san 1690 ee. mean j aaub charnok dvara sthapit
bhaugolik sthiti	uttar- 22°33′ - poorv -88°20′
marg sthiti	kolakata shahar rashh‍triy rajamarg tatha rajh‍y rajamarg se poore desh se ju da hua hai. kolakata s dak marg bhuvaneshh‍var se 468 kilomitar uttar-poorv, patana se 602 kilomitar dakshin-poorv tatha raanchi se 404 kilomitar dakshin-poorv mean sthit hai.
prasiddhi	rasagulla, bangali sa diyaan, taant ki sa diyaan
kab jaean	aktoobar se faravari
kaise pahuanchean	havaee jahaz, rel, bas adi se pahuancha ja sakata hai.
havaee adda	netaji subhash chandr bos aantarrashtriy havaee adda v damadam havaee adda
relave steshan	hav da jankshan, siyaladah jankshan.
bas adda	bas adda, kolakata
yatayat	saikil-riksha, aauto-riksha, mitar-taiksi, siti bas, tram aur metro rel
kya dekhean	kolakata paryatan
kahaan thaharean	hotal, atithi grah, dharmashala
kya khayean	rasagulla, bhat
kya kharidean	hathakaragha sooti sa diyaan, resham ke kap de, hash‍tashilh‍p se nirmit vash‍tuean bhi kharid sakate haian.
es.ti.di. kod	033
e.ti.em	lagabhag sabhi
chitr:Map-icon.gif	googal manachitr, kolakata havaee adda
any janakari	yah bharat ka sabase b da shahar hai aur pramukh bandaragahoan mean se ek haian. kolakata ka purana nam kalakatta tha. 1 janavari, 2001 se kalakatta ka nam adhikarik taur par kolakata hua.
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	19:35, 17 agast 2016 (IST)

kolakata vishay soochi

parichay itihas bhoogol prashasanik vyavastha arthavyavastha kala shiksha yatayat paryatan chitravali alekh

kolakata (aangrezi:Kolkata) bharat ke mahanagaroan mean se ek tatha pashchim bangal rajy ki rajadhani hai aur bhootapoorv british bharat (1772-1912) ki rajadhani tha. kolakata ka upanam dayamand harbar bhi hai. yah bharat ka sabase b da shahar hai aur pramukh bandaragahoan mean se ek haian. kolakata ka purana nam kalakatta tha. 1 janavari, 2001 se kalakatta ka nam adhikarik taur par kolakata hua.^[1] kolakata shahar bangal ki kha di ke muhane se 154 kilomitar oopar ko hugali nadi ke poorvi tat par sthit hai, jo kabhi ganga nadi ki mukhy nahar thi. yahaan par jal se bhoomi tak aur nadi se samudr tak jahazoan ki avajahi ke kendr ke roop mean bandaragah shahar vikasit hua. mukhy shahar ka kshetraphal lagabhag 104 varg kilomitar hai, halaanki mahanagariy kshetr^[2] kafi b da hai aur lagabhag 1,380 kilomitar mean phaila hai. vanijy, parivahan aur nirman ka shahar kolakata poorvi bharat ka pramukh shahari kendr hai. is shahar ka aangrezi nam kalakatta hai.

kuchh logoan ke anusar kalikata ki utpatti baangla shabd kalikshetr se huee hai, jisaka arth hai 'kali (devi) ki bhoomi'.
kuchh kahate haian ki shahar ka nam ek nahar (khal) ke kinare par usaki mool basti hone se p da.
tisara vichar yah hai ki choona (kali) aur siki huee sipi (kata) ke lie baangla shabdoan se milakar yah nam bana hai, kyoanki yah kshetr paki huee sipi se uchch gunavatta vale choone ke nirman ke lie vikhyat hai.
ek any mat yah hai ki is nam ki utpatti baangla shabd kilakila (samatal kshetr) se huee hai, jisaka ullekh prachin granthoan mean milata hai.

[[chitr:Kalighat-Kali-Temple-Calcutta.jpg|thumb|250px|left|kalighat kali mandir, kolakata]]

sthapana

british adhikari j aaub charnok ka kolakata aj ek mahanagar ke roop mean tabh‍dil ho chuka hai. j aaub charanak ne 1690 ee. mean tin gaanvoan kolikata, sutanati tatha govinh‍dapuri namak jagah par kolakata ki nianv rakhi thi. vahi kolakata aj ek bhavh‍y shahar ka roop le chuka hai. kolakata ka bharat ke itihas mean mahath‍vapoorn sh‍than hai. yah kee aitihasik ghatanaoan ka sakshi raha hai. yahaan par hi 1756 ee. mean prasiddh kalakothari ki ghatana ghati thi. isake alava 1757 ee. mean yahian ph‍lasi ka prasiddh yuddh hua tha. isi yuddh ne age chalakar bharat ke itihas ko badal diya. pahale is shahar ka nam kalakatta tha. lekin 2001 ee. mean ise badal kar kolakata kar diya gaya.

itihas

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kalikata nam ka ullekh mugal badashah akabar (shasan kal, 1556-1605) ke rajasv khate mean aur bangali kavi bipradas (1495) dvara rachit 'manasamangal' mean bhi milata hai. ek british basti ke roop mean kolakata ka itihas 1690 mean british eest iandiya kampani ke ek adhikari jab charnok dvara yahaan par ek vyapar chauki ki sthapana se shuroo hota hai. hugali nadi ke tat par sthit bandaragah ko lekar poorv mean charnok ka mugal samrajy ke adhikariyoan se vivad ho gaya tha aur unhean vah sthan chho dane ke lie vivash kar diya gaya tha. jisake bad unhoanne nadi tat par sthit any sthanoan par svayan ko sthapit karane ke kee asaphal prayas kie. aangrez gavarnar-janaral varen hestiangs ke samay mean 'regyuletiang ekt' ke tahat 1774 ee. mean kalakatta (kolakata ka bhootapoorv nam) mean ek sarvochch nyayalay ki sthapana ki gee, jisaka adhikar kshetr kalakatta tak tha. kalakatta mean rahane vale sabhi bharatiy tatha aangrez isaki paridhi mean the. kalakatta se bahar ke mamale yah tabhi sunata tha, jab donoan paksh sahatam hoan. is nyayalay mean nyay aangrezi qanoonoan dvara kiya jata tha.

kalakatta ki kal kothari

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

20 joon 1756 ko bangal ke navab sirajuddaula dvara nagar par qabza karane aur eest iandiya kanpani ki pratirakshak sena dvara parishad ke ek sadasy j aaun jed h aaulavel ke netritv mean samarpan karane ke bad ghati ghatana mean navab ne shesh bache yooropiy pratirakshakoan ko ek kothari mean band kar diya tha, jisamean anek bandiyoan ki mrityu ho gee thi, yah ghatana bharat mean british samrajyavad ke adarshikaran ka ek sanasanikhej muqadama aur vivad ka vishay bani.

bhautik evan manav bhoogol

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

shahar ka svaroop

upaniveshavadi aangrezoan ke dvara bhavy yooropiy rajadhani ke roop mean abhikalpit kolakata ab bharat ke sabase adhik nirdhan aur sarvadhik janasankhya vale kshetroan mean se ek hai. yah atyadhik vividhataoan aur aantarvirodhoan ke shahar ke roop mean vikasit hua hai. kolakata ko apani alag pahachan pane ke lie tivr yooropiy prabhav ko atmasat karana tha aur aupaniveshik virasat ki simaoan se bahar ana tha. is prakriya mean shahar ne poorv aur pashchim ka ek sanyog bana liya, jise 19vian shatabdi ke kulin bangaliyoan ke jivan karyoan mean abhivyakti mili. is varg ke sabase vishisht vyaktitv the, kavi aur rahasyavadi ravindranath taigor. bharatiy shaharoan mean sabase b da aur sabase adhik jivant yah shahar ajey lagane vali arthik, samajik v rajanitik samasyaoan ke bich phala-phoola hai. yahaan ke nagarikoan ne atyadhik jivantata dikhaee hai, jo kala v sanskriti mean unaki abhiruchi aur ek star ki bauddhik ojasvita mean pradarshit hoti hai. yahaan ki rajanitik jagarukata desh mean anyatr durlabh hai. kolakata ke pustak meloan, kala pradarshaniyoan aur sangit sabhaoan mean jaisi bhi d hoti hai, vaisi bharat ke kisi any shahar mean nahian hoti. divaroan par vad-vivad ka achchha-khasa adan-pradan hota hai, jisake karan kolakata ko ishtaharoan ka shahar kaha jane laga hai.

arthavyavastha

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

bharat ke ek mukhy arthik kendr ke roop mean kolakata ki j dean usake udyog, arthik evan vyaparik gatividhiyoan aur mukhy bandaragah ke roop mean usaki bhoomika mean nihit hai; yah mudran, prakashan aur samachar patr vitaran ke sath-sath manoranjanak ka kendr hai. kolakata ke bhitari pradesh ke utpadoan mean koyala, loha, maianganiz, abhrak, petrol, chay aur joot shamil haian. 1950 ke dashak se berozagari ek satat v badhati huee samasya hai. kolakata mean berozagari bahut had tak mahavidyalay shiksha prapt aur lipik v any safedaposh vyavasayoan ke lie prashikshit logoan ki samasya hai. 250px|thumb|sangrahalay

prashasan evan samajik visheshataean

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kolakata shahar mean shasan ka dayitv kolakata nagar nigam ka hai; shahar ke 100 vardoan se chune hue pratinidhi nigam ki sabha ka nirman karate haian. nigam parshad har varsh ek mahapaur, ek upamahapaur aur nigam ki gatividhiyaan chalane ke lie kee samitiyoan ka chunav karate haian. nigam ka karyakari pramukh ayukt, nirvachit sadasyoan ke prati uttaradayi hota hai. shahar bhi kolakata mahanagar zile ka ek bhag hai, jise kshetriy adhar par yojana banane aur vikas ke paryavekshan ke lie banaya gaya tha. pashchim bangal ki rajadhani hone ke karan kolakata shahar ke aitihasik rajabhavan mean rajyapal nivas karate haian. rajy vidhanasabha bhi yahian par sachivalay ke sath raitars bildiang mean sthit hai aur kolakata uchch nyayalay bhi yahian par hai. kee rashtriy shasakiy sansthaean kolakata mean hi sthit haian, jinamean neshanal laibreri, bharatiy sangrahalay, bharatiy bhoo-vaijnanik sarvekshan shamil haian.

shiksha

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

shiksha lambe samay se kolakata mean uchch samajik star ka parichayak rahi hai. yah shahar bharatiy shiksha ke punarjivan kal se, jisaki shuruat 19vian shatabdi ke prarambhik varshoan mean bangal mean huee, shiksha ka ek kendr raha hai. aangrezi shaili ka pahala vidyalay, d hindoo k aaulej (jo bad mean prezideansi k aaulej kahalaya) 1817 mean sthapit hua. shahar mean prathamik shiksha ka sanchalan pashchimi bangal shasan ke dvara kiya jata hai aur nagar nigam dvara chalae ja rahe vidyalayoan mean yah niahshulk hai. bahut b di sankhya mean bachche niji prabandhan dvara sanchalit manyata prapt vidyalayoan mean shiksha pate haian. adhikaansh uchchatar madhyamik vidyalay, pashchim bangal madhyamik shiksha mandal ke adhin haian aur kuchh kendriy madhyamik shiksha bord v bharatiy madhyamik shiksha parishad ke adhin haian.

kala

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kolakata vasi lambe samay se sahity v kala kshetroan mean sakriy rahe haian. 19vian shatabdi ke madhy mean yahaan pashchimi shiksha se prabhavit sahityik andolan ka uday hua, jisane sampoorn bharat mean sahityik punarjagaran kiya. is andolan ke mahattvapoorn pranetaoan mean se ek ravindranath taigor the, jinhean 1913 mean sahity ka nobel puraskar pradan kiya gaya. unaki kavita, sangit, natak aur chitrakala mean ullekhaniy srijanatmakata ne shahar ke saanskritik jivan ka samriddh kiya. kolakata paramparik evan samakalin sangit aur nrity ka bhi kendr hai. 1937 mean taigor ne kolakata mean pahale akhil bangal sangit samaroh ka udghatan kiya tha. tabhi se prativarsh yahaan par kee bharatiy shastriy sangit samaroh ayojit kie jate haian. kee shastriy nartakoan ka ghar kolakata paramparik nrity kala mean pashchim ki manchiy takanik ko apanane ke uday shankar ke prayog ka sthal bhi tha. 1965 se unake dvara sthapit nrity, sangit aur natak shalaean shahar mean vidyaman haian. 1870 ke dashak mean neshanal thietar ki sthapana ke sath hi kolakata mean vyavasayik natakoan ki shuruat huee. shahar mean natakoan ke adhunik roopoan ki shuruat girishachandr ghosh aur dinabandhu mitr jaise natakakaroan ne ki. kolakata aj bhi vyavasayik v shauqiya rangamanch aur prayogadharmi natakoan ka ek mahattvapoorn kendr hai. yah shahar bharat mean chalachitr nirman ka prarambhik kendr bhi raha hai. prayogadharmi film nirdeshak satyajit ray aur mrinal sen ne aantarrashtriy star par prashansa paee hai. shahar mean kee sinemaghar haian, jinamean niyamit roop se aangrezi, baangla aur hindi filmean dikhaee jati haian.

manoranjan

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif is andolan ke mahattvapoorn pranetaoan mean se ek ravindranath taigor the, jinhean 1913 mean sahity ka nobel puraskar pradan kiya gaya. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

kolakata nagar nigam 200 se adhik bagichoan, chaurahoan aur khule maidanoan ki dekharekh karata hai. halaanki shahar ke bhi d bhare hissoan mean bahut kam sthan hai. lagabhag 3.2 kilomitar lamba aur 1.6 kilomitar chau da maidan sabase prasiddh khula sthan hai. yahian par phutabal, kriket aur h aauki ke pramukh maidan haian. maidan se laga hua hai, vishv ke sabase purane kriket maidanoan mean se ek, eedan gardan mean ranaji stediyam; charadivari mean khele jane vale kheloan ke lie netaji stediyam pas hi hai. nagar ke poorv mean bane salt lek stediyam mean ek lakh darshak baith sakate haian. shahar mean do ghu dadau d maidan aur do golf maidan haian aur nauka vihar ke lie lek klab aur bangal naukayan sangh lokapriy hai. lagabhag 20 hekteyar se adhik kshetr mean chi diyaghar phaila hua hai. ganga nadi ke pashchimi tat par bharatiy vanaspatik udyan sthit hai. isake vanaspati sangrahalayoan mean paudhoan ki lagabhag 40 hazar prajatiyaan haian.

[[chitr:Eden-Garden-Kolkata-2.jpg|thumb|left|eedan gardan, kolakata]]

khanapan

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

bhojan

kolakata bhojan ke mamale mean ek prasiddh shahar hai. kolakata mean bhojan kafi sash‍ta milata hai. kolakata mean kalighat ki taraph 'komal vilas hotal' mean kele ke patte par dakshin bharatiy bhojan parosa jata hai. jatin das rod par sthit 'ray udupi hom' mean bhi achh‍chha bhojan milata hai. yahaan sthit markopolo hotal mean apako har tarah ka vh‍yanjan mil jaega. park sh‍trit par sthit 'mokanbo' hotal k aaunh‍tinenh‍tal phish ke lie prasiddh hai. yahian par 'sauravs' hai jo kriketar saurav gaanguli ka restoreant hai. yahaan bhi sabhi prakar ka bhojan milata hai. lekin sabase vishesh bat yah ki agar ap kolakata jaean to yahaan ka rasagulh‍la khana n bhoolean. kolakata ka rasagulla poore bharat mean prasiddh hai.

yatayat

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kolakata mean jan yatayat kolakata upanagariy relave, kolakata metro, tram aur basoan dvara upalabdh hai. vyapak upanagariy jal sudoor upanagariy kshetroan tak phaila hua hai. bharatiy rel dvara sanchalit kolakata metro bharat mean sabase purani bhoomigat yatayat pranali hai. ye shahar mean uttar se dakshin disha mean hugali nadi ke samanaantar shahar ki lanbaee ko 16.45 ki.mi. mean napati hai. yahaan ke adhikaansh logoan dvara basoan ko prathamik taur par yatayat ke lie prayog kiya jata hai. yahaan sarakari evan niji aauparetaroan dvara basean sanchalit haian. bharat mean kolakata ekamatr shahar hai, jahaan tram seva upalabdh hai. tram seva kailkata tramavez kanpani dvara sanchalit hai. tram mand-gati chalit yatayat hai, v shahar ke kuchh hi kshetroan mean simit hai. manasoon ke samay bhari varsha ke chalate kee bar lok-yatayat mean vyavadhan p data hai. [[chitr:Parshvanath-Temple-Kolkata.JPG|thumb|jain mandir, kolakata]]

kolakata metro rel

kolakata mean do mukhy lanbi dooriyoan ki ga diyoan vale relave steshan haian- hav da jankshan aur siyaladah jankshan. kolakata nam se ek naya steshan 2006 mean hi banaya gaya hai. kolakata shahar bharatiy relave ke do mandaloan ka mukhyalay hai:-

poorvi relave aur
dakshin-poorv relave.

paryatan

REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

kolakata ek dharmik shahar hai. yahaan apako har g‍li mean mandir, masjid, charch, gurudvara, yahoodi sabhagar adi mil jaeange. in mandiroan aur masjidoan ke alava bhi yahaan dekhane layaq bahut kuchh hai. yahaan sangrahalay, aitihasik bhavan, art gailariyaan bhi haian jinh‍hean ap dekh sakate haian.^[3]

janasankhya

2001 ki ganana ke anusar kolakata ki janasankhya 45,80,544 hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ kolakata ka itihas (aangrezi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 8 julaee, 2010.
↑ kolakata shahari sankedran
↑ mukesh. kolakata-vibhinh‍n dharmalanbiyoan ka aitihasik shahar (hindi) (e ais pi) yatra salah. abhigaman tithi: 8 julaee, 2010.

bahari k diyaan

link=#top|center|oopar jayean

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] ta ka itihas (aangrezi) (ech.ti.em.el). . abhigaman tithi: 8 julaee, 2010.

[2] ta shahari sankedran

[3] ukesh. kolakata-vibhinh‍n dharmalanbiyoan ka aitihasik shahar (hindi) (e ais pi) yatra salah. abhigaman tithi: 8 julaee, 2010.

[1]

[2]

[3]

Accuracy	Spot checked
Depth	Basic
Readability	Acceptable